Multivariate-Statistical Assessment of Heavy Metals for Agricultural Soils in Northern China

The study evaluated eight heavy metals content and soil pollution from agricultural soils in northern China. Multivariate and geostatistical analysis approaches were used to determine the anthropogenic and natural contribution of soil heavy metal concentrations. Single pollution index and integrated pollution index could be used to evaluate soil heavy metal risk. The results show that the first factor explains 27.3% of the eight soil heavy metals with strong positive loadings on Cu, Zn, and Cd, which indicates that Cu, Zn, and Cd are associated with and controlled by anthropic activities. The average value of heavy metal is lower than the second grade standard values of soil environmental quality standards in China. Single pollution index is lower than 1, and the Nemerow integrated pollution index is 0.305, which means that study area has not been polluted. The semivariograms of soil heavy metal single pollution index fitted spherical and exponential models. The variable ratio of single pollution index showed moderately spatial dependence. Heavy metal contents showed relative safety in the study area.

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Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Soils around Coal Mine Spoil Piles in Shiguai District of Baotou, Inner Mongolia, Northern China

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.2068 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 518-523 ◽

pp. 2068-2072 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ren Xin Zhao ◽

Wei Guo ◽

Wen Hui Sun ◽

Wei Nan Gao ◽

Xiao Ling Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Coal Mine ◽

Inner Mongolia ◽

Metal Contamination ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Northern China ◽

Mine Spoil ◽

Pollution Level

The concentration of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn and Fe) were studied around coal mine spoil piles in Shiguai district of Baotou located in Inner Mongolia grassland and desert transition zone. Aim of the study is to control soil heavy metal pollution of coal mining area and provide the basic data information. The results indicated that concentrations of Cu, Cr, Ni and Zn in the soil along the roadsides were higher than other sampling areas. The pollution characteristic and the elements of heavy metal contamination were corresponding with the concentrations of the different types of coal mine spoils. According to the single factor pollution index, soils from different regions were contaminated by Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn and Fe in varying degree. The pollution degree was in order: Cu > Cr > Fe > Zn > Ni > Mn. Nemerow’s synthetical pollution index indicated that soils from the roadsides had the most serious heavy metal contamination, the index was 3.11. The order of pollution level in different regions was: roadsides > flood land > farmland > woodland. The health and stabilization of environmental quality are being threatened by soil heavy metals.

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Assessment of Potential Heavy Metal Contamination in the Agricultural Soils Based on Various Improved Evaluation Methods in Beijing, China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-266726/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rui Chen ◽

Xuying Cai ◽

Guoyu Ding ◽

Fumin Ren ◽

Qi Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Agricultural Products ◽

Analytic Hierarchy ◽

Average Value ◽

Farmland Soil ◽

Beijing China

Abstract The evaluation of the soil contaminated by heavy metals can help to judge whether the soil meets the standard and whether the pollution will threaten human health and the ecological environment. In this study, the farmland soil from eight districts in Beijing was used as the research object, and the concentration of heavy metal elements, Pb, As and Cd in the soils and agricultural products were analyzed. The analysis results showed that: (1) The evaluation based on the improved Hakanson method suggested that the crops exhibit a significantly higher ability to absorb Cd than to absorb Pb and As. Pb, As and Cd are all at normal level of ecological risk; among them, Cd is mainly in a moderate ecological risk, without strong ecological risk. (2) Based on the Improved analytic hierarchy process(AHP) of evaluation, 0.2317 is the average value of the integrated index of heavy metal pollution of soil in the study area, which is a mild level of pollution. (3) Through the calculation of various parameters in the Influence index of comprehensive quality(IICQ) of soil and agricultural products, it was found that 0＜IICQS＜1, suggesting that the environmental quality of soil is at a clean level. In summary, the pollution of heavy metals Pb, As and Cd in the farmland soils and crops in the eight districts of Beijing, including Fangshan, Daxing, Shunyi, and Shijingshan is at a low level, and no significant impact has been brought to the surrounding environment.

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Distribution Characteristic and Assessment of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution around Baotou Tailings in Inner Mongolia, China

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.2730 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 356-360 ◽

pp. 2730-2736 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ren Xin Zhao ◽

Wei Guo ◽

Wen Hui Sun ◽

Shi Lei Xue ◽

Bo Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Pollution ◽

Heavy Metal Pollution ◽

Inner Mongolia ◽

Metal Contamination ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Soil Heavy Metals ◽

Soil Heavy Metal

The pollution status and total concentration of soil heavy metals were analyzed around Baotou tailing reservoir located in Inner Mongolia grassland and desert transition zone. Aim of the study is to control soil heavy metal pollution of Baotou tailings and provide the basic data information. The results indicated that concentrations of Pb, Zn and Mn from different directions of the tailing reservoir changed significantly with distance and were higher than the background values of Inner Mongolia. According to the single factor pollution index, soils from different directions were contaminated by Pb, Cu, Zn and Mn. The pollution degree was in order: Mn > Pb > Zn > Cu> Cr > Ni > As. According to Nemerow’s synthetical pollution index, soils collected from the southeast of the tailing reservoir had the most serious heavy metal contamination, the index was 11.1. The order of pollution level in different directions was southeast > northeast > southwest > northwest, which was mainly affected by the dominant wind of northwest. In general, the pollution characteristic and the elements of heavy metal contamination were corresponding with the concentrations of iron tailings. The health and stabilization of environmental quality are being threatened by soil heavy metals.

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Geochemical assessment of heavy metal impact on soil around Ewu-Elepe Dumpsite, Lagos State, Nigeria

Ife Journal of Science ◽

10.4314/ijs.v22i3.10 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 119-138

Author(s):

A.O. Olorunfemi ◽

A.B. Alao-Daniel ◽

T.A. Adesiyan ◽

C.E. Onah

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Control Sample ◽

Shallow Groundwater ◽

Contamination Factor ◽

Heavy Metal Concentration ◽

Geochemical Data ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Accumulation Index

The concentrations of certain heavy metals in the top soils around the Ewu-Elepe dumpsite and its environs were determined with a view to ascertaining the level of metal pollution in the soils of the dumpsite vicinity. Thirty-two (32) soil samples were randomly collected within the dumpsite vicinity and one control sample was collected from a distance of about 9.0 km from the dumpsite. The samples were prepared according to standard procedures and analyzed for some heavy metals (Ni, Mn, Co, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer at the Geochemistry Laboratory of the Department of Geology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. The geochemical data was subjected to both univariate and multivariate statistical treatments and comparisons were made with various world standards. The results obtained showed that the mean concentrations of Ni (12.00 ppm), Mn (525.60 ppm), Co (5.64 ppm), Cu (44.59 ppm), and Zn (105.28 ppm) were within the acceptable limits for agricultural soils while those of Cd (1.40 ppm) and Pb (33.74 ppm) exceeded the limits. Geo-accumulation index and contamination factor revealed that the soils around the dumpsite were moderately contaminated with Cd and slightly contaminated with Pb. The overall decreasing order of heavy metal concentration in the dumpsite soil is: Cd > Pb > Zn > Cu > Mn > Co > Ni. The study concluded that the soils around the Ewu-Elepe dumpsite was contaminated with Cd and Pb and as such should be discouraged in its usage for agricultural related purposes as these highly toxic trace elements can be absorbed by plants. A well-engineered landfill that takes into consideration the local geology and the topography of the area should be designed so as to prevent infiltration of leachates into the soil and shallow groundwater systems. Keywords - Heavy metals, Soil,Ewu-Elepe,Nigeria,Dumpsite,Contamination.

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Distribution and Contamination Status of Heavy Metals in the Surface Sediments along Western Coast of Bali Strait, Banyuwangi

TORANI: Journal of Fisheries and Marine Science ◽

10.35911/torani.v1i2.4439 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Defri Yona ◽

Syarifah Hikmah Julinda Sari ◽

Anedathama Kretarta ◽

Citra Ravena Putri Effendy ◽

Misba Nur Aini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Pollution ◽

Contamination Factor ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Western Coast ◽

Sampling Locations ◽

Accumulation Index ◽

Geo Accumulation Index ◽

Geo Accumulation

This study attempted to analyze the distribution and contamination status of heavy metals (Cu, Fe and Zn) along western coast of Bali Strait in Banyuwangi, East Java. Bali Strait is one of the many straits in Indonesia with high fisheries activities that could potentially contributed to high heavy metal pollution. There were five sampling areas from the north to south: Pantai Watu Dodol, Pantai Kalipuro, Ketapang Port, Pantai Boom and Muncar as the fish landing area. Heavy metal pollution in these locations comes from many different activities such as tourism, fish capture and fish industry and also domestic activities. Contamination factor (CF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and enrichment factor (EF) of each heavy metal were calculated to obtain contamination status of the research area. The concentrations of Fe were observed the highest (1.5-129.9 mg/kg) followed by Zn (13.2-23.5 mg/kg) and Cu (2.2-7.8 mg/kg). The distribution of Cu, Fe and Zn showed variability among the sampling locations in which high concentrations of Cu and Zn were higher in Ketapang Port, whereas high concentration of Fe was high in almost all sampling locations. According to the pollution index, contamination factors of Cu, Fe and Zn were low (CF < 1 and Igeo < 1). However, high index of EF (> 50) showed high influence of the anthropogenic activities to the contribution of the metals to the environment. This could also because of the high background value used in the calculation of the index due to the difficulties in finding background value from the sampling areas.Keywords: heavy metals, pollution index, contamination factor, geo-accumulation index, Bali Strait

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Source and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soil–Ginger System in the Jing River Basin of Shandong Province, North China

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18136749 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (13) ◽

pp. 6749

Author(s):

Songtao Wang ◽

Zongjun Gao ◽

Yuqi Zhang ◽

Hairui Zhang ◽

Zhen Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

River Basin ◽

Soil Profile ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Potential Ecological Risk ◽

Average Concentration ◽

Anthropogenic Factors ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Cr Content

This study investigated the characteristics and sources of heavy metals in a soil–ginger system and assessed their health risks. To this end, 321 topsoil samples and eight soil samples from a soil profile, and 18 ginger samples with root–soil were collected from a ginger-planting area in the Jing River Basin. The average concentration of heavy metals in the topsoil followed the order: Cr > Zn > Pb > Ni > Cu > As > Cd > Hg. In the soil profile, at depths greater than 80 cm, the contents of Cr, Ni, and Zn tended to increase with depth, which may be related to the parent materials, whereas As and Cu contents showed little change. In contrast, Pb content decreased sharply from top to bottom, which may be attributable to external environmental and anthropogenic factors. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cd contents in soil are affected by natural sources, Pb and As contents are significantly affected by human activities, and Hg content is affected by farmland irrigation. Combined results of the single pollution index (Pi), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), and potential ecological risk assessment (Ei and RI) suggest that soil in the study area is generally not polluted by heavy metals. In ginger, Zn content was the highest (2.36 mg/kg) and Hg content was the lowest (0.0015 mg/kg). Based on the bioconcentration factor, Cd and Zn have high potential for enrichment in ginger. With reference to the limit of heavy metals in tubers, Cr content in ginger exceeds the standard in the study area. Although Cr does not accumulate in ginger, Cr enrichment in soil significantly increases the risk of excessive Cr content in ginger.

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Arsenic and heavy metal concentrations in agricultural soils in South Savo province

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.5731 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 285-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

V. MÄNTYLAHTI ◽

P. LAAKSO

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Potential Hazard ◽

Metal Concentrations ◽

Limit Values ◽

Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽

Target Values

Increasing concentrations of arsenic and heavy metals in agricultural soils are becoming a growing problem in industrialized countries. These harmful elements represent the basis of a range of problems in the food chain, and are a potential hazard for animal and human health. It is therefore important to gauge their absolute and relative concentrations in soils that are used for crop production. In this study the arsenic and heavy metal concentrations in 274 mineral soil samples and 38 organogenic soil samples taken from South Savo province in 2000 were determined using the aqua regia extraction technique. The soil samples were collected from 23 farms.The elements analyzed were arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, nickel, lead and zinc. The median concentrations in the mineral soils were:As 2.90 mg kg 1, Cd 0.084 mg kg 1, Cr 17.0 mg kg 1, Cu 13.0 mg kg 1, Hg 0.060 mg kg 1, Ni 5.4 mg kg 1, Pb 7.7 mg kg 1, Zn 36.5 mg kg 1. The corresponding values in the organogenic soils were:As 2.80 mg kg 1, Cd 0.265 mg kg 1, Cr 15.0 mg kg 1, Cu 29.0 mg kg 1, Hg 0.200 mg kg 1, Ni 5.9 mg kg 1, Pb 11.0 mg kg 1, Zn 25.5 mg kg 1. The results indicated that cadmium and mercury concentrations in the mineral and organogenic soils differed. Some of the arsenic, cadmium and mercury concentrations exceeded the normative values but did not exceed limit values. Most of the agricultural fields in South Savo province contained only small amounts of arsenic and heavy metals and could be classified as Clean Soil. A draft for the target values of arsenic and heavy metal concentrations in Clean Soil is presented.;

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Distribution, source, water quality and health risk assessment of dissolved heavy metals in major rivers in Wuhan, China

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.11853 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e11853

Author(s):

Xingyong Zhang ◽

Qixin Wu ◽

Shilin Gao ◽

Zhuhong Wang ◽

Shouyang He

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Health Risk ◽

Health Risk Assessment ◽

Metal Pollution ◽

Heavy Metal Pollution ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Carcinogenic Risk ◽

Source Water Quality

Heavy metals are released into the water system through various natural processes and anthropogenic activities, thus indirectly or directly endangering human health. The distribution, source, water quality and health risk assessment of dissolved heavy metals (V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Mo, Sb) in major rivers in Wuhan were analyzed by correlation analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), heavy metal pollution index (HPI), hazard index (HI) and carcinogenic risk (CR). The results showed that the spatial variability of heavy metal contents was pronounced. PCA and CA results indicated that natural sources controlled Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Mo, and industrial emissions were the dominant factor for V, Zn and Sb, while As was mainly from the mixed input of urban and agricultural activities. According to the heavy metal pollution index (HPI, ranging from 23.74 to 184.0) analysis, it should be noted that As and Sb contribute most of the HPI values. The health risk assessment using HI and CR showed that V and Sb might have a potential non-carcinogenic risk and As might have a potential carcinogenic risk to adults and children in the study area (CR value exceeded target risk 10−4). At the same time, it was worth noting that As might have a potential non-carcinogenic risk for children around QLR (HI value exceeded the threshold value 1). The secular variation of As and Sb should be monitor in high-risk areas. The results of this study can provide important data for improving water resources management efficiency and heavy metal pollution prevention in Wuhan.

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Data Analysis of Beach Sands’ Chemical Analysis Using Multivariate Statistical Methods and Heavy Metal Distribution Maps: The Case of Moonlight Beach Sands, Kemer, Antalya, Turkey

Symmetry ◽

10.3390/sym12091538 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 1538 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fusun Yalcin

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Chemical Analysis ◽

Statistical Methods ◽

Risk Index ◽

Multivariate Statistical Methods ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Distribution Maps ◽

Beach Sands

Multivariate statistical methods are widely used in several disciplines of fundamental sciences. In the present study, the data analysis of the chemical analysis of the sands of Moonlight Beach in the Kemer region was examined using multivariate statistical methods. This study consists of three parts. The multivariate statistical analysis tests were described in the first part, then the pollution indexes were studied in the second part. Finally, the distribution maps of the chemical analyses and pollution indexes were generated using the obtained data. The heavy metals were mostly observed in location K1, while they were sorted as follows based on their concentrations: Mg > Fe > Al > Ti > Sr > Mn > Cr > Ni > Zn > Zr > Cu > Rb. Also, strong positive correlations were found between Si, Fe, Al, K, Ti, P. According to the results of factor analysis, it was found that four factors explained 83.5% of the total variance. On the other hand, the coefficient of determination (R2) was calculated as 63.6% in the regression model. Each unit increase in the value of Ti leads to an increase of 0.022 units in the value of Si. Potential Ecological Risk Index analysis results (RI < 150) revealed that the study area had no risk. However, the locations around Moonlight Beach are under risk in terms of Enrichment Factor and Contamination Factor values. The index values of heavy metals in the anomaly maps and their densities were found to be successful; and higher densities were observed based on heavy metal anomalies.

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Risk estimation and multivariate statistical analysis of the heavy metal content of drinking water samples

Toxicology and Industrial Health ◽

10.1177/0748233718773024 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (10) ◽

pp. 714-725

Author(s):

Rajan Jakhu ◽

Rohit Mehra

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Water Samples ◽

Multivariate Statistical Analysis ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Principal Component ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Drinking Water Samples

Drinking water samples of Jaipur and Ajmer districts of Rajasthan, India, were collected and analyzed for the measurement of concentration of heavy metals. The purpose of this study was to determine the sources of the heavy metals in the drinking water. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used for the determination of the heavy metal concentrations, and for the statistical analysis of the data, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were performed. It was observed from the results that with respect to WHO guidelines, the water samples of some locations exceeded the contamination levels for lead (Pb), selenium (Se), and mercury (Hg), and with reference to the EPA guidelines, the samples were determined unsuitable for drinking because of high concentrations of Pb and Hg. Using multivariate statistical analysis, we determined that copper, manganese, arsenic, Se, and Hg were of anthropogenic origin, while Pb, copper, and cadmium were of geogenic origin. The present study reports the dominance of the anthropogenic contributions over geogenics in the studied area. The sources of the anthropogenic contaminants need to be investigated in a future study.

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