Review and Perspective of Theories and Methods About Emergency Evacuation Plans for UMT Station

2013 ◽  
pp. 771-778
Author(s):  
Yashu Kang ◽  
Jie Xu ◽  
Limin Jia ◽  
Jianyuan Guo ◽  
Xin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Evacuation Plans

Wayfinding during a wildfire evacuation

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-265
Author(s):  
Micah L. Brachman ◽  
Richard Church ◽  
Benjamin Adams ◽  
Danielle Bassett
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Spatial Behavior ◽  
Statistical Hypothesis ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Evacuation Plans ◽  
Shortest Distance ◽  
Wildfire Evacuation

Purpose Emergency evacuation plans are often developed under the assumption that evacuees will use wayfinding strategies such as taking the shortest distance route to their nearest exit. The purpose of this paper is to analyze empirical data from a wildfire evacuation analyzed to determine whether evacuees took a shortest distance route to their nearest exit and to identify any alternate wayfinding strategies that they may have used. Design/methodology/approach The wildfire evacuation analysis presented in this paper is the outcome of a natural experiment. A post-fire online survey was conducted, which included an interactive map interface that allowed evacuees to identify the route that they took. The survey results were integrated with several additional data sets using a GIS. Network analysis was used to compare the routes selected by evacuees to their shortest distance routes, and statistical hypothesis testing was employed to identify the wayfinding strategies that may have been used. Findings The network analysis revealed that 31 percent of evacuees took a shortest distance route to their nearest exit. Hypothesis testing showed that evacuees selected routes that had significantly longer distances and travel times than the shortest distance routes, and indicated that factors such as the downhill slope percentage of routes and the elevation of exits may have impacted the wayfinding process. Research limitations/implications This research is best regarded as a spatiotemporal snapshot of wayfinding behavior during a single wildfire evacuation, but could inspire additional research to establish more generalizable results. Practical implications This research may help emergency managers develop more effective wildfire evacuation plans. Originality/value This research presents an analysis of an original data set that contributes to the broader body of scientific knowledge on wayfinding and spatial behavior during emergency evacuations.

Simulation-Based Emergency Evacuation System for Ocean City, Maryland, during Hurricanes

2005 ◽  
Vol 1922 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Zou ◽  
Shu-Ta Yeh ◽  
Gang-Len Chang ◽  
Alvin Marquess ◽  
Michael Zezeski
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Evacuation Plans ◽  
Time Operation ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Real Time Operation ◽  
Ocean City ◽  
Optimization And Simulation ◽  
Operational Constraints ◽  
Model Features

This paper presents a simulation-based system for Ocean City, Maryland, evacuation during hurricanes. The proposed model features integration of optimization and simulation that allows potential users to revise the optimized plan for both planning and real-time operations. Since it is difficult to capture all network operational constraints and driver responses fully with mathematical formulations, six evacuation plans for Ocean City were investigated. Each was optimized initially with the optimization module and then revised on the basis of the results of simulation evaluation. To address potential incidents during the evacuation, the study presents a real-time operation plan with a developed system that allows the responsible operators to concurrently evaluate all candidate responsive strategies and to track the performance over time of the implemented strategy.

Reflection on Lessons Learned: An Analysis of the Adverse Outcomes Observed During the Hurricane Rita Evacuation

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Baker
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Public Health Preparedness ◽  
Us History ◽  
Hurricane Rita ◽  
Evacuation Plans ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Mass Evacuation

AbstractIn September 2005, nearly 3.7 million people evacuated the Texas coastline in advance of Hurricane Rita’s landfall, making the event the largest emergency evacuation in US history. The Rita evacuation underscored the importance of planning for domestic mass-evacuation events, as the evacuation itself led to over 100 of the at least 119 deaths attributed to the storm. In the days preceding Rita’s landfall, several cascading, interrelated circumstances precipitated such adverse outcomes. This article explores the series of events leading up to the evacuation’s poor outcomes, the response following Rita to amend evacuation plans, and how Texas successfully implemented these changes during later storms to achieve better outcomes. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:115–120)

scholarly journals Tsunami evacuation times and routes to safe zones: a GIS-based approach to tsunami evacuation planning on the island of Stromboli, Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmie M. Bonilauri ◽  
Andrew J. L. Harris ◽  
Julie Morin ◽  
Maurizio Ripepe ◽  
Domenico Mangione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Risk Zone ◽  
Building Evacuation ◽  
Mapping Tool ◽  
Evacuation Plans ◽  
High Level ◽  
Initial Interviews ◽  
Safe Zones

AbstractWhile a landslide at the volcanic island of Stromboli (Aeolian Islands, Italy) in December 2002 created a tsunami with a run-up of 10.9 m, two paroxysmal eruptions in the summer of 2019 caused a tsunami with an amplitude of 40 to 20 cm. All three events required rapid, spontaneous emergency evacuations of the beach zone as the time between tsunami generation and impact is around 4 min. These conditions thus require a special consideration of the issue of evacuation capabilities on the island in the event of a volcanogenic tsunami. The purpose of this paper is thus to (i) determine pedestrian evacuation times from high-risk coastal areas to safe zones, (ii) to assess building evacuation ease, and (iii) determine emergency evacuation plans (for buildings and coastal zones). For this purpose, we created a GIS-based risk analysis/mapping tool that also allowed macroscopic evacuation modelling. In our case, the high-risk zone to be evacuated involves an area extending to 10 m a.s.l. and involving 123 individual buildings over an area of 0.18 km2. The results show that 33% of the buildings can be evacuated in 4 min, and that a 10-min warning time is required for a complete and well-distributed evacuation whereby the population is evenly distributed between all evacuation exits to avoid the potential for congestion. Initial interviews of residents in the at-risk zone reveal a high level of awareness and a desire for personalized evacuation scenarios.

scholarly journals INTEGRATION OF GIS AND BIM FOR INDOOR GEOVISUAL ANALYTICS

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B2 ◽  
pp. 455-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Wu ◽  
S. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Test Site ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Evacuation Plans ◽  
Geovisual Analytics

This paper presents an endeavour of integration of GIS (Geographical Information System) and BIM (Building Information Modelling) for indoor geovisual analytics. The merits of two types of technologies, GIS and BIM are firstly analysed in the context of indoor environment. GIS has well-developed capabilities of spatial analysis such as network analysis, while BIM has the advantages for indoor 3D modelling and dynamic simulation. This paper firstly investigates the important aspects for integrating GIS and BIM. Different data standards and formats such as the IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) and GML (Geography Markup Language) are discussed. Their merits and limitations in data transformation between GIS and BIM are analysed in terms of semantic and geometric information. An optimized approach for data exchange between GIS and BIM datasets is then proposed. After that, a strategy of using BIM for 3D indoor modelling, GIS for spatial analysis, and BIM again for visualization and dynamic simulation of the analysis results is presented. Based on the developments, this paper selects a typical problem, optimized indoor emergency evacuation, to demonstrate the integration of GIS and BIM for indoor geovisual analytics. The block Z of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University is selected as a test site. Detailed indoor and outdoor 3D models of the block Z are created using a BIM software Revit. The 3D models are transferred to a GIS software ArcGIS to carry out spatial analysis. Optimized evacuation plans considering dynamic constraints are generated based on network analysis in ArcGIS assuming there is a fire accident inside the building. The analysis results are then transferred back to BIM software for visualization and dynamic simulation. The developed methods and results are of significance to facilitate future development of GIS and BIM integrated solutions in various applications.

scholarly journals A distributed architecture for real-time evacuation guidance in large smart buildings

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marin Lujak ◽  
Holger Billhardt ◽  
Jürgen Dunkel ◽  
Alberto Fernández ◽  
Ramón Hermoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Coordination Problem ◽  
Smart Buildings ◽  
Building Evacuation ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Evacuation Plans ◽  
Route Coordination ◽  
Evacuation Route

In this paper, we consider the route coordination problem in emergency evacuation of large smart buildings. The building evacuation time is crucial in saving lives in emergency situations caused by imminent natural or man-made threats and disasters. Conventional approaches to evacuation route coordination are static and predefined. They rely on evacuation plans present only at a limited number of building locations and possibly a trained evacuation personnel to resolve unexpected contingencies. Smart buildings today are equipped with sensory infrastructure that can be used for an autonomous situation-aware evacuation guidance optimized in real time. A system providing such a guidance can help in avoiding additional evacuation casualties due to the flaws of the conventional evacuation approaches. Such a system should be robust and scalable to dynamically adapt to the number of evacuees and the size and safety conditions of a building. In this respect, we propose a distributed route recommender architecture for situation-aware evacuation guidance in smart buildings and describe its key modules in detail. We give an example of its functioning dynamics on a use case.

scholarly journals Optimization and Planning of Emergency Evacuation Routes Considering Traffic Control

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Li ◽  
Lijun Zhang ◽  
Zhaohua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Source Node ◽  
Evacuation Plans ◽  
Evacuation Routes

Emergencies, especially major ones, happen fast, randomly, as well as unpredictably, and generally will bring great harm to people’s life and the economy. Therefore, governments and lots of professionals devote themselves to taking effective measures and providing optimal evacuation plans. This paper establishes two different emergency evacuation models on the basis of the maximum flow model (MFM) and the minimum-cost maximum flow model (MC-MFM), and proposes corresponding algorithms for the evacuation from one source node to one designated destination (one-to-one evacuation). Ulteriorly, we extend our evaluation model from one source node to many designated destinations (one-to-many evacuation). At last, we make case analysis of evacuation optimization and planning in Beijing, and obtain the desired evacuation routes and effective traffic control measures from the perspective of sufficiency and practicability. Both analytical and numerical results support that our models are feasible and practical.

scholarly journals Simulation of Passenger Evacuation Process in Cruise Ships Based on A Multi-Grid Model

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Hu ◽  
Wei Cai ◽  
Haiou Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Walking Speed ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Cruise Ship ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Grid Model ◽  
Cruise Ships ◽  
Evacuation Plans ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Space Layout ◽  
The Relationship

The evacuation of the cruise ship is directly related to the safety of passengers during accidents. The method for avoiding and reducing casualties in accidents has become a research frontier of maritime safety. This paper presents the simulation of a passenger evacuation process using a multi-grid model. In the model, directions of passengers’ movement are extended and the relationship between passengers’ orientation and the walking speed under the inclining condition is also analyzed in detail. Considering the space layout, the attraction of the mainstream crowd and exclusion between individuals, the probability of passengers’ transfer between grids is established. The deck of the cruise ship is taken as the evacuation scenario and four parameters are defined for the scenario according to International Maritime Organization (IMO) guidelines. The process of evacuation in the cruise ship is simulated under upright and inclining conditions. Through the analysis of simulation results, evacuation bottleneck data and the relation between inclined angles and evacuation time are obtained. This work may provide a reference for formulating emergency evacuation plans for cruise ships.

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