scholarly journals MicroRNAs in Human Pituitary Adenomas

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu-Hui Li ◽  
Elaine Lu Wang ◽  
Hai-Meng Zhou ◽  
Katsuhiko Yoshimoto ◽  
Zhi Rong Qian
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Cell Cycle Control ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Intracranial Neoplasms ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Posttranscriptional Level

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of recently identified noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at posttranscriptional level. Due to the large number of genes regulated by miRNAs, miRNAs play important roles in many cellular processes. Emerging evidence indicates that miRNAs are dysregulated in pituitary adenomas, a class of intracranial neoplasms which account for 10–15% of diagnosed brain tumors. Deregulated miRNAs and their targets contribute to pituitary adenomas progression and are associated with cell cycle control, apoptosis, invasion, and pharmacological treatment of pituitary adenomas. To provide an overview of miRNAs dysregulation and functions of these miRNAs in pituitary adenoma progression, we summarize the deregulated miRNAs and their targets to shed more light on their potential as therapeutic targets and novel biomarkers.

scholarly journals MicroRNA Expression in Selected Carcinomas of the Gastrointestinal Tract

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole C. Panarelli ◽  
Rhonda K. Yantiss
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Tumor Suppressor Genes ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Messenger Rnas ◽  
Rna Sequences ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Mirna Species ◽  
Posttranscriptional Level

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) comprise a recently discovered class of small, 18–25 nucleotide, noncoding RNA sequences that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level by binding to and inhibiting the translation of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Characteristic patterns of miRNA expression have been described in several malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract, and numerous investigators have demonstrated interactions between specific miRNA species and target oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes. It is clear that miRNAs play an important role in regulating expression of a number of genes involved in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis, and, thus, these molecules may represent either diagnostic markers of, or therapeutic targets for, some types of malignancy. This paper summarizes the literature regarding miRNA expression in carcinomas of the colon, pancreas, and liver and discusses some of the mechanisms by which these molecules participate in gastrointestinal oncogenesis.

scholarly journals RNA virus-encoded microRNAs: biogenesis, functions and perspectives on application

ExRNA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoubin Zhan ◽  
Yanbo Wang ◽  
Xi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Posttranscriptional Level

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level and play a crucial role in development and many diseases. The discovery of miRNAs has greatly expanded our understanding of the intricate scenario of genome-wide regulation. Over the last two decades, hundreds of virus-encoded miRNAs have been identified, most of which are from DNA viruses. Although the number of reported RNA virus-derived miRNAs is increasing, current knowledge of their roles in physiological and pathological processes has remained lacking. In this review, we discuss the biogenesis and biological functions of RNA virus- encoded miRNAs and their proposed roles in virus-host interactions and further underscore their potential value in the diagnosis and treatment of viral diseases.

The physiological and pathophysiological roles of adipocyte miRNAs

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyan Ling ◽  
Xing Li ◽  
Chao Hua Yao ◽  
Bi Hu ◽  
Duanfang Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipocyte Differentiation ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Insulin Production ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
And Function ◽  
Posttranscriptional Level ◽  
Regulate Gene

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved, small, noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Their actions affect numerous important biological processes, including adipocyte differentiation and function, sugar and lipid metabolism, and insulin production and secretion. Recent reports suggest miRNAs may also be involved in the pathogenic processes of obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance. In this review, we summarize research progresses on adipocyte miRNAs and their physiological and pathological implications.

scholarly journals The Emerging Perspective of Morphine Tolerance: MicroRNAs

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teng J. Zhang ◽  
Yong Qiu ◽  
Zhen Hua
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Level ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Morphine Tolerance ◽  
Chronic Morphine ◽  
Analgesic Tolerance ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Adaptive Process ◽  
Central Nervous Systems ◽  
Posttranscriptional Level

Morphine has unfavorable side effects including analgesic tolerance. Morphine tolerance counteracts analgesic efficacy and drives dose escalation. The mechanisms underlying morphine tolerance remain disputed, which has prevented the development of therapies to maximize and sustain analgesic efficacy. Morphine tolerance is an adaptive process induced by chronic morphine that has been shown to result from complex alterations at the molecular level with μ opioid receptors (MORs), as well as at the synaptic, cellular, and circuit levels. MicroRNAs are noncoding RNAs that have been proposed to regulate gene expression and degradation at the posttranscriptional level, including the MOR, as well as synaptic plasticity and neuroplasticity, in both the peripheral and central nervous systems. This review covers some of the most striking microRNA functions involved in morphine tolerance and presents limitations on our knowledge of their physiological roles.

scholarly journals Noncoding RNAs involved in the STAT3 pathway in glioma

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Bian ◽  
Wei Ji ◽  
Bin Xu ◽  
Zhengyuan Huo ◽  
Hui Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Signal Transducer ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Primary Brain Tumour ◽  
Transcription 3 ◽  
Coding Capacity ◽  
Posttranscriptional Level ◽  
Regulate Gene

AbstractGlioma is the most common malignant primary brain tumour in adults. Despite improvements in neurosurgery and radiotherapy, the prognosis of glioma patients remains poor. One of the main limitations is that there are no proper clinical therapeutic targets for glioma. Therefore, it is crucial to find one or more effective targets. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a member of the STAT family of genes. Abnormal expression of STAT3 is involved in the process of cell proliferation, migration, invasion, immunosuppression, angiogenesis, dryness maintenance, and resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy in glioma. Therefore, STAT3 has been considered an ideal therapeutic target in glioma. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a group of genes with limited or no protein-coding capacity that can regulate gene expression at the epigenetic, transcriptional and posttranscriptional level. In this review, we summarized the ncRNAs that are correlated with the ectopic expression of STAT3 in glioma.

Fine Structural Classification of Chromophobe Adenomas of the Human Pituitary Gland

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 378-379
Author(s):  
K. Kovacs ◽  
E. Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Electron Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Cytoplasmic Staining ◽  
Human Pituitary Gland ◽  
Microscopic Features

Chromophobe pituitary adenomas arise from adenohypophysial cells and fail to exhibit cytoplasmic staining with conventional acid or basic dyes by light microscopy. The aim of the present work was to study the electron microscopic features of these tumors, to separate them into distinct entities and to correlate their fine structural appearances with secretory activity.Among 48 surgically removed various pituitary adenomas 30 tumors were found which, based on the tinctorial characteristics of the cytoplasm, corresponded to chromophobe adenomas. For electron microscopic investigation pieces of these tumors were fixed in 2.5 per cent glutaraldehyde in Sorensen's buffer, post fixed in 1 per cent osmium tetroxide in Millonig's buffer, dehydrated in graded ethanol and embedded in Epon 812. Ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.By electron microscopy it was possible to separate chromophobe adenomas into 3 distinct entities: 1) adenomas consisting of sparsely granulated growth hormone cells (7 cases).

Abstract #826 Sox 2 Expression in Human Pituitary Adenomas

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Cristina Capatina ◽  
Anca Campeanu ◽  
Marius Raica ◽  
Mihail Coculescu ◽  
Catalina Poiana
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Human Pituitary Adenomas

Identification, Prediction and Data Analysis of Noncoding RNAs: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbasali Emamjomeh ◽  
Javad Zahiri ◽  
Mehrdad Asadian ◽  
Mehrdad Behmanesh ◽  
Barat A. Fakheri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computational Methods ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Structural Prediction ◽  
Computational Costs ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Laboratory Techniques ◽  
Fast Prediction

Background:Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) which play an important role in various cellular processes are important in medicine as well as in drug design strategies. Different studies have shown that ncRNAs are dis-regulated in cancer cells and play an important role in human tumorigenesis. Therefore, it is important to identify and predict such molecules by experimental and computational methods, respectively. However, to avoid expensive experimental methods, computational algorithms have been developed for accurately and fast prediction of ncRNAs.Objective:The aim of this review was to introduce the experimental and computational methods to identify and predict ncRNAs structure. Also, we explained the ncRNA’s roles in cellular processes and drugs design, briefly.Method:In this survey, we will introduce ncRNAs and their roles in biological and medicinal processes. Then, some important laboratory techniques will be studied to identify ncRNAs. Finally, the state-of-the-art models and algorithms will be introduced along with important tools and databases.Results:The results showed that the integration of experimental and computational approaches improves to identify ncRNAs. Moreover, the high accurate databases, algorithms and tools were compared to predict the ncRNAs.Conclusion:ncRNAs prediction is an exciting research field, but there are different difficulties. It requires accurate and reliable algorithms and tools. Also, it should be mentioned that computational costs of such algorithm including running time and usage memory are very important. Finally, some suggestions were presented to improve computational methods of ncRNAs gene and structural prediction.

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