Chicken Embryos as a Potential New Model for Early Onset Type I Diabetes

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness among the American working population. The purpose of this study is to establish a new diabetic animal model using a cone-dominant avian species to address the distorted color vision and altered cone pathway responses in prediabetic and early diabetic patients. Chicken embryos were injected with either streptozotocin (STZ), high concentration of glucose (high-glucose), or vehicle at embryonic day 11. Cataracts occurred in varying degrees in both STZ- and high glucose-induced diabetic chick embryos at E18. Streptozotocin-diabetic chicken embryos had decreased levels of blood insulin, glucose transporter 4 (Glut4), and phosphorylated protein kinase B (pAKT). In STZ-injected E20 embryos, the ERG amplitudes of both a- and b-waves were significantly decreased, the implicit time of the a-wave was delayed, while that of the b-wave was significantly increased. Photoreceptors cultured from STZ-injected E18 embryos had a significant decrease in L-type voltage-gated calcium channel (L-VGCC) currents, which was reflected in the decreased level of L-VGCCα1D subunit in the STZ-diabetic retinas. Through these independent lines of evidence, STZ-injection was able to induce pathological conditions in the chicken embryonic retina, and it is promising to use chickens as a potential new animal model for type I diabetes.

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Stem Cell-Based Therapies: A New Ray of Hope for Diabetic Patients

Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy ◽

10.2174/1574888x13666181002154110 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 146-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Junaid Khan ◽

Amit Alexander ◽

Mukta Agrawal ◽

Ajazuddin ◽

Sunil Kumar Dubey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Drug Therapy ◽

Type I Diabetes ◽

Embryonic Stem ◽

Health Concern ◽

Future Research ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Successful Implementation ◽

Type I

Diabetes and its complications are a significant health concern throughout the globe. There are physiological differences in the mechanism of type-I and type-II diabetes and the conventional drug therapy as well as insulin administration seem to be insufficient to address the problem at large successfully. Hypoglycemic swings, frequent dose adjustments and resistance to the drug are major problems associated with drug therapy. Cellular approaches through stem cell based therapeutic interventions offer a promising solution to the problem. The need for pancreatic transplants in case of Type- I diabetes can also be by-passed/reduced due to the formation of insulin producing β cells via stem cells. Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) and induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs), successfully used for generating insulin producing β cells. Although many experiments have shown promising results with stem cells in vitro, their clinical testing still needs more exploration. The review attempts to bring into light the clinical studies favoring the transplantation of stem cells in diabetic patients with an objective of improving insulin secretion and improving degeneration of different tissues in response to diabetes. It also focuses on the problems associated with successful implementation of the technique and possible directions for future research.

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Adaptive Laboratory Evolution for Multistress Tolerance, including Fermentability at High Glucose Concentrations in Thermotolerant Candida tropicalis

Energies ◽

10.3390/en15020561 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 561

Author(s):

Koudkeo Phommachan ◽

Chansom Keo-oudone ◽

Mochamad Nurcholis ◽

Nookhao Vongvilaisak ◽

Mingkhuan Chanhming ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Temperatures ◽

Candida Tropicalis ◽

High Glucose ◽

Glucose Transporter ◽

Major Facilitator Superfamily ◽

Cellulosic Biomass ◽

High Concentration ◽

Adaptive Laboratory Evolution ◽

Membrane Spanning ◽

Major Facilitator

Candida tropicalis, a xylose-fermenting yeast, has the potential for converting cellulosic biomass to ethanol. Thermotolerant C. tropicalis X-17, which was isolated in Laos, was subjected to repetitive long-term cultivation with a gradual increase in temperature (RLCGT) in the presence of a high concentration of glucose, which exposed cells to various stresses in addition to the high concentration of glucose and high temperatures. The resultant adapted strain demonstrated increased tolerance to ethanol, furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural at high temperatures and displayed improvement in fermentation ability at high glucose concentrations and xylose-fermenting ability. Transcriptome analysis revealed the up-regulation of a gene for a glucose transporter of the major facilitator superfamily and genes for stress response and cell wall proteins. Additionally, hydropathy analysis revealed that three genes for putative membrane proteins with multiple membrane-spanning segments were also up-regulated. From these findings, it can be inferred that the up-regulation of genes, including the gene for a glucose transporter, is responsible for the phenotype of the adaptive strain. This study revealed part of the mechanisms of fermentability at high glucose concentrations in C. tropicalis and the results of this study suggest that RLCGT is an effective procedure for improving multistress tolerance.

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A program to reduce onset distress in unselected type I diabetic patients: effects on psychological variables and metabolic control

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.0.1320580 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 132 (5) ◽

pp. 580-586 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

K Spiess ◽

G Sachs ◽

P Pietschmann ◽

R Prager

Keyword(s):

Patient Education ◽

Metabolic Control ◽

Type I Diabetes ◽

Intensive Treatment ◽

Medical Psychology ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type I ◽

Psychological Variables ◽

Reduction Program

Spiess K, Sachs G, Pietschmann P, Prager R. A program to reduce onset distress in unselected type I diabetic patients: effects on psychological variables and metabolic control. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;132:580–6. ISSN 0804–4643 This paper reports the results of a prospective controlled trial of a program addressing reduction of onset distress and better future adaptation in adults who were enrolled at the time of diagnosis of type I diabetes mellitus. Patients were assigned randomly to either standard intensive treatment and patient education with the distress reduction program (N = 10) or to standard intensive treatment and patient education without this program (N = 13). Prospective follow-up of patients with multiple validated measures of treatment outcome showed less anxious coping behavior, less depression and less denial at the 9-month follow-up and less denial at the 15-month follow-up in the group with the distress reduction program, but no differences in metabolic control between the two groups at any time. We conclude that our program has a positive impact on the crisis at diabetes onset; the lower denial in the treatment group may lead to improved regimen adherence in the long term. Klaus Spiess, Institute of Medical Psychology, University of Vienna, Severingasse 9, A-1090-Vienna, Austria

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Calcium Homeostasis in Ventricular Myocytes of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2020/1942086 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Lina T. Al Kury

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Cardiomyopathy ◽

Contractile Function ◽

Type I Diabetes ◽

Heart Function ◽

Diabetic Rat ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type I ◽

High Blood Glucose ◽

Cardiac Contractile

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder commonly characterized by high blood glucose levels, resulting from defects in insulin production or insulin resistance, or both. DM is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, with diabetic cardiomyopathy as one of its main complications. It is well established that cardiovascular complications are common in both types of diabetes. Electrical and mechanical problems, resulting in cardiac contractile dysfunction, are considered as the major complications present in diabetic hearts. Inevitably, disturbances in the mechanism(s) of Ca2+ signaling in diabetes have implications for cardiac myocyte contraction. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in outlining the mechanisms responsible for the diminished cardiac contractile function in diabetes using different animal models of type I diabetes mellitus (TIDM) and type II diabetes mellitus (TIIDM). The aim of this review is to evaluate our current understanding of the disturbances of Ca2+ transport and the role of main cardiac proteins involved in Ca2+ homeostasis in the diabetic rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. Exploring the molecular mechanism(s) of altered Ca2+ signaling in diabetes will provide an insight for the identification of novel therapeutic approaches to improve the heart function in diabetic patients.

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Vitreoretinal Surgery in Diabetic Patients on Hemodialysis

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/112067219700700314 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 283-287 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J. Nawrocki ◽

W. Chrzanowski ◽

D. Koch ◽

K. Dziegielewski

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Pars Plana Vitrectomy ◽

Silicone Oil ◽

Type I Diabetes ◽

Vitreoretinal Surgery ◽

Final Visual Acuity ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type I ◽

First Results ◽

Pars Plana

The present paper reports our first results after pars plana vitrectomy in patients with diabetic retinopathy and hemodialysis with a follow-up of 6 to 24 months. Between January 1992 and October 1994 we performed vitreoretinal surgery with silicone oil tamponade in nine eyes of seven patients with diabetic nephropathy on hemodialysis. All patients had had type I diabetes for 19–32 years. Over the observation period the retina was completely attached in eight eyes. Final visual acuity of 0.1 - 0.7 was attained in four eyes, 0.06 two, hand movements in one eye. Two eyes had no useful final visual acuity because of redetachment of the retina or secondary glaucoma with rubeosis iridis. The small number of complications shows that pars plana vitrectomy can be done in diabetic patients with nephropathy on hemodialysis. This significantly improves their quality of life

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Carvedilol and antioxidant proteins in a type I diabetes animal model

European Journal of Clinical Investigation ◽

10.1111/eci.12696 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 19-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Cátia V. Diogo ◽

Cláudia M. Deus ◽

Magdalena Lebiedzinska-Arciszewska ◽

Aleksandra Wojtala ◽

Mariusz R. Wieckowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Animal Model ◽

Type I Diabetes ◽

Type I ◽

Antioxidant Proteins

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DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF PROCOAGULANT RESPONSE OF MONOCYTES FROM DIABETIC PATIENTS

10.1055/s-0038-1643103 ◽

1987 ◽

Author(s):

B JUDE ◽

A WATEL ◽

D FONTAINE ◽

P FONTAINE ◽

A COSSON

Keyword(s):

Type I Diabetes ◽

Vascular Complications ◽

Coagulation Factor ◽

Factor Vii ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type I ◽

Factor X ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Male Female Ratio

Hypercoagulability is one of the possible factors reported in genesis or aggravation of vascular complications in diabetes mellitus. We therefore examined procoagulant activity (PCA) of disrupted monocytes frcm 26 patients with Type I diabetes and 6 with Type II, versus 32 control subjects (male/ female ratio = 1 in each group).Diabetes monocytes exhibited a slight but detectable PCA before any incubation or in vitro stimulation, whereas control monocytes did not. Data obtained with coagulation factor deficient plasmas or phospholipase C indicated that PCA was tissue factor (TF) alone in 22 cases and TF associated with a significant amount of factor VII/VIIa activity in 10 cases.Incubation in serum free medium led to significant raise of PCA in diabetes cells when stimulated with endotoxin or not, and in control cells only after stimulation. Furthermore, PCA appeared earlier in diabetes monocytes than in control ones, (4 hours, versus 20 hours). PCA frcm control cells was FT-like. PCA frcm diabetes cells was FT-like when no VII/VIIa activity was present on non-stimulated cells, and prothrombinase-like when VII/VIIa activity was early associated with the cells. In the latter case, trace amounts of factor X activity were also detectable. Whether factor VII and factor X activities were of plasmatic origin and associated to the cells, or synthesized in vitro by the cells remains unclear. The characteristics of PCA were net correlated with clinical features (age, diabetic complications) nor with the type of diabetes.Our data suggest that in diabetes patients, monocytes exhibit an increased PCA, possibly corresponding to a baseline stimulation, or at least a higher responsiveness to undergoing stimuli in vitro.

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A Rarely Seen Multilevel Thoracic Vertebral Fracture after a Nocturnal Hypoglycemic Convulsion Attack

Case Reports in Orthopedics ◽

10.1155/2015/646352 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ebru Atalar ◽

Cuneyd Gunay ◽

Hakan Atalar ◽

Tugba Tunc

Keyword(s):

Back Pain ◽

Thoracic Spine ◽

Type I Diabetes ◽

Compression Fracture ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type I ◽

Rare Injury ◽

Compression Fractures ◽

History Of ◽

Insulin Dependent Diabetic

A 49-year-old male presented with acute midthoracic severe back pain following a witnessed nocturnal convulsion attack. There was no history of trauma and the patient had a 23-year history of Type I diabetes mellitus. MRI scans of the thoracic spine revealed compression fractures at T5, T6, T7, and T8 vertebrae. The patient was treated conservatively. At 17 months after the initial diagnosis, the complaints of back pain had been resolved and the patient was able to easily undertake daily living activities. Hypoglycaemia is a common problem in diabetic patients treated with insulin. Convulsions may occur as a consequence of insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Nontraumatic compression fractures of the thoracic spine following seizures are a rare injury. Contractions of strong paraspinal muscles can lead to compression fracture of the midthoracic spine. Unrecognized hypoglycaemia should be considered to be a possible cause of convulsions in insulin-dependent diabetic patients. The aim of this report is to point out a case of rarely seen multilevel consecutive vertebrae fractures in a diabetic patient after a nocturnal hypoglycaemic convulsion attack.

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β-Adrenoceptor Blockade and Recovery from Hypoglycaemia in Diabetic Subjects: Normalization after Lactate and Glycerol Infusions

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0620131 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 131-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

I. Lager ◽

U. Smith

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Recovery Rate ◽

Type I Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type I ◽

Insulin Dependent ◽

Propranolol Treatment ◽

Glucose Recovery ◽

Insulin Dependent Diabetic ◽

Gluconeogenic Substrates

1. Previous studies have shown that non-selective β-adrenoceptor blockade attenuates the blood glucose recovery rate after hypoglycaemia in type I diabetes. Apart from possible effects on hepatic glycogenolysis propranolol also inhibits the release of the important gluconeogenic substrates lactate and glycerol. 2. To determine whether the effect of non-selective β-adrenoceptor blockade on glucose recovery could be associated with diminished availability of gluconeogenic substrates, lactate and glycerol were infused during hypoglycaemia in four insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Comparisons were made of the blood glucose recovery on placebo, propranolol and propranolol combined with the infusion. 3. The blood glucose recovery rate after hypoglycaemia was less on propranolol than with placebo but was significantly improved and not different from placebo when propranolol treatment was combined with lactate and glycerol infusions. Thus, at least for type I diabetic patients, in whom gluconeogenesis is proportionally greater than in healthy subjects, non-selective β-adrenoceptor blockade attenuates the glucose recovery rate from hypoglycaemia mainly by reducing the availability of gluconeogenic substrates.

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