EVALUATION OF VOICE TRANSMISSION QUALITY IN THE LTE NETWORKS

Background. LTE mobile networks combine packet network technology and radio technology. Parameters of packet and radio subsystems significantly affects the quality of all traffic types transmission, especially telephone traffic, as the most demanding to such parameters of network transmission as delay, jitter and packet loss rate. The recommendations of the International Telecommunication Union and the documents of the partner organization of telecommunications operators (3GPP) contain hypothetical reference models, targets for end-to-end connection quality, and lists the factors that affect the quality (QoS) of VoLTE services. In addition, the network points are shown where you need to measure the quality of telephone traffic and tools for quality assessment. The quality of telephony services is assessed according to the E-model using the method of determining the mean opinion score (MOS). However, this technique is intended primarily to determine the MOS during the network planning. To calculate the MOS in a working network, you have to measure such network performance first such as voice delay and packet loss rate. This article presents the method of calculating MOS in the LTE network based on the E-model and presents the results of practical quality studies. Objective. The purpose of this article is research the impact of delay and packet loss ratio and voice codec characteristics in the real LTE network on quality of telephone services. Methods. Analysis of factors affecting on telephone services quality and analysis MOS assessment methods. Practical studies of the delay and packet loss ratio affect the MOS level in various conditions of radio coverage and network load. Results. Practical results of delay and packet loss ratio influence on the telephone services quality in the LTE network. Calculated MOS based on the practically measured delay and packet loss ratio. Conclusions. The combination of packet technologies, modern AMR-WB codecs and QoS support mechanisms in the LTE networks provides high quality perception of voice messages at the level of not less than 4 on the MOS scale. With a delay not exceeding 180 ms, a sufficiently high quality of voice transmission is ensured (MOS ≈ 4). VoLTE technology using the AMR-WB codec is quite resistant to packet loss and provides high quality perception of voice messages at a packet loss ratio of up to 1%.

A Hybrid Rate Adaptation Framework for MPEG-4 FGS Video Streaming Over IP

There are increasing demands for real-time streaming video applications over the Internet. However, the current generation Internet was not originally designed for real-time streaming applications and only provides best-effort services, so there are many challenges in the deployment of video streaming applications over the Internet. This thesis investigates a hybrid end-to-end rate adaptation framework that provides application-level enhancements to achieve Quality of Service (QoS) for MPEG-4 FGS-Encoded video bandwidth on the path and the terminal process capabilities based on the packet-loss ratio and then determine their subscribing rate of video streams. The sender adjusts the transmission rate based on the packet-loss ratio and then determine their subscribing rate of video streams. The sender adjusts the transmission rate based on the proportion of load status feedbacks from the receivers. The sender and the receivers act together to minimize the possibility of network congestion by adjusting the transmission rate to match the network conditions. This framework achieves inter-receiver fairness in a heterogeneous multicast environment and improves QoS stability for MPEG-4 FGS video streaming over the Internet.

A Hybrid Rate Adaptation Framework for MPEG-4 FGS Video Streaming Over IP

There are increasing demands for real-time streaming video applications over the Internet. However, the current generation Internet was not originally designed for real-time streaming applications and only provides best-effort services, so there are many challenges in the deployment of video streaming applications over the Internet. This thesis investigates a hybrid end-to-end rate adaptation framework that provides application-level enhancements to achieve Quality of Service (QoS) for MPEG-4 FGS-Encoded video bandwidth on the path and the terminal process capabilities based on the packet-loss ratio and then determine their subscribing rate of video streams. The sender adjusts the transmission rate based on the packet-loss ratio and then determine their subscribing rate of video streams. The sender adjusts the transmission rate based on the proportion of load status feedbacks from the receivers. The sender and the receivers act together to minimize the possibility of network congestion by adjusting the transmission rate to match the network conditions. This framework achieves inter-receiver fairness in a heterogeneous multicast environment and improves QoS stability for MPEG-4 FGS video streaming over the Internet.

Study of Indoor Small Cell Deployments

This work aims at studying the indoor deployment of small cells, also known as femtocells, to provide coverage to a 5×5 grid geometry. The number of deployed HeNBs is 4, 5, or 6. An updated version of LTE-Sim is considered to extract values for Exponential Effective SINR Mapping (EESM), Packet Loss Ratio (PLR), maximum number of supported users, goodput and delay. Results reveal that the use of four HeNBs corresponds to the highest values of EESM. For the considered geometry, 3GPP suggested a maximum of five HeNBs. However, this deployment shows worser performance compared to the topology with four HeNBs. The geometry with six HeNBs is the one with the best overall performance results for the 5×5 grid of apartments.

RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM PEMANTAU KUALITAS UDARA MENGGUNAKAN ARDUINO DAN LORA BERBASIS JARINGAN SENSOR NIRKABEL

Pencemaran udara merupakan permasalahan lingkungan yang sering terjadi belakangan ini, terutama pada kota-kota besar yang dipenuhi dengan pabrik dan kendaraan bermesin. Hal tersebut dapat berdampak buruk bagi kesehatan masyarakat sehingga pencemaran udara harus dicegah dan dikurangi, salah satunya dengan melakukan pemantauan kualtias udara pada suatu tempat. Rancang bangun sistem pemantau kualitas udara berbasis jaringan sensor nirkabel ini adalah sistem yang dibuat untuk melakukan pemantauan kualitas udara jarak jauh yang akan ditampilkan pada aplikasi web dalam bentuk nilai ISPU. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdapat 4 tahap yaitu identifikasi kebutuhan sistem, perancangan sistem, implementasi sistem, pengujian dan analisis sistem. Implementasi sistem menggunakan Arduino Uno sebagai pusat kendali sistem. Sistem ini juga menggunakan sensor TGS 2600 untuk mengukur kadar CO, TGS 2201 untuk mengukur kadar NO₂, GP2Y1010AU0F untuk mengukur kepadatan partikel debu, SHT11 untuk mengukur suhu dan kelembapan, serta LoRa sebagai metode komunikasi perangkat keras dengan aplikasi web Sistem ini memudahkan pengguna untuk mengetahui apabila terjadi peningkatan polusi udara pada suatu tempat. Dari hasil pengujian, sistem ini mampu melakukan pembacaan sensor sesuai dengan datasheet dan mampu mengirimkan data menuju aplikasi web menggunakan komunikasi LoRa hingga jarak 300 meter dan packet loss ratio sebesar 0%

The Evaluation QS-WFQ Scheduling Algorithm For IoT Transmission To Cloud

This study using the Weighted Fair Queue scheduling algorithm when the weights can change and calculated based on changes in the average queue size in the buffer. This algorithm divides the priorities of each sensor into three priorities, namely high, medium and low priority. Each queue is given a weight that is adjusted to the resource requirements of each traffic. High priority data will take precedence, but medium and low priority data will remain underserved and guaranteed by network resources.The results of this study show packet loss ratio when the ratio of the number of buffers and the amount of data is 1: 3 with variations in the number of high, medium and low priority buffers 75: 75: 150 and 50: 50: 200 is 0%. The delay time in the high priority and the medium priority buffer has almost the same delay time when data is transmitted, whereas for the low priority buffer increased in the delay time.

MM-PNEMO: a mathematical model to assess handoff delay and packet loss

Wireless networks incorporate Mobile Nodes (MNs) that use wireless access networks to communicate. However, the communication among these MNs are not remained stable due to the poor network coverage during inter mobility. Moreover, the wireless nodes are typically small that results in resource-constrained. Thus, it is uphill to use algorithms having giant processing power or memory footprint. Accordingly, it is essential to check schemes consistently to evaluate the performance within the probable application scenario. To do so, numerical analysis could be a notable method to grasp the performance of mobility management schemes as well as the constraint of evolving mobility management solutions specifically for multi-interfaced MR in Proxy NEMO environment. This paper analyzes handoff performance by using a mathematical model of Multihoming-based scheme to support Mobility management in Proxy NEMO (MM-PNEMO) environment. Moreover, a comparative study has been made among the standard Network Mobility Basic Support Protocol (NEMO BSP), Proxy NEMO (PNEMO) and MM-PNEMO scheme respectively. The performance metrics estimated for these schemes are mainly handoff delay and packet loss. This paper also analysed the packet loss ratio and handoff gain as a function of cell radius, number of SMR and velocity respectively. It is apparent that, the MM-PNEMO scheme shows lower packet loss ratio (1%) compared to NEMO-BSP (11%) and P-NEMO (6%).

PEMODELAN DAN SIMULASI JARINGAN BACKBONE METRO ETHERNET KOTA SEMARANG TAHUN 2028 MENGGUNAKAN SIMULATOR RIVERBED MODELER 17.5

Metro Ethernet merupakan salah satu teknologi untuk memberikan solusi terintegrasi untuk layanan suara, data dan video dalam cakupan yang luas (perkotaan). Teknologi ini memiliki kecepatan transmisi data sebesar 10 Mbps - 100 Gbps. Suatu jaringan harus memiliki kualitas layanan dan kapasitas yang memadai baik dari segi kapasitas link, router dan performansi QoS (Quality of Service). Pada penelitian ini, dirancang jaringan metro ethernet dengan kapasitas sesuai kebutuhan masyarakat kota Semarang tahun 2028 dengan kualias layanan yang sesuai dengan standar PT. Telkom dan ITU-T. Pemodelan dan pembuatan simulasi rancangan jaringan menggunakan perangkat lunak Riverbed Modeler 17.5. Perbandingan protocol routing RIP dan OSPF dengan parameter waktu konvergensi dilakukan sebelum analisis QoS, dengan tujuan mendapatkan rekomendasi protocol routing yang terbaik. Analisis parameter QoS yang diukur meliputi round trip delay (RTD), jitter, packet loss, utilisasi dan volume trafik. Hasil perbandingan protocol routing menunjukkan bahwa protocol routing OSPF memiliki waktu konvergensi lebih cepat 2 kali lipat dari protokol RIP. Hasil analisis QoS menyatakan bahwa QoS semua link telah sesuai dengan standar yang ada, nilai terbesar untuk RTD adalah 1,265 ms, untuk jitter adalah 0,7331 ms, untuk packet loss ratio adalah 0,00019214 %, untuk utilisasi tertinggi yaitu 58,4%, dan volume trafik terbesar adalah 91.636 Mbps.

Performance evaluation of vanets using wireshark

Vehicular Adhoc Networks (VANETs) have become a hot area of research and development since few years. It is actually a subclass of Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs) where each node is a vehicle and when the nodes come in the communication range of each other, they form a network. In VANETs, Vehicle to Vehicle(V2V) and Vehicle to Infrastructure(V2I) communication takes place where nodes themselves acts as servers and /or clients for sharing & exchanging of information. VANETs find applications in road safety also have the potential to improve traffic efficiency and convenience by communicating with peer vehicles and roadside units. As the nodes move with high speed, the topology is dynamically varying and designing a routing protocol for such a dynamically varying network is a challenge. Also other challenges of VANETs are security, connectivity among vehicles, cross layer design issues, mobility & validation.In this paper, a VANET scenario is simulated using Wireshark Simulator in IEEE 802.16e (WiMAX) and IEEE 802.11p (WAVE) environment and the performance evaluation parameters like packet loss ratio and throughput. The simulation results are performed by scaling the network size using both the environments i.e., WiMax and WAVE and the results are evaluated by comparing throughput and packet loss ratio. WiMAX outperforms WAVE in a VANET environment in a big network