In VitroAssessment of Cytotoxicity, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities ofRicinus communis(Euphorbiaceae) Leaf Extracts
Ricinus communishas been utilized traditionally as medicine to treat inflammatory related diseases including wounds, sores, and boils. The leaves ofR. communiswere sequentially extracted withn-hexane, dichloromethane, acetone, and methanol using serial exhaustive extraction method. Antioxidant activity of all crude extracts was quantitatively measured against 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) free radical molecules using ABTS+assay. Cytotoxic effect and anti-inflammatory activity ofR. communisleaves extracts were evaluated on Human Caucasian skin fibroblast and Raw 264.7 macrophage cell lines, respectively. Methanol extract had the highest percentage free radical (ABTS+) scavenging activity of 95% at 2.50 mg/mL, acetone 91%, dichloromethane 62%, and hexane the least (50%). Percentage scavenging activity of ABTS+free radical molecules increases with increase in concentrations of the plant extracts. Hexane and dichloromethane extracts had more than 90% cell viability at 100 µg/mL after 24 and 48 hours of exposure. Methanol extract had LC50of 784 µg/mL after 24-hour exposure, hexane had 629.3 µg/mL and dichloromethane 573.6 µg/mL, and 544.6 µg/mL was the lowest with acetone extract. The study present the first report on the scavenging activity ofR. communisleaf extracts against ABTS+radicals and cytotoxic effects on human Caucasian skin fibroblast cell lines.