scholarly journals Study on Individual PAHs Content in Ultrafine Particles from Solid Fractions of Diesel and Biodiesel Exhaust Fumes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Szewczyńska ◽  
Małgorzata Pośniak ◽  
Elżbieta Dobrzyńska
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Exhaust Fumes ◽  
Individual Pahs ◽  
Time Determination

In order to characterize PAHs emissions of diesel engine fuelled with diesel and its blend (B20, B40). In the particle phase, PAHs in engine exhausts were collected by fiberglass filters using Electrical Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI) and then determined by a high performance liquid chromatography with a fluorimetric detector (HPLC-FL). The main content in exhaust gases from diesel engine, regardless the type of applied fuel, is constituted by the particles fraction of diameter <0.25 μm. Particles sized <0.25 μm constituted on average approximately 68% of particles in diesel exhaust gases and approx. 50% of particles emitted by biodiesel B20 and B40. When the B100 bioester additive was applied, the total emission of particles was reduced thus the volume of toxic substances adsorbed on them was lower. The analysis of chemical composition of <0.25 μm exhaust gas fraction showed that there were mainly 3- and 4-ring aromatic hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas of diesel fuel while in B40 single PAHs with the number of rings of 4 and 5 were detected. An application of ELPI permitted a further separation of <0.25 μm particle’s fraction and a real-time determination of interalia number, mass, and surface concentrations.

scholarly journals Method and Device for Reducing the Toxicity of Diesel Engine Exhaust Gases

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.36) ◽  
pp. 920
Author(s):  
Byshov N.V ◽  
Bachurin A.N ◽  
Bogdanchikov I.Yu ◽  
Oleynik D.O ◽  
Yakunin Yu.V. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Gas Cleaning ◽  
Cleaning System ◽  
Exhaust Gas Cleaning

The aim of the article is to develop a method and a device for reducing the toxicity of exhaust gases of diesel engines and reducing noise taking into account the current mode of operation of the engine. This is done with the help of installing a liquid catalyst (LC) into the exhaust system, ensuring the processes of trapping, chemical bonding and neutralization of toxic components and soot particles in the aerosol chamber while the vortex flow is being processed by a neutralizing solution supplied under pressure. Then the flow is divided into phases and toxic components and soot are separated in the centrifugal swirl drop separator (SDS).The developed and tested design of an exhaust gas cleaning device installed instead of the standard D-120 engine exhaust system and an automated cleaning process control system make it possible to reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases (EG): nitrogen oxides by 40 %, hydrocarbons by 43 % and soot by 70 %. The noise level of its work in enclosed spaces was reduced by 16–22 %. The device also had low gas-dynamic resistance.The investigation methodology is based on the use of modern methods and measuring devices. Exhaust gas tester META “Autotest CO – CH – CO2 – O2 – λ – NOx” was used to measure the toxicity of exhaust gases. To measure smoking at the exhaust of the diesel engine, the opacity meter META-01MP was used. The gas flow velocity was measured with ATT-1004 thermo-anemometer, the noise level of the tractor was recorded with noise and vibration meter VSHV–003–M2, and the fuel consumption with SIRT-1 meter.Theoretical studies were carried out on the basis of the laws of gas dynamics, the modern theory of statistical analysis, and experiment planning techniques. When developing an experimental LC model, dependencies were obtained, which allow to achieve the optimal design and technological parameters of the wet cleaning system for diesel exhaust gases.The optimization of the design parameters and the processing of experimental data were carried out with the help of modern software using the methods of mathematical statistics using computers.The current methods of reducing the toxicity of engines consist primarily in improving the design of engines, in order to influence the nature of the working process, the use of alternative fuels and additives, exhaust gas recirculation, as well as installing various types of exhaust gas catalytic systems. Measures related to the introduction of constructive changes in engines require some major restructuring of the industry, which is difficult to achieve in modern conditions. Alternative fuels have not yet been widely used in agriculture. Therefore, today the most effective and acceptable means of achieving environmental standards is the installation of various mobile catalysts in the exhaust system, as well as devices for trapping soot particles. The use of this exhaust gas cleaning system for diesel engines functioning in enclosed spaces can significantly improve the working conditions of the personnel and have a slight effect on the power and fuel-economic performance of the power unit, reducing the power of the D-120 engine of the T-30 tractor equipped with an upgraded exhaust system when taking external speed characteristics averaged 1.6 %, the torque was 1.5 % and the increase in specific fuel consumption was 1.8 %.In this paper we used materials from scientific publications indexed by bibliographic abstract databases of Scopus and Web of Science.   

Diesel engine exhaust, measured as elemental carbon. Documentation of proposed values of occupational exposure limits (OELs)

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4(102)) ◽  
pp. 43-109
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Szymańska ◽  
Barbara Frydrych ◽  
Elżbieta Bruchajzer
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Elemental Carbon ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Exposure Limits ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Exhaust Fumes

Exhaust emissions from diesel engines (SESD) are multi-component mixtures of chemical compounds resulting from incomplete combustion of fuel and engine oil. The toxic effect of exhaust gases is associated with the presence of toxic and carcinogenic compounds in them. GIS reports in 2019 that the number of employees employed in conditions constituting 0.1– 0.5 of MAC-TWA (applicable for exhaust emissions from diesel engines) in 2017 and in 2018 was 1071 and 986, respectively, while in conditions 0 , 5–1 MAC-TWA were 26 and 46, respectively. In the list of occupational diseases in the years 2013–2017, two cancers were registered: one bladder and one larynx (exposure to PAHs present in exhaust gases). In the clinical picture of acute exhaust poisoning, irritant effects on the mucous membranes of the eyes and upper respiratory tract predominate. Eye conjunctival irritation is considered to be one of the most sensitive indicators of exhaust gas exposure. Chronic poisoning is usually seen in people who have been exposed to work for at least several years. Functional and morphological changes in the respiratory system dominate. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of exhaust gases has resulted in: accumulation of solid particles in macrophages, changes in lung cells, fibrosis and epithelial metaplasia. Exposure to exhaust fumes can exacerbate the symptoms of existing diseases, e.g. asthma, allergies. The results of epidemiological studies indicate a relationship between occupational exposure to exhaust gas emitted from diesel engines and the increased incidence of certain groups of cancers, mainly lung cancer and bladder cancer. Studies conducted on laboratory animals have shown that exposure to exhaust fumes emitted from diesel engines caused disorders of the respiratory, circulatory, nervous and immune systems. Mutagenicity tests showed positive responses in several Salmonella strains. Animal studies (prenatal and adult exposure) suggest that exposure to exhaust gas may affect male fertility. Annex III of Directive (EU) 2019/130 of the European Parliament and of the Council contains occupational exposure limit values amending Directive 2004/37 / EC. For exhaust emissions from diesel engines for an 8-hour working day, this value was set at 0.05 mg/m3 (measured as elemental carbon). After 1–2 hours of human inhalation exposure to concentrations of 75–225 µg/m3 (as elemental carbon), a decrease in respiratory function parameters and the occurrence of inflammatory changes in the lungs were observed. There is insufficient data on occupational exposure to exhaust emissions from new generation diesel engines. Therefore, it was proposed to adopt as the MAC-TWA value for exhaust emissions from diesel engines a concentration of 0.05 mg/m3 (measured as elemental carbon) included in the Directive 2019/130, without setting STEL and TLV-C. This article discusses the problems of occupational safety and health, which are covered by health sciences and environmental engineering.

scholarly journals The influence of non-cooled exhaust gas recirculation on the diesel engine parameters

2017 ◽  
Vol 171 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-273
Author(s):  
Jerzy CISEK
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Start Of Injection ◽  
Gas Recirculation

This paper presents the results of the diesel engine research on the energy performance, components of exhaust gases and smoke and parameters related to the supply system for VW 1.9 TDI working in 2 modes: with standard, non-cooled EGR system, and without this system. All of measurements were carried out on the some engine speed – 2000 rpm (speed of maximum engine torque) and various engine loads. It was found that the serial engine control unit switches the EGR system off above 150 Nm engine load (Momax = 295 Nm). In this range of load the engine running with EGR is characterized by higher fuel consumption (lower total efficiency) ca. 5%, compared with engine without EGR. Concentration of NOx in exhaust gases was lower up to 45% but, at the same time, exhaust gas smoke and concentration of carbon oxides were strongly increasing. It can be seen that EGR system increases the temperature (up to 110oC) and changes the composition of air-exhaust gas in the intake manifold. One of reason of this fact is self-changing start of injection. Additional effect of EGR is lower air pressure behind turbocharger, because the flow of exhaust gases (into EGR) is taken before the

scholarly journals DEVICE FOR PURIFICATION OF DIESEL ENGINE EXHAUST GASES

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
A.V. Nelidkin ◽  
◽  
S.N. Borychev ◽  
D.O. Oleynik ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Closed Volume ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Operational Life

To ensure high quality and productive work of employ-ees, it is necessary to achieve the target parameters of the microclimate and to exclude harmful and toxic substances in the atmosphere of the working area of agricultural prem-ises of a closed volume and air exchange. The main rea-son for the distortion of the air-gas regime of the room is the use of agricultural machines in closed industrial prem-ises (warehouses, storage facilities, livestock facilities, etc.). As a result, there is a decrease in the quality of prod-ucts and working conditions at agricultural enterprises, as well as a reduction in the operational life of structures. To-day, in agricultural machinery, diesel engines are most often used as power units which, unlike gasoline engines are more economical, and also reduce the harmful impact on the environment. But, despite this, the operation of die-sel engines still causes the accumulation of harmful com-ponents in the atmosphere of the room which negatively affects the health of the staff. The analysis of the designs of devices for exhaust gas purificationof internal combus-tion engines revealed the problems that affect the efficien-cy of the purification. The most significant problems are as following: large weight and dimensions, reduced efficiency of the neutralizers when the engine is running at modes close to the nominal ones, and large gas-dynamic re-sistance. To solve these problems, the design of a device for exhaust gas purificationin diesel engines was devel-oped. The use of this utility model will increase the efficien-cy of the device for exhaust gas purification. It will improve the environmental performance of the diesel engine reduc-ing emissions of harmful substances and soot into the at-mosphere.

Application of carbon nanotubes as additives improving the environmental performance of diesel engine

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Full Load ◽  
Ultrasonic Apparatus ◽  
Load Mode

The actuality of the article is due to the need to improve the toxicity indicators of dieselengines exhaust gases. One of the modern ways to achieve the required indicators of exhaustgas toxicity is to add eco-friendly additives to the fuel. An opportunity of using carbonnanotubes as eco-friendly additives to petroleum diesel fuel is considered. Experimentalstudies of the D-243 diesel engine running on petroleum diesel fuel with the addition of 125,250 and 500 mg/l nanotubes were carried out. Mixing of petroleum diesel fuel with nanotubeswas performed with the usage of an ultrasonic apparatus. A possibility of improving theenvironmental performance of a diesel engine when adding nanotubes to the fuel is shown. Ina full-load mode, the addition of 500 mg/l carbon nanotubes to the fuel reduced the exhaustsmoke from 26.0 % to 11.2 % according to the Hartridge scale. Keywords diesel engine; petroleum diesel fuel; carbon nanotubes; exhaust gas toxicity indicators; exhaust gas smokiness

Evaluation of the Integral toxicity of Exhaust Gases of a Diesel Engine Operating on Natural Gas and Alcohol Emulsions

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 60-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.A. Likhanov ◽  
O.P. Lopatin
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Diesel Exhaust ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
Total Hydrocarbons ◽  
Weight Coefficients

The results of studies of the integral toxicity of exhaust gases of a diesel engine operating on natural gas and alcohol emulsions are presented. At the same time, the regimes characterizing the specific toxicity of a diesel engine under its operating conditions were determined, and emissions of toxic components on these regimes were determined taking into account their weight coefficients. The results of research specific toxic diesel exhaust toxicity indicators, in accordance with the requirements of UNECE Regulation No. 49, show that when a diesel engine operates on natural gas with exhaust gas recirculation and an ethanol-fuel emulsion, the content of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon dioxide (CO) in the exhaust gases conforms to "EURO 3", particulate matter – "EURO 5", total hydrocarbons (CHx) – "EURO 2". When the diesel engine is running on a methanol-fuel emulsion, the content of NOx, СНx and CO in the exhaust gases complies with the standards "EURO 3", particulate matter – "EURO 5".

IMPROVED METHODS OF DIAGNOSIS OF DIESEL TRUCK ENGINES EXHAUST GAS

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Мишин ◽  
S. Mishin ◽  
Тихомиров ◽  
P. Tikhomirov
Keyword(s):  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Improved Methods

The investigations of modern methods of diagnosing of diesel truck engines exhaust gases. The submission provides an overview of the diagnosis techniques, which are held both in domestic and in foreign countries. The technique of improving the diagnosis of toxic substances

scholarly journals THE RESEARCH OF SIMPLIFICATION OF 1.9 TDI DIESEL ENGINE HEAT RELEASE PARAMETERS DETERMINATION / 1,9 TDI DYZELINIO VARIKLIO ŠILUMOS IŠSISKYRIMO PARAMETRŲ NUSTATYMO SUPAPRASTINIMO TYRIMAS

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 570-576
Author(s):  
Justas Žaglinskis ◽  
Kristóf Lukács ◽  
Ákos Bereczky ◽  
Paulius Rapalis
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Release Data ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature ◽  
Main Engine

The investigation of modified methodology of Audi 1.9 TDI 1Z diesel engine heat release parameters’ determination is represented in the article. In this research the AVL BOOST BURN and IMPULS software was used to treat data and to simulate engine work process. The reverse task of indicated pressure determination from heat release data was solved here. T. Bulaty and W. Glanzman methodology was modified for purpose to simplify the determination of heat release parameters. The maximal cylinder pressure, which requires additional expensive equipment, was changed into the objective indicator – exhaust gas temperature. This modification allowed to simplify the experimental engine tests and also gave simulation results in an error range up to 2% of main engine operating parameters. The study results are assessed as an important point for the simplification of engine test under field conditions. Straipsnyje pateikta dyzelinio Audi variklio 1,9 TDI 1Z šilumos išsiskyrimo parametrų nustatymo metodikos ir jos modifikavimo tyrimas. Šio tyrimo procese atilikto eksperimento duomenims apdoroti ir darbo procesui modeliuoti panaudoti AVL BOOST BURN ir IMPULS programiniai paketai. Tyrime buvo sprendžiamas atvirkščias indikatorinio slėgio nustatymo iš šilumos charakteristikos duomenų uždavinys. Siekiant supaprastinti šilumos išsiskyrimo parametrų nustatymą, panaudota modifikuota T. Bulaty ir W. Glanzman metodika. Maksimalaus slėgio cilindre parametras, kurio nustatymas reikalauja papildomos brangios įrangos, buvo pakeistas objektyviu išmetamųjų dujų temperatūros parametru. Šis modifikavimas leidžia supaprastinti eksperimentinius tyrimus bei leido atlikti pagrindinių variklio darbo parametrų modeliavimą neviršijant 2 % paklaidų ribos. Tyrimo rezultatas vertinamas itin svarbiu variklių bandymų lauko sąlygomis supaprastinimo atžvilgiu.

scholarly journals Application of the F-statistic of the Fisher-Snedecor distribution to analyze the significance of the effect of changes in the compression ratio of a diesel engine on the value of the specific enthalpy of the exhaust gas flow

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrycja Puzdrowska
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Test Stand ◽  
Specific Enthalpy ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
The Impact

The paper discusses the impact of changes in the compression ratio on the operating parameters of a diesel engine, e.g. on the temperature of exhaust gases. It presents the construction of the laboratory test stand, on which experimental measurements were realized. It is characterized how the actual changes of the compression ratio were introduced to the existing engine. The program of experimental investigations taking into account the available test stand and measurement possibilities was described. A statistical and qualitative analysis of the obtained measurement results was made. The use of F statistics of the Fisher-Snedecor distribution was proposed to assess the significance of the effect of compression ratio changes on the specific enthalpy of the exhaust gas stream. The specific enthalpy of exhaust gases was analysed for one cycle of diesel engine work, determined on the basis of the course of quickly varying temperature of exhaust gases. The results of these analyses are discussed and the utilitarian purpose of this type of evaluation in parametric diagnostics of piston engines is presented.

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