scholarly journals Chemical Analysis and Evaluation of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Photoprotective Activities of Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. (Anacardiaceae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Raquel Gomes de Lima-Saraiva ◽  
Fernanda Granja da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Raimundo Gonçalves de Oliveira Junior ◽  
Camila de Souza Araújo ◽  
Ana Paula de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Protection Factor ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
High Concentrations

Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. is a native plant of Caatinga which has high concentrations of compounds capable of absorbing ultraviolet light, suggesting its potential application for the development of sunscreen preparations. After its identification and collection, this vegetable drug was submitted to a physicochemical analysis through the preparation of ethanolic extract. The phytochemical screening and analysis of extracts were carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) evaluation. The antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and β-carotene bleaching test. Inhibitory hemolytic activity and morphological deformation of erythrocytes induced by H2O2 were also demonstrated and the antimicrobial activity was analyzed by the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) method. For the in vitro determination of the sun protection factor (SPF), the spectrophotometric method was used. From the analyses carried out with this species, this plant showed significant results for the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, as well as sunscreen action. Important flavonoids were identified. These data are an important step for the development of new photoprotective cosmetic with Caatinga species, revealing importance and representing another incentive for the preservation of the species involved and analyzed in the study.

scholarly journals Exploring the Potential Use of Hylocereus polyrhizus Peels as a Source of Cosmeceutical Sunscreen Agent for Its Antioxidant and Photoprotective Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ramya Vijayakumar ◽  
Siti Salwa Abd Gani ◽  
Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan ◽  
Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi ◽  
Thiruventhan Karunakaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Sun Protection ◽  
Protection Factor ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Hylocereus Polyrhizus

Currently, consumers’ demand for sunscreens derived from natural sources that provide photoprotection from ultraviolet (UV) radiation is pushing the cosmetic industry to develop breakthrough formulations of sun protection products by incorporating plant antioxidants as their active ingredients. In this context, the present study was initiated to evaluate the antioxidant and photoprotective properties of the underutilized Hylocereus polyrhizus peel extract (HPPE) using in vitro spectrophotometric techniques. The phytochemical screenings of HPPE conducted via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) revealed the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids as the major secondary metabolites in HPPE. The antioxidant potentials evaluated based on 2, 2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical and total antioxidant capacity assays were in the range of 22.16 ± 0.24%–84.67 ± 0.03% with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 36.39 ± 0.04 μg/mL and 23.76 ± 0.14%–31.87 ± 0.26% (IC50 = 21.93 ± 0.07 μg/mL), respectively. For the photoprotective evaluation, the results showed that HPPE had significantly high absorbance values (3.1–3.6) at 290–320 nm with an exceptional sun protection factor (SPF) value of 35.02 ± 0.39 at 1.00 mg/mL. HPPE also possessed a broad-spectrum shielding power against both UVA and UVB radiations. Hence, in terms of practical implications, our findings would offer an exciting avenue to develop a photoprotective formulation incorporating the ethanolic extract of Hylocereus polyrhizus peels as a synergistic active ingredient for its excellent UV absorption properties and the strong antioxidant activities.

scholarly journals Phytochemical evaluation and in vitro antioxidant and photo-protective capacity of Calendula officinalis L. leaves

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4 suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 693-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.C.K.N. DEUSCHLE ◽  
R.A.N. DEUSCHLE ◽  
M. PIANA ◽  
A.A. BOLIGON ◽  
M.R.B. BORTOLUZZI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Calendula Officinalis ◽  
Protective Capacity ◽  
Protection Factor ◽  
Capacity Evaluation ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Calendula Officinalis L

ABSTRACT The plant Calendula officinalis L. is widely applied due to its medicinal properties, which are mainly dermatological and ornamental. The goal of this study is to assess the phytochemical components in a hydroethanolic extract (HECO) from the leaves of Calendula officinalis L. using UV-VIS spectrophotometry and thin layer chromatography (TLC), as well as to identify and quantify the components related to its antioxidant capacity employing high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC). The antioxidant capacity evaluation was performed using the DPPH method for superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. The photo-protective capacity was evaluated by UVspectrophotometry in order to determine the in vitro Sun Protection Factor(SPF). The results show the plant’s strong antioxidant activity (DPPH and hydroxyl methods), which we believe to be related to the presence of flavonoids (24.67 mg/g), polyphenols (33.90 mg/g), condensed tannins (27.30 mg/g), and the amount of rutin (37.25 mg/g), and quercetin (6.09 mg/g) found during the study. The HECO presented a good antioxidant capacity, most likely due to the polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins in its contents. However, the obtained SPF of 1.89 ± 0.05 does not allow the plant to be classified as a stand-alone sunscreen, and more studies are needed in order to test its ability to enhance sunscreens in existing cosmetic formulations.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the in vitro antibacterial activity of some essential oils and their blends against Staphylococcus spp. isolated from episodes of sheep mastitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Fratini ◽  
Margherita Giusti ◽  
Simone Mancini ◽  
Francesca Pisseri ◽  
Basma Najar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Thymus Serpyllum

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci are among the major causes of mastitis in sheep. The main goal of this research was to determine the in vitro antibacterial activity of several essential oils (EOs, n 30), then five of them were chosen and tested alone and in blends against staphylococci isolates. Five bacteria were isolated from episodes of ovine mastitis (two S. aureus and three S. xylosus). Biochemical and molecular methods were employed to identify the isolates and disk diffusion method was performed to determine their antimicrobial-resistance profile. The relative percentage of the main constituents in the tested essential oils and their blends was detected by GC-EIMS analysis. Antibacterial and bactericidal effectiveness of essential oils and blends were evaluated through minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). All of them showed sensitivity to the used antimicrobials. The EOs with the highest antibacterial activity were those belonging to the Lamiaceae family characterized by high concentrations of thymol, carvacrol and its precursor p-cymene, together with cinnamon EO, rich in cinnamaldehyde. In terms of both MIC and MBC values, the blend composed by Thymus capitatus EO 40%, Cinnamomum zeylanicum EO 20%, Thymus serpyllum EO 20% and Satureja montana EO 20% was found to be the most effective against all the isolates. Some essential oils appear to represent, at least in vitro, a valid tool against ovine mastitis pathogens. Some blends showed a remarkable effectiveness than the single oils, highlighting a synergistic effect in relation to the phytocomplex.

In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Organic and Aqueous Extracts of Bacillus clausii KP10

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-161
Author(s):  
Farzana Nighat and Zahid Mushtaq Farzana Nighat and Zahid Mushtaq
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Current Case ◽  
Bacillus Clausii

Humans and plants are experiencing different kinds of diseases. Many of these diseases are mainly caused by microorganisms like fungi, bacteria and viruses that adversely affect their hosts. Bioactive compounds produced by bacteria can be used to treat the infections caused by these microorganisms. Free radicals that can cause serious damage to the cell can be repressed by antioxidants that are produced by bacteria as secondary compounds. The current case study was therefore planned to investigate the antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials of the organic and aqueous extracts of Bacillus clausii KP10 isolated recently by our group from hot springs of Tatta Pani, Poonch, Azad Kashmir. The antimicrobial activities were assessed using well diffusion method against two Gram positive bacteria; B. subtilis, and S. aureus, and two Gram negative bacteria; E. coli and P. multocida and three fungal strains; A. niger, A. parasiticus and A. ustus. Antioxidant activities of the extracts were done by DPPH free radical scavenging assay. In our experiments the maximum zones of inhibition were shown by ethanolic extract against P. multocida (21 mm), S. aureus (13 mm) and methanol soluble fraction showed zone of inhibition against A. ustus (21 mm) as compared to the standard ciprofloxacin for bacteria and as antifungal agents with terbinafine. In our studies n-hexane fraction of B. clausii KP10 showed maximum 88.67% antioxidant activity. Finally, results were analyzed statistically through analysis of variance (ANOVA). Hence it is proved that the bioactive fractions obtained from B. clausii KP10 are good source of antimicrobials and antioxidants and they can be used as medicines in future for the respective treatments.

scholarly journals Antiproliferative Activity and Antioxidant Potential of Extracts of Garcinia gardneriana

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 3201
Author(s):  
Simone da Cunha Demenciano ◽  
Magalli Costa Barbosa Lima e Silva ◽  
Caroline Almeida Farias Alexandrino ◽  
Wilson Hino Kato Junior ◽  
Patrícia de Oliveira Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Antiproliferative Activity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Chemical Profile ◽  
Polycarboxylic Acids

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiproliferative activity, the antioxidant potential, and the chemical profile obtained from the whole fruit and from leaves of Garcinia gardneriana, a fruit tree from Brazilian Cerrado. To determine in vitro antiproliferative activity, the following neoplastic cell lines were considered, along with an immortalized nontumor cell line. The antioxidant potential was determined, and the evaluation of antiradical air activity was performed. The levels of vitamin C and carotenoids were determined. The chemical profile was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector and a mass spectrometer using electrospray ionization interface. The chloroform fraction of the leaf showed antioxidant activity. The vitamin C content had lower values in fruits and higher in leaves. The content of carotenoids for fruits and leaves was expressive. The ethanolic extract and the hexane and chloroform fractions of fruits were active in all neoplastic lines tested. The leaves showed cytotoxic activity in the hexane fraction in the breast carcinoma line. The analysis of data obtained verified the presence of dimers, monomers, and tetramers of hexoses, polycarboxylic acids, xanthones, flavonoids, biflavonoids, and benzophenones.

Regional differences in catecholamine concentrations in bovine ovaries analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography

1991 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Denning-Kendall ◽  
M. L. Wild ◽  
Wathes D. C.
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACT Bovine corpora lutea and ovarian stroma were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography for catecholamine content. High concentrations (up to 102 nmol/g wet weight) were found in both 'central' stroma, containing many blood vessels, and 'peripheral' stroma. Central stroma contained noradrenaline and some dopamine, whereas peripheral stroma contained a higher proportion of dopamine and also significant amounts of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC). Occasional samples of stroma had very high amounts of dopamine, suggesting that it is stored in specific regions. Corpora lutea, although devoid of direct innervation, contained dopamine (up to 5·3 nmol/g) and noradrenaline (up to 1·2 nmol/g). The average dopamine: noradrenaline molar ratio was 1·19 : 1 and the concentrations of dopamine and noradrenaline were highly correlated (P < 0·002). The concentration of dopamine was significantly higher in the early luteal phase of the oestrous cycle than during the rest of the cycle or in pregnancy. The levels of noradrenaline and dopamine present in corpora lutea are sufficient to modulate the production of both oxytocin and progesterone by luteal cells in vitro. Journal of Endocrinology (1991) 129, 221–226

scholarly journals Antibacterial, Antifungal and Antihelminthic Properties of Ethanolic, Methanolic and Water Extracts of Pollen

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-88
Author(s):  
Anita Rana
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Diffusion Assay ◽  
Broth Dilution

Microorganisms and helminthes can cause serious diseases in humans as well as in animals. The use of antimicrobial and antihelminthic drugs have created selective pressure and caused resistance to antibiotics used against them, thus it necessitates the use of honey bee’s derived natural products. One such bee derived product is pollen, collected by worker honey bees from the flowering plants and modify it by adding its salivary secretions. The present study embodies use of pollen as antimicrobial and antihelminthic substance. Among microorganisms 4 Gram (+ve) bacteria; (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae) and 3 Gram (-ve) bacteria; (Escherichia Coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteric) and 2 yeasts (Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were used and the methodology used disc diffusion assay and broth dilution method. The antihelminthic effect was observed among amphistomes via bioassay method under in vitro conditions. For observations three types of pollen extracts (ethanolic, methanolic and water extract) were prepared and positive controls used were; Ampicillin for antibacterial, Amphotericin B for antifungal and Albendazole for anti-helminthes. The antimicrobial activities were determined by measuring the zones of inhibition diameters in millimeters after 24 hours of incubation at optimum temperature for each microbe and also by broth dilution method. Results obtained showed that the water extract of pollen was found to be most effective against bacteria used in the present study where; Gram (+ve) bacteria were more susceptible as compared to the Gram (-ve) bacteria. It was also observed that among yeasts; Saccharomyces cerevisiae was more susceptible towards ethanolic extract of pollen while Candida albicans showed more inhibitions towards water extract of pollen. Results also demonstrated that none of the extracts of pollen was found to be effective against Helminthes (amphistomes) used in the present study.

Prenylated Flavonoids from the Root of Egyptian Tephrosia apollinea – Crystal Structure Analysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad M. Abou-Douh ◽  
Chihiro Ito ◽  
Rubén A. Toscano ◽  
Nariman Y. El-Baga ◽  
Ezz El-Din A. El-Khrisy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Structure Analysis ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Crystal Structure Analysis ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Prenylated Flavonoids ◽  
Tephrosia Apollinea

Three complex 7-oxygenated-8-prenylflavones, (-)-semiglabrin and (-)-pseudosemiglabrin, which are diastereoisomers, and lanceolatin A have been isolated from the root of Tephrosia apollinea (Del.) Link (Leguminosae) growing in Southern Egypt, together with two phytosterols, stigmasterol and sitosterol. The structures of the isolated compounds have been elucidated by means of physical and several spectroscopic methods including UV, IR, 1H, 13C NMR, DEPT, 2D 1H-1H COSY, HSQC, HMBC experiments, and high resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS), as well as some chemical transformations. The stereochemistry of the structures of (-)-semiglabrin and lanceolatin A have been confirmed by X-ray crystal structure analysis. The anticarcinogenic properties of the isolated compounds showed no inhibitory mechanisms concerning the initiation, promotion, and progression stage of carcinogenesis. Moreover, the in vitro antimicrobial activities of the root ethanolic extract are discussed

scholarly journals Phytochemical characterization of the ethanolic extract of Kaempferia galanga rhizome for anti-oxidant activities by HPTLC and GCMS

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavius Phrangsngi Nonglang ◽  
Abhijeet Khale ◽  
Surya Bhan
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Kaempferia Galanga ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract Background The rhizome of Kaempferia galanga (K. galanga) was collected from Meghalaya, India, and its ethanolic extract was obtained by freeze-drying or lyophilization process, which was then assessed for its in vitro anti-oxidant activity and phytochemical characterization using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GCMS). Results In vitro anti-oxidant activity analysis shows an inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 1.824 mg/mL and 0.307 mg/mL for, α, α-diphenyl-ρ-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays, respectively. Total polyphenol content (TPC) of 23.55 ± 0.5 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight of extract and total flavonoid content (TFC) of 100 ± 1.414 mg rutin equivalents (RE)/g dry weight of extract were found. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis shows the best separation of bands at different retention factor (Rf) values, when employing the solvent system 2-butanol/1-propanol/water in the ratio of 3:1:1 (v/v/v). Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GCMS) analysis confirms the presence and identification of various phytocompounds, with ethyl p-methoxycinnamate identified as the major active compound. Conclusion Freeze-dried ethanolic extract of K. galanga (rhizome) possesses anti-oxidant activity. Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate is present as the major bioactive component (about 94.87% of the total area composition), and since it has very important and diverse medicinal properties, a freeze-drying process (lyophilization) can be utilized for its isolation and extraction.

scholarly journals Flemingia macrophyllaExtract Ameliorates Experimental Osteoporosis in Ovariectomized Rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Ya Ho ◽  
Jin-Bin Wu ◽  
Wen-Chuan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Experimental Osteoporosis

Flemingia macrophylla(Leguminosae), a native plant of Taiwan, is used as folk medicine. Anin vitrostudy showed that a 75% ethanolic extract ofF. macrophylla(FME) inhibited osteoclast differentiation of cultured rat bone marrow cells, and the active component, lespedezaflavanone A (LDF-A), was isolated. It was found that oral administration of FME for 13 weeks suppressed bone loss in ovariectomized rats, an experimental model of osteoporosis. In addition, FME decreased urinary deoxypyridinoline concentrations but did not inhibit serum alkaline phosphatase activities, indicating that it ameliorated bone loss via inhibition of bone resorption. These results suggest that FME may represent a useful remedy for the treatment of bone resorption diseases, such as osteoporosis. In addition, LDF-A could be used as a marker compound to control the quality of FME.

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