scholarly journals Cross-Layer Scheduling and Resource Allocation for Heterogeneous Traffic in 3G LTE

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Musabe ◽  
Hadi Larijani
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Heterogeneous Traffic ◽  
Cross Layer ◽  
Loss Ratio ◽  
Packet Loss Ratio ◽  
Best Effort ◽  
Proportional Fair ◽  
Real Time Traffic

3G long term evolution (LTE) introduces stringent needs in order to provide different kinds of traffic with Quality of Service (QoS) characteristics. The major problem with this nature of LTE is that it does not have any paradigm scheduling algorithm that will ideally control the assignment of resources which in turn will improve the user satisfaction. This has become an open subject and different scheduling algorithms have been proposed which are quite challenging and complex. To address this issue, in this paper, we investigate how our proposed algorithm improves the user satisfaction for heterogeneous traffic, that is, best-effort traffic such as file transfer protocol (FTP) and real-time traffic such as voice over internet protocol (VoIP). Our proposed algorithm is formulated using the cross-layer technique. The goal of our proposed algorithm is to maximize the expected total user satisfaction (total-utility) under different constraints. We compared our proposed algorithm with proportional fair (PF), exponential proportional fair (EXP-PF), and U-delay. Using simulations, our proposed algorithm improved the performance of real-time traffic based on throughput, VoIP delay, and VoIP packet loss ratio metrics while PF improved the performance of best-effort traffic based on FTP traffic received, FTP packet loss ratio, and FTP throughput metrics.

scholarly journals On the Performance of PF, MLWDF and EXP/PF algorithms in LTE

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 698-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huthaifa Al Jaradat ◽  
Kumbesan Sandrasegaran
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Spectral Efficiency ◽  
Packet Scheduling ◽  
Total Cell ◽  
Loss Ratio ◽  
Proportional Fair ◽  
Real Time Traffic ◽  
Packet Latency ◽  
Simulation Results

This paper explores the performance of three packet scheduling algorithms, namely, Proportional Fair (PF) algorithm, Exponential/Proportional Fair (EXP/PF) algorithm and Maximum Largest Weighted Delay First (MLWDF), from the real time traffic perspectives. Simulation results showed that in the downlink of the 3GPP LTE system, the MLWDF outperforms the PF and the EXP/PF algorithms in terms of packet throughput, packet-loss ratio, packet latency, fairness index and total cell spectral efficiency.

scholarly journals STUDI ANALISIS EFEK PERBEDAAN LOKASI TERHADAP PERFORMANSI VIDEO STREAMING PADA JARINGAN W-LAN INDOSAT

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Said Atamimi
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Video Streaming ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Wireless Lan ◽  
Loss Ratio ◽  
Packet Loss Ratio ◽  
Delay Jitter ◽  
User Coverage

Video streaming adalah aplikasi yang dapat melayani kebutuhan user akan data yang bersifat real time. Dengan adanya teknologi wireless LAN, user akan semakin dimudahkan dalam mengakses informasi seperti video streaming kapan saja dan di lokasi mana saja.Penelitian ini ditujukan agar dapat memperlihatkan hasil video streaming dari beberapa lokasi dalam lingkungan kantor Indosat. Dalam percobaan ini menggunakan beberapa perangkat antara lain satu buah server streaming, satu klien yang menggunakan laptop dan AP yang memang sudah ada dalam jaringan LAN Indosat serta skenario lokasi yang telah ditentukan sebagai tempat pengambilan data. Kemudian dilanjutkan pada tahap pengamatan sistem dengan melakukan peng-capture-an paket untuk mendapatkan data berupa throughput, delay, jitter, dan packet loss ratio dari tiap-tiap lokasi yang telah ditentukan.Hasil Penelitian ini, dengan adanya perbedaan lokasi mengakibatkan perbedaan dari kualitas video streaming berdasarkan parameter- parameter yang telah didapat pada percobaan.Kata Kunci : video streaming, wireless LAN, user, coverage

scholarly journals A Hybrid Rate Adaptation Framework for MPEG-4 FGS Video Streaming Over IP

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Xialin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Video Streaming ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Rate Adaptation ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Loss Ratio ◽  
Video Streams ◽  
Packet Loss Ratio ◽  
Streaming Applications

There are increasing demands for real-time streaming video applications over the Internet. However, the current generation Internet was not originally designed for real-time streaming applications and only provides best-effort services, so there are many challenges in the deployment of video streaming applications over the Internet. This thesis investigates a hybrid end-to-end rate adaptation framework that provides application-level enhancements to achieve Quality of Service (QoS) for MPEG-4 FGS-Encoded video bandwidth on the path and the terminal process capabilities based on the packet-loss ratio and then determine their subscribing rate of video streams. The sender adjusts the transmission rate based on the packet-loss ratio and then determine their subscribing rate of video streams. The sender adjusts the transmission rate based on the proportion of load status feedbacks from the receivers. The sender and the receivers act together to minimize the possibility of network congestion by adjusting the transmission rate to match the network conditions. This framework achieves inter-receiver fairness in a heterogeneous multicast environment and improves QoS stability for MPEG-4 FGS video streaming over the Internet.

scholarly journals Enabling real-time applications in Wi-Fi networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 155014771984531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Bankov ◽  
Evgeny Khorov ◽  
Andrey Lyakhov ◽  
Mark Sandal
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Remote Control ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Loss Ratio ◽  
High Importance ◽  
Real Time Traffic ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Real Time Applications

Being of high importance, real-time applications, such as online gaming, real-time video streaming, virtual reality, and remote-control drone and robots, introduce many challenges to the developers of wireless networks. Such applications pose strict requirements on the delay and packet loss ratio, and it is hardly possible to satisfy them in Wi-Fi networks that use random channel access. The article presents a novel approach to enable real-time communications by exploiting an additional radio. This approach was recently proposed by us in the IEEE 802.11 Working Group and attracted much attention. To evaluate its gain and to study how real-time traffic coexists with the usual one, a mathematical model is designed. The numerical results show that the proposed approach allows decreasing the losses and delays for the real-time traffic by orders of magnitude, while the throughput for the usual traffic is reduced insignificantly in comparison to existing networks.

scholarly journals A Hybrid Rate Adaptation Framework for MPEG-4 FGS Video Streaming Over IP

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Xialin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Video Streaming ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Rate Adaptation ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Loss Ratio ◽  
Video Streams ◽  
Packet Loss Ratio ◽  
Streaming Applications

There are increasing demands for real-time streaming video applications over the Internet. However, the current generation Internet was not originally designed for real-time streaming applications and only provides best-effort services, so there are many challenges in the deployment of video streaming applications over the Internet. This thesis investigates a hybrid end-to-end rate adaptation framework that provides application-level enhancements to achieve Quality of Service (QoS) for MPEG-4 FGS-Encoded video bandwidth on the path and the terminal process capabilities based on the packet-loss ratio and then determine their subscribing rate of video streams. The sender adjusts the transmission rate based on the packet-loss ratio and then determine their subscribing rate of video streams. The sender adjusts the transmission rate based on the proportion of load status feedbacks from the receivers. The sender and the receivers act together to minimize the possibility of network congestion by adjusting the transmission rate to match the network conditions. This framework achieves inter-receiver fairness in a heterogeneous multicast environment and improves QoS stability for MPEG-4 FGS video streaming over the Internet.

scholarly journals A heuristic cross-layer mechanism for real-time traffic over IEEE 802.16 networks

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 347-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionysia Triantafyllopoulou ◽  
Nikos Passas ◽  
Apostolis K. Salkintzis ◽  
Alexandros Kaloxylos
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Ieee 802.16 ◽  
Cross Layer ◽  
Real Time Traffic

Multilayered Quality of Service

2002 ◽  
pp. 106-122
Author(s):  
Luiz A. DaSilva
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Packet Switching ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Heterogeneous Traffic ◽  
Statistical Multiplexing ◽  
Best Effort ◽  
Switched Networks ◽  
Treat All

Today’s networks support applications that deliver text, audio, images and video, often in real time and with a high degree of interactivity, using a common infrastructure. More often than not, traffic is carried over packet-switched networks that treat all data the same, under what is known as best-effort service. Packet switching can achieve very high efficiency through statistical multiplexing of data from numerous sources; however, due to the very nature of packet switching, one should expect fluctuations in throughput, delay, reliability, etc., for any given flow. The greater the statistical multiplexing capabilities, the greater the efficiency and also the greater the variability of achieved performance; in this sense, best-effort service provides maximum efficiency with highly unpredictable service quality. Clearly, not all traffic flows are created equal. Interactive web-based applications tend to be very sensitive to throughput, while real-time voice and video are sensitive to delay and jitter, and traditional data applications such as e-mail and file transfers are fairly insensitive to fluctuations in performance. The concept of quality of service (QoS) has evolved from the realization that in networks that carry heterogeneous traffic it makes sense to treat specific classes of traffic according to their specific needs.

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