scholarly journals Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity ofAcacia aromaLeaf Extracts

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Mattana ◽  
M. A. Cangiano ◽  
L. E. Alcaráz ◽  
A. Sosa ◽  
F. Escobar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Genotoxic Effect ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
San Luis ◽  
Uptake Assay ◽  
Healing Of Wounds ◽  
Neutral Red Uptake Assay

Acacia aroma, native plant from San Luis, Argentina, is commonly used as antiseptic and for healing of wounds. The present study was conducted to investigate thein vitrocytotoxicity and genotoxicity of hot aqueous extract (HAE) and ethanolic extract (EE) ofA. aroma. The cytotoxic activity was assayed by neutral red uptake assay on Vero cell. Cell treatment with a range from 100 to 5000 μg/mL of HAE and EE showed that 500 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL were the maximum noncytotoxic concentrations, respectively. The CC50was 658 μg/mL for EE and 1020 μg/mL for HAE. The genotoxicity was tested by the single-cell gel electrophoresis comet assay. The results obtained in the evaluation of DNA cellular damage exposed to varied concentrations of the HAE showed no significant genotoxic effect at range of 1–20 mg/mL. The EE at 20 mg/mL showed moderate genotoxic effect related to the increase of the DNA percentage contained in tail of the comet; DNA was classified in category 2. At concentrations below 5 mg/mL, the results of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts ofAcacia aromaguarantee the safety at cell and genomic level. However further studies are needed for longer periods including animal models to confirm the findings.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of Expanded-Spectrum Pyridazinyl Oxime Ethers Related to Pirodavir: Novel Capsid-Binding Inhibitors with Potent Antipicornavirus Activity

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1766-1772 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Barnard ◽  
V. D. Hubbard ◽  
D. F. Smee ◽  
R. W. Sidwell ◽  
K. G. W. Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Cold ◽  
The United States ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Oral Agent ◽  
Uptake Assay ◽  
The Common ◽  
Orally Bioavailable ◽  
Neutral Red Uptake Assay

ABSTRACT Picornaviruses (PV) include human rhinovirus (HRV), the primary cause of the common cold, and the enteroviruses (EV), which cause serious diseases such as poliomyelitis, meningoencephalitis, and systemic neonatal disease. Although no compounds for PV infections have been approved in the United States, pirodavir was one of the most promising capsid-binding compounds to show efficacy in human clinical trials for chemoprophylaxis of the common cold. Susceptibility to hydrolysis precluded its use as an oral agent. We have developed orally bioavailable pyridazinyl oxime ethers that are as potent as pirodavir. Compounds BTA39 and BTA188 inhibited a total of 56 HRV laboratory strains and three clinical isolates as determined by neutral red uptake assay. At concentrations of <100 nM, BTA39 inhibited 69% of the HRV serotypes and isolates evaluated, BTA188 inhibited 75%, and pirodavir inhibited 59% of the serotypes and isolates. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) for the two compounds ranged from 0.5 nM to 6,701 nM. The compounds also inhibited EV, including coxsackie A and B viruses (IC50 = 773 to 3,608 nM) and echoviruses (IC50 = 193 to 5,155 nM). BTA39 only inhibited poliovirus strain WM-1 at 204 nM, and BTA188 only inhibited poliovirus strain Chat at 82 nM. EV 71 was inhibited by BTA39 and BTA188, with IC50s of 1 and 82 nM, respectively. Both compounds were relatively nontoxic in actively growing cells (50% cytotoxic doses, ≥4,588 nM). These data suggest that these oxime ethers warrant further investigation as potential agents for treating selected PV infections.

scholarly journals Chemical Analysis and Evaluation of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Photoprotective Activities of Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. (Anacardiaceae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Raquel Gomes de Lima-Saraiva ◽  
Fernanda Granja da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Raimundo Gonçalves de Oliveira Junior ◽  
Camila de Souza Araújo ◽  
Ana Paula de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Protection Factor ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
High Concentrations

Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. is a native plant of Caatinga which has high concentrations of compounds capable of absorbing ultraviolet light, suggesting its potential application for the development of sunscreen preparations. After its identification and collection, this vegetable drug was submitted to a physicochemical analysis through the preparation of ethanolic extract. The phytochemical screening and analysis of extracts were carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) evaluation. The antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and β-carotene bleaching test. Inhibitory hemolytic activity and morphological deformation of erythrocytes induced by H2O2 were also demonstrated and the antimicrobial activity was analyzed by the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) method. For the in vitro determination of the sun protection factor (SPF), the spectrophotometric method was used. From the analyses carried out with this species, this plant showed significant results for the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, as well as sunscreen action. Important flavonoids were identified. These data are an important step for the development of new photoprotective cosmetic with Caatinga species, revealing importance and representing another incentive for the preservation of the species involved and analyzed in the study.

scholarly journals The Addition of Cocoa, Glycerol, and Saccharose to the Tobacco of Cigarettes: Implications for Smoke Chemistry, In Vitro Cytotoxicity, Mutagenicity and Further Endpoints

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Roemer ◽  
S Wittke ◽  
E TrellesSticken ◽  
JJ Piade ◽  
T Bonk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Mainstream Smoke ◽  
Particulate Phase ◽  
Cocoa Powder ◽  
Uptake Assay

AbstractThe cigarette ingredients cocoa powder, glycerol, and saccharose were investigated regarding their potential effect on the resulting mainstream smoke, i.e., smoke chemistry (Hoffmann analytes), mammalian cell cytotoxicity (Neutral Red Uptake assay), and bacterial mutagenicity (Ames assay). Each ingredient was added at three concentrations to the tobacco of a 6 mg and 10 mg ‘tar’ yield experimental American blend filter cigarette (obtained under ISO/FTC smoking regime). The lowest application concentration was equivalent to the normal approximate use level of the ingredients; the highest application level was up to 5-fold higher. The resulting data were compared with the respective control cigarettes without addition of the ingredients. The addition of cocoa powder did not lead to any consistent effects on the measured mainstream smoke analytes. Neither the in vitro cytotoxicity nor the in vitro mutagenicity was affected by cocoa addition. The addition of glycerol resulted in a decrease in the delivery of several smoke constituents (generally around 20%), e.g. aldehydes, phenolics, and N-nitrosamines. Water in the particulate phase (TPM) was distinctly increased (up to +150%). The cytotoxicity of the TPM was decreased (approx. !15%). Mutagenicity was not affected. Saccharose addition consistently increased formaldehyde delivery in smoke by up to 40% and decreased tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines by up to approximately 20%. The increase in formaldehyde is discussed in the context of the human smoker. The cytotoxicity was not affected by the addition of saccharose, while the mutagenicity of the TPM was decreased in tester strain TA98 with metabolic activation (!15%). The results are in agreement with currently available literature. Some investigations summarized in this publication are novel and have not yet been reported in the literature. Based on the total evidence, it can be concluded that the three ingredients added at their current use levels do not increase the inherent toxicity of the cigarette smoke.

Neutral red uptake assay for the estimation of cell viability/cytotoxicity

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 1125-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Repetto ◽  
Ana del Peso ◽  
Jorge L Zurita
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Uptake Assay ◽  
Neutral Red Uptake ◽  
Neutral Red Uptake Assay

scholarly journals Antiangiogenic Activity and Cytotoxicity of Triterpenoids and Homoisoflavonoids from Massonia pustulata and Massonia bifolia

Planta Medica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (09/10) ◽  
pp. 638-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sianne Schwikkard ◽  
Hannah Whitmore ◽  
Timothy Corson ◽  
Kamakshi Sishtla ◽  
Moses Langat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Microvascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Antiangiogenic Activity ◽  
Endothelial Tube Formation ◽  
Uptake Assay ◽  
Neutral Red Uptake ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Neutral Red Uptake Assay

AbstractThe Hyacinthaceae family (sensu APGII), with approximately 900 species in around 70 genera, plays a significant role in traditional medicine in Africa as well as across Europe and the Middle and Far East. The dichloromethane extract of the bulbs of Massonia pustulata (Hyacinthaceae sensu APGII) yielded two known homoisoflavonoids, (R)-5-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-7-methoxy-4-chromanone 1 and 5-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-7-methoxy-4-chromone 2 and four spirocyclic nortriterpenoids, eucosterol 3, 28-hydroxyeucosterol 4 and two previously unreported triterpenoid derivatives, (17S,23S)-17α,23-epoxy-3β,22β,29-trihydroxylanost-8-en-27,23-olide 5, and (17S, 23S)-17α,23-epoxy-28,29-dihydroxylanost-8-en-3-on-27,23-olide 6. Compounds 1, 2, 3, and 5 were assessed for cytotoxicity against CaCo-2 cells using a neutral red uptake assay. Compounds 1, 2, and 5 reduced cell viability by 70% at concentrations of 30, 100, and 100 µM, respectively. Massonia bifolia yielded three known homoisoflavonoids, (R)-(4′-hydroxy)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-4-chromanone 1, (R)-(4′-hydroxy)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-chromanone 7 and (R)-(3′-hydroxy-4′-methoxy)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-chromanone 9, two previously unreported homoisoflavonoids, (E)-3-benzylidene-(3′,4′-dihydroxy)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-4-chromanone 8 and (R)-(3′,4′-dihydroxy)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-4-chromanone 10, and a spirocyclic nortriterpenoid, 15-deoxoeucosterol 11. Compounds 1, 1Ac, 7, 8, 9, and 10 were screened for antiangiogenic activity against human retinal microvascular endothelial cells. Some compounds showed dose-dependent antiproliferative activity and blocked endothelial tube formation, suggestive of antiangiogenic activity.

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