scholarly journals Drug Resistance Mechanisms ofMycoplasma pneumoniaeto Macrolide Antibiotics

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xijie Liu ◽  
Yue Jiang ◽  
Xiaogeng Chen ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Dawei Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Macrolide Antibiotics ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Site Mutation ◽  
23S Rrna Gene ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Domain V ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

Throat swabs from children with suspectedMycoplasma pneumoniae(M. pneumoniae) infection were cultured for the presence ofM. pneumoniaeand its species specificity using the 16S rRNA gene. Seventy-sixM. pneumoniaestrains isolated from 580 swabs showed that 70 were erythromycin resistant with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) around 32–512 mg/L. FiftyM. pneumoniaestrains (46 resistant, 4 sensitive) were tested for sensitivity to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin. Tetracycline and ciprofloxacin had some effect, and gentamicin had an effect on the majority ofM. pneumoniaestrains. Domains II and V of the 23S rRNA gene and the ribosomal protein L4 and L22 genes, both of which are considered to be associated with macrolide resistance, were sequenced and the sequences were compared with the corresponding sequences in M129 registered with NCBI and the FH strain. The 70 resistant strains all showed a 2063 or 2064 site mutation in domain V of the 23S rRNA but no mutations in domain II. Site mutations of L4 or L22 can be observed in either resistant or sensitive strains, although it is not known whether this is associated with drug resistance.

scholarly journals Macrolide-Resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Adults in Zhejiang, China

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 1048-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zibo Zhou ◽  
Xiangzhi Li ◽  
Xiaojian Chen ◽  
Fangjun Luo ◽  
Changwang Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Type I ◽  
Content Type ◽  
23S Rrna Gene ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Domain V

ABSTRACTMycoplasma pneumoniaeis a major pathogen causing community-acquired pneumoniae (CAP), which is generally treated with macrolides. In recent years, however, although macrolide-resistantM. pneumoniaehas been reported frequently, particularly in China, very little is known about the prevalence of macrolide-resistantM. pneumoniaeinfection in adults. In this study, we survey the macrolide-resistantM. pneumoniaein adults in Zhejiang province and characterize the mechanisms of resistance to macrolide. Six hundred fifty throat swab samples were collected from adult patients with CAP from January 2012 to August 2014. These samples were assayed by nested PCR and then cultivated forM. pneumoniae. All isolates were sequenced to determine the mutation in domain V of the 23S rRNA gene. The activities of 10 antibiotics against macrolide-resistantM. pneumoniaeisolates were also investigatedin vitro. Moreover, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the amplified P1 gene was used to type 50 resistant strains. One hundred percent (71/71) ofM. pneumoniaestrains isolated from adults with CAP were resistant to erythromycin (MIC = 128 to >256 μg/ml), clarithromycin (MIC = 128 to >256 μg/ml), and azithromycin (MIC = 32 to >64 μg/ml). Furthermore, all macrolide-resistantM. pneumoniaestrains identified had an A2063G mutation in domain V of the 23S rRNA gene. Forty-six resistant strains (92.0%) were classified into type I strain on the basis of P1 gene PCR-RFLP analysis. According to these findings, it is suggested that macrolide-resistantM. pneumoniaeinfection is very prevalence among adults in Zhejiang province. Thus, there is necessary to perform the epidemiological monitoring of macrolide-resistantM. pneumoniaein the future.

scholarly journals Detection of Macrolide Resistance in Mycoplasma pneumoniae by Real-Time PCR and High-Resolution Melt Analysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 3542-3549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard J. Wolff ◽  
W. Lanier Thacker ◽  
Stephanie B. Schwartz ◽  
Jonas M. Winchell
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Macrolide Resistance ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
High Resolution Melt ◽  
23S Rrna Gene ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
V Region ◽  
Domain V

ABSTRACT Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a significant cause of community-acquired pneumonia, which is often empirically treated with macrolides or azalides such as erythromycin or azithromycin. Recent studies have discovered the existence of macrolide-resistant strains within the population that have been mapped to mutations within the domain V region of the 23S rRNA gene. Currently, identification of these resistant strains relies on time-consuming and labor-intensive procedures such as restriction fragment length polymorphism, MIC studies, and sequence analysis. The current study reports two distinct real-time PCR assays that can detect the A2063G or A2064G base mutation (A2058G or A2059G by Escherichia coli numbering) conferring macrolide resistance. By subjecting the amplicon of the targeted domain V region of the 23S rRNA gene to a high-resolution melt curve analysis, macrolide-resistant strains can quickly be separated from susceptible strains. Utilizing this method, we screened 100 clinical isolates and found 5 strains to possess mutations conferring resistance. These findings were concordant with both sequencing and MIC data. This procedure was also used successfully to identify both susceptible and resistant genotypes in 23 patient specimens. These patient specimens tested positive for the presence of M. pneumoniae by a separate real-time PCR assay, although the bacteria could not be isolated by culture. This is the first report of a real-time PCR assay capable of detecting the dominant mutations that confer macrolide resistance on M. pneumoniae, and these assays may have utility in detecting resistant strains of other infectious agents. These assays may also allow for clinicians to select appropriate treatment options more rapidly and may provide a convenient method to conduct surveillance for genetic mutations conferring antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Molecular Basis of Macrolide Resistance inCampylobacterStrains Isolated from Poultry in South Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bai Wei ◽  
Min Kang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Macrolide Resistance ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
23S Rrna Gene ◽  
Ribosomal Protein L22 ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Azithromycin Resistance

We investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying macrolide resistance in 38 strains ofCampylobacterisolated from poultry. Twenty-seven strains were resistant to azithromycin and erythromycin, five showed intermediate azithromycin resistance and erythromycin susceptibility, and six showed azithromycin resistance and erythromycin susceptibility. FourCampylobacter jejuniand sixCampylobacter colistrains had azithromycin MICs which were 8–16 and 2–8-fold greater than those of erythromycin, respectively. The A2075G mutation in the 23S rRNA gene was detected in 11 resistant strains with MICs ranging from 64 to ≥ 512μg/mL. Mutations including V137A, V137S, and a six-amino acid insertion (114-VAKKAP-115) in ribosomal protein L22 were detected in theC. jejunistrains. Erythromycin ribosome methylase B-erm(B) was not detected in any strain. All strains except three showed increased susceptibility to erythromycin with twofold to 256-fold MIC change in the presence of phenylalanine arginine ß-naphthylamide (PAßN); the effects of PAßN on azithromycin MICs were limited in comparison to those on erythromycin MICs, and 13 strains showed no azithromycin MIC change in the presence of PAßN. Differences between azithromycin and erythromycin resistance and macrolide resistance phenotypes and genotypes were observed even in highly resistant strains. Further studies are required to better understand macrolide resistance inCampylobacter.

scholarly journals Molecular Identification ofMycobacteriumSpecies of Public Health and Veterinary Importance from Cattle in the South State of México

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Zaragoza Bastida ◽  
Nallely Rivero Pérez ◽  
Benjamín Valladares Carranza ◽  
Keila Isaac-Olivé ◽  
Pablo Moreno Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The South ◽  
23S Rrna Gene ◽  
Veterinary Importance ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

Mycobacteriumgenus causes a variety of zoonotic diseases. The best known example is the zoonotic tuberculosis due toM. bovis. Much less is known about “nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM),” which are also associated with infections in humans. The Mexican standard NOM-ZOO-031-1995 regulates the presence ofM. bovisin cattle; however, no regulation exists for the NTM species. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify nontuberculous mycobacteria species from cattle of local herds in the south region of the State of Mexico through the identification and detection of the 100 bp molecular marker in the 23S rRNA gene with subsequent sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Milk samples (35) and nasal exudate samples (68) were collected. From the 108 strains isolated, 39 were selected for identification. Thirteen strains isolated from nasal exudates amplified the 100 bp molecular marker and were identified asM. neoaurum(six strains),M. parafortuitum(four strains),M. moriokaense(two strains), andM. confluentis(one strain). ExceptM. parafortuitum, the other species identified are of public health and veterinary concern because they are pathogenic to humans, especially those with underlying medical conditions.

Identification of a Novel Mutation Affecting Domain V of the 23S rRNA Gene inHelicobacter pylori

Helicobacter ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 396-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Toracchio ◽  
Gitana M. Aceto ◽  
Renato Mariani-Costantini ◽  
Pasquale Battista ◽  
Leonardo Marzio
Keyword(s):  
Novel Mutation ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
23S Rrna Gene ◽  
Domain V

scholarly journals Two New Point Mutations at A2062 Associated with Resistance to 16-Membered Macrolide Antibiotics in Mutant Strains ofMycoplasma hominis

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 2958-2960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pio Maria Furneri ◽  
Giancarlo Rappazzo ◽  
Maria Pia Musumarra ◽  
Patrizia Di Pietro ◽  
Lucrezia S. Catania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Macrolide Antibiotics ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
In Vitro Exposure ◽  
Mutant Strains ◽  
23S Rrna Gene

ABSTRACT We describe two mutants of Mycoplasma hominis PG-21 which show resistance to 16-membered macrolides but susceptibility to lincosamides, obtained by in vitro exposure to increasing doses of josamycin. The 23S rRNA gene showed that each had a mutation (A2062G and A2062T) corresponding to nucleotide 2062 in Escherichia coli, which was associated with the acquired phenotype.

scholarly journals Reassessment of the phylogenetic relationships of Thiomonas cuprina

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 2720-2724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donovan P. Kelly ◽  
Yoshihito Uchino ◽  
Harald Huber ◽  
Ricardo Amils ◽  
Ann P. Wood
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Significant Similarity ◽  
23S Rrna Gene ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

The published sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of Thiomonas cuprina strain Hö5 (=DSM 5495T) (GenBank accession no. U67162) was found to be erroneous. The 16S rRNA genes from the type strain held by the DSMZ since 1990 (DSM 5495T =NBRC 102145T) and strain Hö5 maintained frozen in the Universität Regensburg for 23 years (=NBRC 102094) were sequenced and found to be identical, but to show no significant similarity to the U67162 sequence. This also casts some doubt on the previously published 5S and 23S rRNA gene sequences (GenBank accession nos U67171 and X75567). The correct 16S rRNA gene sequence showed 99.8 % identity to those from Thiomonas delicata NBRC 14566T and ‘Thiomonas arsenivorans’ DSM 16361. The properties of these three species are re-evaluated, and emended descriptions are provided for the genus Thiomonas and the species Thiomonas cuprina.

scholarly journals Relationship between the severity of acne vulgaris and antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from acne lesions in a hospital in Japan

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 721-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Nakase ◽  
Hidemasa Nakaminami ◽  
Yuko Takenaka ◽  
Nobukazu Hayashi ◽  
Makoto Kawashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Severe Acne ◽  
23S Rrna Gene

Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis are normal skin inhabitants that are frequently isolated from lesions caused by acne, and these micro-organisms are considered to contribute to the inflammation of acne. In the present study, we examined the antimicrobial susceptibilities and resistance mechanisms of P. acnes and S. epidermidis isolated from patients with acne vulgaris in a university hospital in Japan from 2009 to 2010. Additionally, we analysed the relationship between the antimicrobial resistance of P. acnes and the severity of acne vulgaris. Some P. acnes strains (18.8 %; 13/69) were resistant to clindamycin. All strains had a mutation in the 23S rRNA gene, except for one strain that expressed erm(X) encoding a 23S rRNA methylase. Tetracycline-resistant P. acnes strains were found to represent 4.3 % (3/69) of the strains, and this resistance was caused by a mutation in the 16S rRNA gene. Furthermore, three strains with reduced susceptibility to nadifloxacin (MIC = 16 µg ml−1) were detected. When analysing the correlation between the antimicrobial resistance of P. acnes and S. epidermidis, more than 80 % of the patients who carried clindamycin-resistant P. acnes also carried clindamycin-resistant S. epidermidis. However, no epidemic strain that exhibited antimicrobial resistance was detected in the P. acnes strains when analysed by PFGE. Therefore, our results suggest that the antimicrobial resistance of P. acnes is closely related to antimicrobial therapy. Additionally, those P. acnes strains tended to be frequently found in severe acne patients rather than in mild acne patients. Consequently, the data support a relationship between using antimicrobial agents and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Emergence of Macrolide-Resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae with a 23S rRNA Gene Mutation

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 2302-2306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miyuki Morozumi ◽  
Keiko Hasegawa ◽  
Reiko Kobayashi ◽  
Nagako Inoue ◽  
Satoshi Iwata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Acute Bronchitis ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
23S Rrna Gene ◽  
Pediatric Outpatients ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Domain V ◽  
Epidemiol Infect

ABSTRACT A total of 195 Mycoplasma pneumoniae strains were isolated from 2,462 clinical specimens collected between April 2002 and March 2004 from pediatric outpatients with respiratory tract infections. Susceptibilities to six macrolide antibiotics (ML), telithromycin, minocycline, levofloxacin, and sitafloxacin were determined by the microdilution method using PPLO broth. A total of 183 M. pneumoniae isolates were susceptible to all agents and had excellent MIC90s in the following order: 0.00195 μg/ml for azithromycin and telithromycin, 0.0078 μg/ml for clarithromycin, 0.0156 μg/ml for erythromycin, 0.0625 μg/ml for sitafloxacin, 0.5 μg/ml for minocycline, and 1 μg/ml for levofloxacin. Notably, 12 ML-resistant M. pneumoniae strains were isolated from patients with pneumonia (10 strains) or acute bronchitis (2 strains). These strains showed resistance to ML with MICs of ≥1 μg/ml, except to rokitamycin. Transition mutations of A2063G or A2064G, which correspond to A2058 and A2059 in Escherichia coli, in domain V on the 23S rRNA gene in 11 ML-resistant strains were identified. By pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing, these strains were classified into groups I and Vb, as described previously (A. Cousin-Allery, A. Charron, B. D. Barbeyrac, G. Fremy, J. S. Jensen, H. Renaudin, and C. Bebear, Epidemiol. Infect. 124:103-111, 2000). These findings suggest that excessive usage of MLs acts as a trigger to select mutations on the corresponding 23S rRNA gene with the resultant occurrence of ML-resistant M. pneumoniae. Monitoring ML susceptibilities for M. pneumoniae is necessary in the future.

Novel Genotypes in Helicobacter pylori Involving Domain V of the 23S rRNA Gene

Helicobacter ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Garrido ◽  
Hector Toledo
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
23S Rrna Gene ◽  
Domain V
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