scholarly journals Optimization and Planning of Emergency Evacuation Routes Considering Traffic Control

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Li ◽  
Lijun Zhang ◽  
Zhaohua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Source Node ◽  
Evacuation Plans ◽  
Evacuation Routes

Emergencies, especially major ones, happen fast, randomly, as well as unpredictably, and generally will bring great harm to people’s life and the economy. Therefore, governments and lots of professionals devote themselves to taking effective measures and providing optimal evacuation plans. This paper establishes two different emergency evacuation models on the basis of the maximum flow model (MFM) and the minimum-cost maximum flow model (MC-MFM), and proposes corresponding algorithms for the evacuation from one source node to one designated destination (one-to-one evacuation). Ulteriorly, we extend our evaluation model from one source node to many designated destinations (one-to-many evacuation). At last, we make case analysis of evacuation optimization and planning in Beijing, and obtain the desired evacuation routes and effective traffic control measures from the perspective of sufficiency and practicability. Both analytical and numerical results support that our models are feasible and practical.

scholarly journals A Generalized Minimum Cost Flow Model for Multiple Emergency Flow Routing

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianxun Cui ◽  
Shi An ◽  
Meng Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Flow Model ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Minimum Cost Flow ◽  
Cost Flow

During real-life disasters, that is, earthquakes, floods, terrorist attacks, and other unexpected events, emergency evacuation and rescue are two primary operations that can save the lives and property of the affected population. It is unavoidable that evacuation flow and rescue flow will conflict with each other on the same spatial road network and within the same time window. Therefore, we propose a novel generalized minimum cost flow model to optimize the distribution pattern of these two types of flow on the same network by introducing the conflict cost. The travel time on each link is assumed to be subject to a bureau of public road (BPR) function rather than a fixed cost. Additionally, we integrate contraflow operations into this model to redesign the network shared by those two types of flow. A nonconvex mixed-integer nonlinear programming model with bilinear, fractional, and power components is constructed, and GAMS/BARON is used to solve this programming model. A case study is conducted in the downtown area of Harbin city in China to verify the efficiency of proposed model, and several helpful findings and managerial insights are also presented.

Selection and allocation of manual traffic control points and personnel during emergencies

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Parr, PhD, EIT ◽  
Brian Wolshon, PhD, PE, PTOE ◽  
Vinayak Dixit, PhD, PE
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Army Corps ◽  
Army Corps Of Engineers ◽  
Police Personnel ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Evacuation Routes ◽  
Police Control

Manual traffic control is an intersection control strategy in which law enforcement officers allocate intersection right-of-way to turning movements. Many emergency traffic management plans call for manual traffic control in response to oversaturated roadway conditions. This is because it is thought to more effectively move traffic during temporary surges in demand. The goal of this research was to evaluate the current state-of the- practice used by the Army Corps of Engineers (ACE) in selecting intersections for manual traffic control and allocating police personnel to them during emergencies.This research uses the emergency traffic management plans developed by the ACE for nine counties in the Maryland Eastern Shore region. This area encompassing 14,318 intersections of which 74 were selected for manual traffic control during emergencies. This work sought to quantify the correlations that exist between intersection attributes and the ACE' decision to allocate officers to control them. The research findings suggest that US routes, State routes, and emergency evacuation routes are statistically significant in determining the need for police control at intersections. Also significant are intersection on contraflow corridors and intersections near grade separated interchanges. The model also determined that intersections isolated from evacuation routes and county exits were more likely to be selected for manual control, indicating that rural areas may rely on manual traffic control in the absence of multilane highway and freeways. This research also found that intersections involving evacuation routes, contraflow corridors, and grade separated interchanges may warrant additional police personnel (two or more officers) for manual traffic control.

scholarly journals Research on configuration of railway self-equipped tanker based on minimum cost maximum flow model

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuefang Yang ◽  
Chunhui Gan ◽  
Tingting Shen
Keyword(s):  
Flow Model ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Maximum Flow

An evaluation model of 2019-nCoV prevention effectiveness based on immigration data in China (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiangsheng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Related Data ◽  
The Face ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control ◽  
Best Fit

BACKGROUND As of the end of February 2020, 2019-nCoV is currently well controlled in China. However, the virus is now spreading globally. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of outbreak prevention and control measures in a region. METHODS A model is built for find the best fit for two sets of data (the number of daily new diagnosed, and the risk value of incoming immigration population). The parameters (offset and time window) in the model can be used as the evaluation of effectiveness of outbreak prevention and control. RESULTS Through study, it is found that the parameter offset and time window in the model can accurately reflect the prevention effectiveness. Some related data and public news confirm this result. And this method has advantages over the method using R0 in two aspects. CONCLUSIONS If the epidemic situation is well controlled, the virus is not terrible. Now the daily new diagnosed patients in most regions of China is quickly reduced to zero or close to zero. Chinese can do a good job in the face of huge epidemic pressure. Therefore, if other countries can do well in prevention and control, the epidemic in those places can also pass quickly.

scholarly journals Adaptation of Random Binomial Graphs for Testing Network Flow Problems Algorithms

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
pp. 1716
Author(s):  
Adrian Marius Deaconu ◽  
Delia Spridon
Keyword(s):  
Network Flow ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Random Network ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Network Flow Problems ◽  
Commodity Flow ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Flow Problems ◽  
Execution Speed

Algorithms for network flow problems, such as maximum flow, minimum cost flow, and multi-commodity flow problems, are continuously developed and improved, and so, random network generators become indispensable to simulate the functionality and to test the correctness and the execution speed of these algorithms. For this purpose, in this paper, the well-known Erdős–Rényi model is adapted to generate random flow (transportation) networks. The developed algorithm is fast and based on the natural property of the flow that can be decomposed into directed elementary s-t paths and cycles. So, the proposed algorithm can be used to quickly build a vast number of networks as well as large-scale networks especially designed for s-t flows.

Minimum cost maximum flow algorithm for upstream bandwidth allocation in OFDMA passive optical networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 356 ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yating Wu ◽  
Bin Kuang ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Qianwu Zhang ◽  
Min Wang
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Bandwidth Allocation ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Passive Optical Networks ◽  
Flow Algorithm

scholarly journals Optimization of Design Scheme for Toll Plaza Based on M/M/C Queuing Theory and Cellular Automata Simulation Algorithm

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Jian Liu ◽  
Jian Cao ◽  
Xiao-Yan Cao ◽  
Yuan-Biao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Queuing Theory ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Safety Coefficient ◽  
Toll Plazas ◽  
Important Field ◽  
Toll Plaza

As an important field in traffic control science, the research in design of toll plazas has increasingly attracted attention of scholars and society. A good design of toll plaza needs to meet a lot of conditions, such as high safety coefficient, high throughput and low cost level. In this study, we established an evaluation model of toll plaza based on cellular automata and M/M/C queuing theory applying to three aspects: safety coefficient, throughput and cost. Then, we took the Asbury Park Toll Plaza in New Jersey as an example to analyze its performance and further optimized the design of the toll plaza. Compared with the original design, the optimized toll plaza we designed is proved to be safer and preferable. Last but not least, we further analyzed the robustness of the designed toll plaza, proving that the designed toll plaza had a preferable performance in reality.

Early Warning Mechanism for the Surge of Passengers in Metro Systems Based on Automated Fare Collection Data: Case Study of Guangzhou, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (4) ◽  
pp. 917-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Huan ◽  
Enjian Yao ◽  
Binbin Li
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Passenger Flow ◽  
Early Warning Mechanism ◽  
Metro Systems

Recently, surges of passengers caused by large gatherings, temporary traffic control measures, or other abnormal events have frequently occurred in metro systems. From the standpoint of the operation managers, the available information about these outside events is incomplete or delayed. Unlike regular peaks of commuting, those unforeseen surges pose great challenges to emergency organization and safety management. This study aims to assist managers in monitoring passenger flow in an intelligent manner so as to react promptly. Compared with the high cost of deploying multisensors, the widely adopted automated fare collection (AFC) system provides an economical solution for inflow monitoring from the application point of view. In this paper, a comprehensive framework for the early warning mechanism is established, including four major phases: data acquisition, preprocessing, off-line modeling, and on-line detection. For each station, passengers’ tapping-on records are gathered in real time, to be further transformed into a dynamic time series of inflow volumes. Then, a sequence decomposition model is formulated to highlight the anomaly by removing its inherent disturbances. Furthermore, a novel hybrid anomaly detection method is developed to monitor the variation of passenger flow, in which the features of inflow patterns are fully considered. The proposed method is tested by a numerical experiment, along with a real-world case study of Guangzhou metro. The results show that, for most cases, the response time for detection is within 5 min, which makes the surge phenomenon observable at an early stage and reminds managers to make interventions appropriately.

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