scholarly journals CUZD1 and Anti-CUZD1 Antibodies as Markers of Cancer and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Liaskos ◽  
Eirini I. Rigopoulou ◽  
Timoklia Orfanidou ◽  
Dimitrios P. Bogdanos ◽  
Christos N. Papandreou
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Autoimmune Attack ◽  
Frequent Event ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

CUZD1, the CUB, and zona pellucida-like domains-containing protein 1, is a newly identified antigen of pancreatic autoantibodies (PAB) giving a reticulogranular pattern in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, and in particular Crohn’s disease. The exact mechanisms by which this pancreatic antigen becomes the target of IBD-specific pancreatic autoantibodies are unclear. At the same time, evolving data strongly support a role for CUZD1 in carcinogenesis. HumanCUZD1is mapped at chromosome 10q26.13 and the loss of this region is a frequent event in various malignant tumours. mRNA overexpression of CUZD1 has been noted in ovarian cancer and serum levels of CUZD1 are elevated in women with ovarian cancer and patients suffering from pancreatic cancer. CUZD1 appears to be one of the relatively few biomarkers that serve as both cancer biomarker and autoantigen of autoantibodies in an autoimmune disease unrelated to cancerous organs. This review discusses the role of CUZD1 in cancer and autoimmunity. We anticipate that a better understanding of the function of CUZD1 will help us to understand how it becomes the focus of an autoimmune attack specifically targeting the intestine and its enigmatic role in carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals The Role of Enterobacteriaceae in Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 697
Author(s):  
Valerio Baldelli ◽  
Franco Scaldaferri ◽  
Lorenza Putignani ◽  
Federica Del Chierico
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Symbiotic Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are a group of chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases with unknown etiology. There is a combination of well documented factors in their pathogenesis, including intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. The symbiotic microbiota plays important functions in the host, and the loss of beneficial microbes could favor the expansion of microbial pathobionts. In particular, the bloom of potentially harmful Proteobacteria, especially Enterobacteriaceae, has been described as enhancing the inflammatory response, as observed in IBDs. Herein, we seek to investigate the contribution of Enterobacteriaceae to IBD pathogenesis whilst considering the continuous expansion of the literature and data. Despite the mechanism of their expansion still remaining unclear, their expansion could be correlated with the increase in nitrate and oxygen levels in the inflamed gut and with the bile acid dysmetabolism described in IBD patients. Furthermore, in several Enterobacteriaceae studies conducted at a species level, it has been suggested that some adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) play an important role in IBD pathogenesis. Overall, this review highlights the pivotal role played by Enterobacteriaceae in gut dysbiosis associated with IBD pathogenesis and progression.

scholarly journals The Role of Carrageenan in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Allergic Reactions: Where Do We Stand?

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3402
Author(s):  
Barbara Borsani ◽  
Raffaella De Santis ◽  
Veronica Perico ◽  
Francesca Penagini ◽  
Erica Pendezza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Carrageenan (CGN) is a high molecular weight polysaccharide extracted from red seaweeds, composed of D-galactose residues linked in β-1,4 and α-1,3 galactose-galactose bond, widely used as a food additive in processed foods for its properties as a thickener, gelling agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. In recent years, with the spread of the Western diet (WD), its consumption has increased. Nonetheless, there is a debate on its safety. CGN is extensively used as an inflammatory and adjuvant agent in vitro and in animal experimental models for the investigation of immune processes or to assess the activity of anti-inflammatory drugs. CGN can activate the innate immune pathways of inflammation, alter the gut microbiota composition and the thickness of the mucus barrier. Clinical evidence suggests that CGN is involved in the pathogenesis and clinical management of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), indeed food-exclusion diets can be an effective therapy for disease remission. Moreover, specific IgE to the oligosaccharide α-Gal has been associated with allergic reactions commonly referred to as the “α-Gal syndrome”. This review aims to discuss the role of carrageenan in inflammatory bowel diseases and allergic reactions following the current evidence. Furthermore, as no definitive data are available on the safety and the effects of CGN, we suggest gaps to be filled and advise to limit the human exposure to CGN by reducing the consumption of ultra-processed foods.

scholarly journals Role of vitamin D derivatives in intestinal tissue of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1062-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Martinesi ◽  
Stefano Ambrosini ◽  
Cristina Treves ◽  
Ulrich Zuegel ◽  
Andreas Steinmeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Tissue ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel
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