Behavioral Adjustments by a Small Neotropical Primate (Callithrix jacchus) in a Semiarid Caatinga Environment

We provide the first information on the behavior of a small primate (Callithrix jacchus) inhabiting a semiarid Caatinga environment in northeastern Brazil. We observed behavioral variations in response to temperature fluctuation throughout the day. Due to the high temperatures, low precipitation, and resource scarcity in the Caatinga, as well as the lack of physiological adaptations (e.g., a highly concentrated urine and a carotid rete to cool down the brain) of these primates, we expected that the common marmosets would exhibit behavioral adjustments, such as a prolonged resting period or the use of a large home range. During the six-month period, we collected 246 hours of behavioral data of two groups (10 individuals) ofCallithrix jacchus. Most of the observed behavioral patterns were influenced by temperature fluctuation. Animals rested longer and reduced other activities, such as foraging, when temperatures were higher. Both study groups exploited home ranges of 2.21–3.26 ha, which is within the range described for common marmosets inhabiting the Atlantic Forest. Our findings confirm that common marmosets inhabiting the Caatinga adjust their behavioral patterns to cope with the high temperatures that characterize this environment and highlight their ability to survive across a wide range of different environmental conditions.

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Trait variation and trait stability in common marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus) inhabiting ecologically distinct habitats in northeastern Brazil

American Journal of Primatology ◽

10.1002/ajp.23018 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 81 (7) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Paul A. Garber ◽

Christini B. Caselli ◽

Anna C. McKenney ◽

Filipa Abreu ◽

Maria Fernanda Fuente ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Callithrix Jacchus ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Trait Variation ◽

Common Marmosets ◽

Trait Stability

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Common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) as a primate model of dengue virus infection: development of high levels of viraemia and demonstration of protective immunity

Journal of General Virology ◽

10.1099/vir.0.031229-0 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 92 (10) ◽

pp. 2272-2280 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Tsutomu Omatsu ◽

Meng Ling Moi ◽

Takanori Hirayama ◽

Tomohiko Takasaki ◽

Shinichiro Nakamura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dengue Virus ◽

Secondary Infection ◽

Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Callithrix Jacchus ◽

Lymphoid Organs ◽

Structural Protein ◽

Primate Model ◽

Common Marmosets ◽

Wide Range

Dengue virus (DENV) causes a wide range of illnesses in humans: dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Animal models that constantly develop high levels of viraemia are required for the development of protective and preventive measures. Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) demonstrated high levels of viraemia after inoculation with clinical isolates of four serotypes of DENV; in particular, over 106 genome copies ml−1 after inoculation with DENV-2. Non-structural protein 1 and DENV-specific IgM and IgG antibodies were consistently detected. The DENV-2 genome was detected in lymphoid organs including the lymph nodes, spleen and thymus, and also in non-lymphoid organs. DENV antigen was detected by immunohistochemistry in the liver and spleen from inoculated marmosets. Four marmosets were reinoculated with DENV-2 at 33 weeks after primary inoculation with DENV-2. The DENV-2 genome was not detected in any of these marmosets, indicating protection from a secondary infection. The results indicate that common marmosets are highly sensitive to DENV infection, and suggest that marmosets could be a reliable primate model for the evaluation of candidate vaccines.

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Bifidobacterium aesculapii sp. nov., from the faeces of the baby common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY ◽

10.1099/ijs.0.056937-0 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 64 (Pt_8) ◽

pp. 2819-2827 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

M. Modesto ◽

S. Michelini ◽

I. Stefanini ◽

A. Ferrara ◽

S. Tacconi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

16S Rrna ◽

Type Species ◽

Callithrix Jacchus ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Positive Staining ◽

Gene Sequences ◽

Common Marmosets ◽

Content Type ◽

Link Type ◽

Wide Range

Six Gram-positive-staining, microaerophilic, non-spore-forming, fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive bacterial strains with a peculiar morphology were isolated from faecal samples of baby common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Cells of these strains showed a morphology not reported previously for a bifidobacterial species, which resembled a coiled snake, always coiled or ring shaped or forming a ‘Y’ shape. Strains MRM 3/1T and MRM 4/2 were chosen as representative strains and characterized further. The bacteria utilized a wide range of carbohydrates and produced urease. Glucose was fermented to acetate and lactate. Strain MRM 3/1T showed a peptidoglycan type unique among members of the genus Bifidobacterium . The DNA base composition was 64.7 mol% G+C. Almost-complete 16S rRNA, hsp60, clpC and rpoB gene sequences were obtained and phylogenetic relationships were determined. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains MRM 3/1T and MRM 4/2 had the highest similarities to Bifidobacterium scardovii DSM 13734T (94.6 %) and Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T (94.5 %). Analysis of hsp60 showed that both strains were closely related to B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T (97.5 % similarity); however, despite this high degree of similarity, our isolates could be distinguished from B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T by low levels of DNA–DNA relatedness (30.4 % with MRM 3/1T). Strains MRM 3/1T and MRM 4/2 were located in an actinobacterial cluster and were more closely related to the genus Bifidobacterium than to other genera in the family Bifidobacteriaceae . On the basis of these results, strains MRM 3/1T and MRM 4/2 represent a novel species within the genus Bifidobacterium , for which the name Bifidobacterium aesculapii sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is MRM 3/1T ( = DSM 26737T = JCM 18761T).

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Home Range, Diet, and Activity Patterns of Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) in Very Small and Isolated Fragments of the Atlantic Forest of Northeastern Brazil

International Journal of Ecology ◽

10.1155/2015/685816 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Herbert Leonardo Nascimento Pinheiro ◽

Antonio Rossano Mendes Pontes

Keyword(s):

Home Range ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Home Ranges ◽

Forest Fragments ◽

Daily Path Length ◽

Common Marmosets ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

The Impact

We evaluate the impact of very small and isolated forest fragments on the common marmosets home range, diet, and activity patterns, in the northeastern Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Three groups were studied in three forest fragments, from January to October 2010, totaling 360 hours of observations and 1,080 field-hours. Systematic observations were recorded using Instantaneous Scan Sampling, and a checklist of the items exploited was built throughad libitumobservations. We recorded location of the groups and calculated home range. We recorded 11,639 scans and 236ad libitumfeeding records. 83.4% (n=10) of food items were plant species, the only animal protein was from insects (n=2; 16.6%), and the diet was based almost exclusively on gums. Mean home range was 5.5 ha, mean daily path length was 1,167 meters, and no differences were detected between seasons. Resting dominated their activity budget and varied between seasons. Common marmosets survived in this environment through a remarkable increase in their exploitation of tree gums (up to 98% of their feeding bouts) to compensate for the lack of food, in home ranges slightly larger than in the literature. Thus, they travelled and foraged less than expected and rested more since food was easily obtained.

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Common marmosets Callithrix jacchus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Primates: Cebidae: Callitrichinae) in an urban mangrove: behavioral ecology and environmental influences

Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Ciências Naturais ◽

10.46357/bcnaturais.v15i3.219 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 617-632

Author(s):

Juliana Ribeiro de Albuquerque ◽

Maria Adélia Borstelmann de Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Ecology ◽

Human Population ◽

Common Marmoset ◽

Domestic Animals ◽

Callithrix Jacchus ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Behavioral Repertoire ◽

Common Marmosets ◽

Mangrove Area ◽

The Common

The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a primate found in urban forests and in high density of human population sites, however there is insufficient informations about its behavior in mangroves. One group of marmosets was monitored in the Espaço Ciência museum, in the state of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil, located in a mangrove area that has been deforested for years, but has a few remaining fragments. We used scan sampling and all occurrences methods for behavioral data collection, between September 2012 and February 2013. Moving was the most frequent behavior, occupying 24.4% of the behavioral repertoire and human-provided food made up 52% of their diet. The group of marmosets interacted with people, wild and domestic animals and objects introduced by humans, such as buckets and nets for collecting organic material belonging to other research projects. While the urban environment offered conditions for group establishment in the study area, the inclusion of human foods in the diet and the relation of the marmosets with various abiotic and biotic components of the landscape endanger the health and survival, and that of other animals and people involved in the interactions.

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