scholarly journals Adult Separation Anxiety and TCI-R Personality Dimensions in Patients with Anxiety, Alcohol Use, and Gambling: A Preliminary Report

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gino Pozzi ◽  
Angelo Bruschi ◽  
Andrea De Angelis ◽  
Marco Pascucci ◽  
Daniele Stavros Hatzigiakoumis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Separation Anxiety ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Separation Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Personality Correlates ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Self Transcendence

Background. Nowadays, adult separation anxiety disorder (ASAD) is an established diagnostic category but is little investigated in subjects with addictive behaviours.Objective. To assess the presence of ASAD among patients with addictive disorders in comparison with anxiety patients and measure the personality correlates in all these groups.Methods. 103 outpatients, meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria for anxiety disorders (38 patients), alcohol dependence (30 patients), or pathological gambling (35 patients), were assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for Separation Anxiety Symptoms (SCI-SAS) and the Adult Separation Anxiety Checklist (ASA-27) for separation anxiety and by the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R) for personality characteristics.Results. ASAD is detected in 34.2% of anxiety patients, 13.3% of alcoholics, and 11.4% of gamblers. Separation anxiety scores correlate positively with harm avoidance and negatively with self-directedness in all groups; further correlations are seen among addictive patients only, that is, self-transcendence for gamblers and cooperativeness for both alcoholics and gamblers.Conclusions. The prevalence of ASAD is lower among addictive patients than in those with anxiety disorders; correlations are found between separation anxiety and specific TCI-R dimensions, with some matching across the three diagnostic groups.

scholarly journals The relationship between temperament and character and subclinical psychotic-like experiences in healthy adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 352-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.C. Nitzburg ◽  
A.K. Malhotra ◽  
P. DeRosse
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Personality Correlates ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBackgroundConsiderable data support phenomenological and temporal continuity between psychotic disorders and subclinical psychotic-like experiences (PLE's). Although numerous studies have found similar personality correlates for schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder patients, their unaffected first-degree relatives, and healthy adults characterized for schizotypal traits, no study has yet investigated personality correlates of PLE's measured by the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE). Our study sought to examine personality correlates of PLE's using the CAPE in healthy adults.MethodThe CAPE and temperament and character inventory (TCI) were administered to 415 healthy adults. Regressions examined links between TCI traits and overall PLE levels as well as positive and negative PLE's separately.ResultsConsistent with past studies, lower self-directedness (SD) and reward dependence (RD) and higher self-transcendence (ST) and harm avoidance (HA) significantly predicted overall PLE levels. Higher ST and persistence (P) and lower SD significantly predicted higher levels of positive PLE's while lower SD and RD and higher HA, ST, and cooperativeness (C) predicted higher levels of negative PLE's.ConclusionsAssociations between TCI and PLE's using the CAPE are strikingly similar to past work in non-clinical and patient samples and provide additional support for phenomenological continuity between psychotic disorders and sub-syndromal psychotic symptoms.

Temperament and Character Inventory in Homicidal, Nonaddicted Paranoid Schizophrenic Patients: A Preliminary Study

2004 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel J. Vandamme ◽  
Jean-Louis Nandrino
Keyword(s):  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Psychiatric History ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Additional Element ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenic ◽  
Self Transcendence

This study assessed the personalities of 13 murderer schizophrenics using Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory, controlling different factors such as institution, treatment, detention or loss of liberty, and can discriminate between schizophrenic patients involved in homicide, schizophrenics with no past violent behavior, paranoiac murderers, and imprisoned murderers with no psychiatric history. Results show significantly that murderer schizophrenics had significantly higher scores on the subscale, Self-transcendence, than other groups, which suggests that Self-transcendence as measured may be an aggravating factor for schizophrenia and may be found in the personality of schizophrenic subjects who performed homicidal acts. This dimension constitutes a way and an additional element for diagnosis not available with the DSM–IV criteria. It may help understanding and predicting violent behavior among schizophrenic patients.

Temperament and character inventory (TCI) personality profile in metamphetamine abusers: a controlled study

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Hosák ◽  
Marek Preiss ◽  
Martin Halíř ◽  
Eva Čermáková ◽  
Ladislav Csémy
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Personality Profile ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Self Transcendence

AbstractWe applied the temperament and character inventory (TCI) personality questionnaire in 41 inpatients dependent on metamphetamine, and 35 controls. Novelty seeking, harm avoidance and self-transcendence were significantly higher, and persistence, self-directedness and cooperativeness were significantly lower in the patients than in the healthy volunteers. The detected differences may be important for prevention and treatment.

Overview of Anxiety Disorders

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon E Grant
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Separation Anxiety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Specific Phobia ◽  
Separation Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Psychosocial Impairment

Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric disorders among adults in the United States. Although anxiety disorders generally result in significant psychosocial impairment, most adults do not seek treatment until many years after the onset of the anxiety disorder. The treatment literature for anxiety disorder has grown tremendously since the 1980s, and both psychotherapy and medications may prove beneficial for people with anxiety disorders. This review presents a general overview of the anxiety disorders. This review contains 7 tables, and 33 references. Key words: agoraphobia, anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, separation anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, specific phobia, treatment of anxiety

DSM-IV criteria for childhood separation anxiety disorder: Informant, age, and sex differences

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 946-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Allen ◽  
Kristen L. Lavallee ◽  
Chantal Herren ◽  
Katharina Ruhe ◽  
Silvia Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Separation Anxiety ◽  
Separation Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Age And Sex

Epidemiology of anxiety disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 917-927
Author(s):  
Hans-Ulrich Wittchen ◽  
Katja Beesdo-Baum
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Separation Anxiety ◽  
Separation Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Pathological Anxiety

This chapter describes the prevalence, onset, course, persistence, comorbidity, and outcome, as well as correlates and risk factors of anxiety disorders, namely separation anxiety disorder, specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, panic disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder. The focus is laid upon the early years of life (childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood), given that most anxiety disorders have their onset at this time, typically persisting over the life course, and thus representing powerful risk factors for the onset of subsequent mental disorders such as depression and substance use disorders. Despite progress, continued research efforts are needed towards identifying which vulnerability and risk factors play a causal role for the onset and persistence of pathological anxiety. An improved understanding of the complex underlying biological and psychological mechanisms and interactions is crucial to facilitate more effective targeted prevention research and treatment.

Bupropion for Smoking Cessation in Schizophrenia

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
H.-Y. Lee ◽  
R.-H. Kang ◽  
J.-W. Paik ◽  
Y.-H. Ko ◽  
M.-S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Ward ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Treatment Team ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Dsm Iv

Bupropion is a catecholamine reuptake inhibitor and also a potent noncompetitive ion channel site antagonist at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Bupropion is indicated for use in combination with behavioral modification programs for smoking cessation. There have been a few studies about the effect of bupropion on smoking cessation in schizophrenia. Therefore, we aimed investigated the change of the symptomatology after smoking cessation with bupropion in the patients with schizophrenia.There were fifty-six patients with smoking in the psychiatric ward of Hapcheon Korea Hospital. among them, thirty-nine inpatients meeting the DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia were recruited. for 4 weeks, treatment team persuaded the patients to enter the program of smoking cessation. with the exception, if the patients did not agree the program, the patients were able to be transferred to another ward that smoking was permitted. All patients agreed to the program. Postive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), Temperament and Character Inventory(TCI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI), Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence(FTND) were evaluated at the beginning of the study and 12 weeks of Bupropion treatment.At 12 weeks after successful smoking cessation with bupropion, FTND scores were significantly decreased after smoking cessation. the scores of STAI and PANSS were not significantly changed. the subcale of TCI, Novelty Seeking showed decreasing tendency after smoking cessation, although there was no statistical significance(p=0.054).These results suggest that bupropion is an effective antidepressant on smoking cessation and does not aggravate the psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. Further investigation with larger number of subjects is needed.

Distributions by Age and Sex of the Dimensions of Temperament and Character Inventory in a Cross-Cultural Perspective among Sweden, Germany, and the USA

2001 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 747-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Brändström ◽  
Jörg Richter ◽  
Tom Przybeck
Keyword(s):  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Biosocial Theory ◽  
Age Cohort ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Age And Sex

Distribution by age and sex of the dimensions of the Temperament and Character Inventory were assessed cross-culturally for samples in Sweden, Germany, and the USA. The Temperament and Character Inventory is a 240-item (Sweden, 238-item), self-administered, true-false format, paper-and-pencil test developed by Cloninger and his coworkers based on his unified biosocial theory of personality. The inventory measures the Temperament dimensions Novelty Seeking, Harm Avoidance, Reward Dependence, and Persistence as well as the Character dimensions, Self-directedness, Cooperativeness, and Self-transcendence. The samples consisted of 300 German subjects, 300 Swedish subjects, and 300 U.S. subjects matched by age cohort and sex. Stability of the personality dimensions was evaluated across samples as were their age and sex distributions. We found significant effects of age, sex, and culture in univeriate and multivariate comparisons on the personality dimensions. However, several significant differences in the personality dimensions for both European samples appear to be similar compared with those of the U.S. sample. We have to conclude that sex- and age-specific norms for the dimensions of the Temperament and Character Inventory are necessary given the established significant differences.

An Iranian (Farsi) Version of the Temperament and Character Inventory: A Cross-Cultural Comparison

2007 ◽  
Vol 100 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1218-1228
Author(s):  
Jörg Richter ◽  
Sven Brändström ◽  
Habib Emami ◽  
Mehdi Ghazinour
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Rotation Method ◽  
Iranian Version ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Personality Facets ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Farsi Version

The Temperament and Character Inventory is a widely used personality questionnaire. It was developed to measure the four temperament dimensions of Novelty Seeking, Harm Avoidance, Reward Dependence, and Persistence, as well as three character dimensions, such as Self-directedness, Cooperativeness, and Self-transcendence, described in Cloninger's unified biosocial theory of personality. In a sample of 300 Germans, 300 Swedes, and 316 Iranian subjects, a factorial structure analysis using the Procrustes rotation method showed the structure of personality to be generally equivalent across cultures. Noteworthy cultural differences between the overall Asian and European subjects reflected by the data were observed in various Temperament and Character dimensions. Seemingly, there are cultural differences in the expression of the various personality facets that require a replacement of many items in the Iranian version. The Temperament and Character Inventory is sensitive to age, sex, and cultural differences in personality.

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