scholarly journals A Bioinspired Adaptive Congestion-Avoidance Routing for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huang Qiong ◽  
Yin Pengfei ◽  
Chen Qianbin ◽  
Gong Pu ◽  
Yang Xiaolong
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Network Routing ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Route Maintenance ◽  
Random Manner ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

Traditional mobile Ad Hoc network routing protocols are mainly based on the Shortest Path, which possibly results in many congestion nodes that incur routing instability and rerouting. To mitigate the side-efforts, this paper proposed a new bioinspired adaptive routing protocol (ATAR) based on a mathematics biology model ARAS. This paper improved the ARAS by reducing the randomness and by introducing a new routing-decision metric “the next-hop fitness” which was denoted as the congestion level of node and the length of routing path. In the route maintenance, the nodes decide to forward the data to next node according to a threshold value of the fitness. In the recovery phase, the node will adopt random manner to select the neighbor as the next hop by calculation of the improved ARAS. With this route mechanism, the ATAR could adaptively circumvent the congestion nodes and the rerouting action is taken in advance. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation results show that the ATAR protocol outperforms AODV and MARAS in terms of delivery ratio, ETE delay, and the complexity. In particular, ATAR can efficiently mitigate the congestion.

Comparative Assessment and Performance Analysis of Numerous Mobile Ad-Hoc Network Routing Protocols

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 3906-3911
Author(s):  
Karan Singh ◽  
Rajeev Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Network Routing ◽  
Destination Node ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Route Maintenance ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
And Performance

Recent progression in the field of information and communication cause increase of packet count over the World Wide Web network. These communicated packets should deliver on time from origin node to destination node using a reliable and shortest route. In this way routing plays an important part in dispatching the packets to destination form the source. This routing becomes more crucial when packets delivery is done in independent mobile nodes which dynamically form a temporary network. This network named as Mobile Ad-Hoc Network and therefore it is said to be particular reason-specific, self-ruling and dynamic. In this paper we analyzed 3 protocols and for a quality of service (i.e., Packet Delivery Ratio) and achieved comparative study of various protocols of routing with respect to Operation of protocols, Route maintenance, Routing table, Route, Route selection, Routing structure, Routing Approaches, Protocol types, Merits and Demerits.

Secure Route Discovery in DSR against Black Hole Attacks in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

2012 ◽  
pp. 125-143
Author(s):  
P. Subathra ◽  
S. Sivagurunathan
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Black Hole Attack ◽  
Dynamic Source ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Hoc Networks

A Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless nodes communicating over multi-hop paths without any infrastructure. Nodes must cooperate to provide necessary network functionalities. The security in routing protocols like Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) can be compromised by a “Black Hole” attack. Here, a malicious node claims to have the shortest path to the destination and attracts all traffic and drops them, leading to performance degradation. The situation becomes worse when two or more nodes cooperate and perform the “Cooperative black hole” attack. This chapter proposes a solution based on probing to identify and prevent such attacks. The proposed solution discovers a secure route between the source and destination by identifying and isolating the attacking nodes. Simulation results show that the protocol provides better security and performance in terms of detection time, packet delivery ratio, and false negative probability in comparison with trust and probe based schemes.

Prioritized Sweeping Reinforcement Learning Based Routing for MANETs

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul M Desai ◽  
B P Patil
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Shortest Path ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Network Routing ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Shortest Path Routing ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Prioritized Sweeping

<p class="Default">In this paper, prioritized sweeping confidence based dual reinforcement learning based adaptive network routing is investigated. Shortest Path routing is always not suitable for any wireless mobile network as in high traffic conditions, shortest path will always select the shortest path which is in terms of number of hops, between source and destination thus generating more congestion. In prioritized sweeping reinforcement learning method, optimization is carried out over confidence based dual reinforcement routing on mobile ad hoc network and path is selected based on the actual traffic present on the network at real time. Thus they guarantee the least delivery time to reach the packets to the destination. Analysis is done on 50 Nodes Mobile ad hoc networks with random mobility. Various performance parameters such as Interval and number of nodes are used for judging the network. Packet delivery ratio, dropping ratio and delay shows optimum results using the prioritized sweeping reinforcement learning method.</p>

scholarly journals Fuzzy Controller Based QoS Routing Algorithm with a Multiclass Scheme for MANET

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baolin Sun ◽  
Chao Gui ◽  
Qifei Zhang ◽  
Hua Chen
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Fuzzy Controller ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Qos Routing ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Qos Routing Algorithm ◽  
Hoc Networks

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) consists of a set of mobile hosts that can communicate with each other without the assistance of base stations. Due to the dynamic nature of the network topology and restricted resources, quality of service (QoS) and multicast routing in MANET are challenging tasks which attract the interests of many people. In this paper, we present a fuzzy controller based QoS routing algorithm with a multiclass scheme (FQRA) in mobile ad hoc networks. The performance of this scheduler is studied using NS2 (Network Simulator version 2) and evaluated in terms of quantitative measures such as packet delivery ratio, path success ratio and average end-to-end delay. Simulations show that the approach is efficient, promising and applicable in ad hoc networks.

scholarly journals Packet Delivery Ratio and Overhead Reduction for À-GPS Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 743-747
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Significant Issue ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

Now a day’s mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is engaged by numerous scientists and endeavoring to be conveyed by and by. To accomplish this objective, these two components are a significant issue that we need to consider. The first is "overhead". As it were, messages that is not important to be sent when setting up a system association between versatile hubs. The following issue is the parcel sending rate from source to the goal hub that sufficiently high to ensure a successful system association. This paper is concentrating on improving the exhibition of the Location-Aided Routing Protocol (LAR) regarding overhead decrease by adjusting the calculation of the MANET course disclosure process. The consequence of the reproduction shows that the proposed convention can decrease overhead definitely, growing system lifetime and increment parcel sending rate while contrasting and other traditional conventions.

Detection and Prevention of Single and Cooperative Black Hole Attacks in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Subathra ◽  
S. Sivagurunathan ◽  
N. Ramaraj
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Black Hole Attack ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Hoc Networks

A Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless computers (nodes) communicating over multi-hop paths, without infrastructures such as base stations and access points. Nodes must cooperate to provide necessary network functionalities. The Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol is a principal routing protocol in MANET, where security can be compromised by a “Black Hole” attack. In this attack, a malicious node claims to have the shortest path to the destination and attracts all traffic and drops all packets sent for forwarding, leading to performance degradation in the network. The situation becomes even more severe when two or more nodes cooperate and perform an attack called the “Cooperative Black Hole” attack. This article proposes a solution based on probing to identify and prevent such attacks. The proposed solution discovers a secure route between the source and destination by identifying and isolating both single and cooperative black holes, making the MANET resistant against such attacks. Simulation results show that the protocol provides better security and performance in terms of detection time, packet delivery ratio and false negative probability in comparison with trust and probe based schemes.

Routing Optimization for Integrated Optical and Mobile Ad hoc Networks

2019 ◽  
pp. 90-104
Author(s):  
Adam Wong Yoon Khang ◽  
Mohamed Elshaikh Elobaid ◽  
Arnidza Ramli ◽  
Nadiatulhuda Zulkifli ◽  
Sevia Mahdaliza Idrus
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Optical Wireless ◽  
Routing Optimization ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

Resource consumption in access network will continue to draw attention due to the increasing trend of mobile user device and application. This chapter will address the issue of resource utilization efficiency via alternate specific method known as Taguchi offline optimization-based on mobile ad hoc network (MANET) to be applied into cooperating multiple layers framework of deploy over passive optical network (PON) called the last mile mobile hybrid optical wireless access network (LMMHOWAN). Adhering to this method, the chapter is also to propose the design of experiment simulation model using OMNeT++ software and its impact is investigated on the identified performance metrics like the end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio (PDR), network capacity, packet loss probability (PLP), and energy consumption. Simulation result shows that the heterogeneous optical wireless network under the influence of random mobile connection can perform better with the optimized front-end wireless ad hoc.

scholarly journals A Secure 3-Way Routing Protocols for Intermittently Connected Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Sekaran ◽  
Ganesh Kumar Parasuraman
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Network Routing ◽  
Secure Routing ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Intermittently Connected

The mobile ad hoc network may be partially connected or it may be disconnected in nature and these forms of networks are termed intermittently connected mobile ad hoc network (ICMANET). The routing in such disconnected network is commonly an arduous task. Many routing protocols have been proposed for routing in ICMANET since decades. The routing techniques in existence for ICMANET are, namely, flooding, epidemic, probabilistic, copy case, spray and wait, and so forth. These techniques achieve an effective routing with minimum latency, higher delivery ratio, lesser overhead, and so forth. Though these techniques generate effective results, in this paper, we propose novel routing algorithms grounded on agent and cryptographic techniques, namely, location dissemination service (LoDiS) routing with agent AES, A-LoDiS with agent AES routing, and B-LoDiS with agent AES routing, ensuring optimal results with respect to various network routing parameters. The algorithm along with efficient routing ensures higher degree of security. The security level is cited testing with respect to possibility of malicious nodes into the network. This paper also aids, with the comparative results of proposed algorithms, for secure routing in ICMANET.

scholarly journals Towards Developing Enhanced Cluster-Based QoS-Aware Routing in MANET

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kebebew Ababu Yitayih ◽  
Mulugeta Libsie
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Link State ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Clustering Approach ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

Creating dynamic communication infrastructures between mobile devices and satisfying the desires for time-sensitive multimedia applications have introduced new challenges in the design of protocols for mobile ad hoc networks. In this paper, to stream time-sensitive applications using mobile ad hoc network (MANET), we have selected the Optimal Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol. However, the protocol has high overhead because each node selects a set of multipoint relay (MPR) nodes. Therefore, we have proposed quality of service (QoS) supporting the MPR selection approach and a new lower maintenance clustering approach for minimizing the overhead of the network. As a result, the proposed approach showed a better result in the average end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio, routing load, and throughput.

scholarly journals Agent based secure intrusion detection and prevention for rushing attacks in clustering MANETs

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.20) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
A Aranganathan ◽  
C D. Suriyakala
Keyword(s):  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Communication Overhead ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Malicious Nodes ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

Intrusion detection is one of challenging issues in wireless networks. The inherently vulnerable characteristics of wireless mobile ad hoc networks make them susceptible to attacks in-spite of some security measures, and it may be too late before any counter action can take effect. As such, there is a need to complement security mechanisms with efficient intrusion detection and response systems. This paper proposes an agent-based model to address the aspect of intrusion detection in cluster based Mobile ad hoc network environment. The model comprises of mobile agents, which are used to detect intrusions, respond to intrusions, mainly preventing the routing attacks while securing them and distributing selected and aggregated intrusion information to all other nodes in the network in an intelligent manner to compensate the attack. The model is simulated to test its operation effectiveness by considering various performance parameters such as, packet delivery ratio, communication overhead, throughput. It implements a secure detection and prevention technique that contains the Blowfish algorithm which is a symmetric encryption and decryption algorithm having a secure standard till date against attacks to make the network transmission secure while monitoring malicious nodes and preventing them from compromising the integrity of the network. Agent based approach facilitates flexible and adaptable security services. Also, it supports component based software engineering components such as maintainability, reachability, reusability, adaptability, and flexibility. 

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