scholarly journals The relationship between temperament and character and subclinical psychotic-like experiences in healthy adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 352-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.C. Nitzburg ◽  
A.K. Malhotra ◽  
P. DeRosse
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Personality Correlates ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBackgroundConsiderable data support phenomenological and temporal continuity between psychotic disorders and subclinical psychotic-like experiences (PLE's). Although numerous studies have found similar personality correlates for schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder patients, their unaffected first-degree relatives, and healthy adults characterized for schizotypal traits, no study has yet investigated personality correlates of PLE's measured by the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE). Our study sought to examine personality correlates of PLE's using the CAPE in healthy adults.MethodThe CAPE and temperament and character inventory (TCI) were administered to 415 healthy adults. Regressions examined links between TCI traits and overall PLE levels as well as positive and negative PLE's separately.ResultsConsistent with past studies, lower self-directedness (SD) and reward dependence (RD) and higher self-transcendence (ST) and harm avoidance (HA) significantly predicted overall PLE levels. Higher ST and persistence (P) and lower SD significantly predicted higher levels of positive PLE's while lower SD and RD and higher HA, ST, and cooperativeness (C) predicted higher levels of negative PLE's.ConclusionsAssociations between TCI and PLE's using the CAPE are strikingly similar to past work in non-clinical and patient samples and provide additional support for phenomenological continuity between psychotic disorders and sub-syndromal psychotic symptoms.

The relationship between temperament and character and psychotic-like experiences in healthy children and adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 60-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.C. Nitzburg ◽  
C.B. Gopin ◽  
B.D. Peters ◽  
K.H. Karlsgodt ◽  
AK Malhotra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Personality Profiles ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Personality Correlates ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Personality Pattern ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBackgroundPrior work by our group identified personality profiles associated with psychotic-like experiences (PLE's) in healthy adults that were strikingly similar to those found in schizophrenia patients, with the exception of two key differences. Specifically, higher levels of PLE's were linked to higher persistence and cooperativeness, suggesting that these characteristics might represent personality-based resilience factors. Notably, age and personality were significantly correlated in these data, raising questions about whether healthy children and adolescents would show similar results. To date, no study has examined personality profiles associated with both positive and negative PLE's in healthy children and adolescents using Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Thus, this study examined the relationship between TCI dimensions and PLE's in healthy children and adolescents.MethodThe TCI and the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) were administered to 123 healthy children and adolescents aged 8–18. Multiple regression models were used to examine personality dimensions associated with overall severity of PLE's as well as severity of positive and negative PLE's separately.ResultsPositive, negative, and overall PLE severity were all associated with a personality pattern of higher harm avoidance and lower self-directedness. Negative PLE severity was also associated with lower persistence.ConclusionsPersonality correlates of PLE's in healthy children and adolescents were largely consistent with our past work on PLE's in healthy adults. However, our previously identified resilience factors were notably absent in this sample. These findings may suggest that these personality characteristics have not yet crystallized or emerged to aid in coping with PLE's.

scholarly journals Adult Separation Anxiety and TCI-R Personality Dimensions in Patients with Anxiety, Alcohol Use, and Gambling: A Preliminary Report

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gino Pozzi ◽  
Angelo Bruschi ◽  
Andrea De Angelis ◽  
Marco Pascucci ◽  
Daniele Stavros Hatzigiakoumis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Separation Anxiety ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Separation Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Personality Correlates ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Self Transcendence

Background. Nowadays, adult separation anxiety disorder (ASAD) is an established diagnostic category but is little investigated in subjects with addictive behaviours.Objective. To assess the presence of ASAD among patients with addictive disorders in comparison with anxiety patients and measure the personality correlates in all these groups.Methods. 103 outpatients, meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria for anxiety disorders (38 patients), alcohol dependence (30 patients), or pathological gambling (35 patients), were assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for Separation Anxiety Symptoms (SCI-SAS) and the Adult Separation Anxiety Checklist (ASA-27) for separation anxiety and by the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R) for personality characteristics.Results. ASAD is detected in 34.2% of anxiety patients, 13.3% of alcoholics, and 11.4% of gamblers. Separation anxiety scores correlate positively with harm avoidance and negatively with self-directedness in all groups; further correlations are seen among addictive patients only, that is, self-transcendence for gamblers and cooperativeness for both alcoholics and gamblers.Conclusions. The prevalence of ASAD is lower among addictive patients than in those with anxiety disorders; correlations are found between separation anxiety and specific TCI-R dimensions, with some matching across the three diagnostic groups.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Personality and Depression in Expectant Parents

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elda Andriola ◽  
Michela Di Trani ◽  
Annarita Grimaldi ◽  
Renato Donfrancesco
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Reward Dependence ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Expectant Fathers ◽  
Expectant Mothers ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
The Relationship

Several studies assessed the relationship between depression and dimensions of temperament/character using the Cloninger's model of personality and the TCI-R. The aim of this study is clarify the relation between depression and personality in men and women who are expecting a baby. The Temperament and Character Inventory—Revised Form and the Beck Depression Inventory were administered to 65 pregnant women and 37 husbands during the last quarter of pregnancy. ANOVAs showed that pregnant women had higher levels of depression, reward dependence, and self-transcendence than the expectant fathers. Hierarchical Multiple Regression Analysis in the pregnant women group showed that harm avoidance and self-directedness were significant predictors of the level of depression. In the expectant fathers, only self-directedness was a significant predictor of depression. Low TCI-R self-directedness is a strong predictor of depression in expectant parents during pregnancy regardless of gender, and high TCI-R harm avoidance is an additional predictor of depression in expectant mothers.

Temperament and character inventory (TCI) personality profile in metamphetamine abusers: a controlled study

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Hosák ◽  
Marek Preiss ◽  
Martin Halíř ◽  
Eva Čermáková ◽  
Ladislav Csémy
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Personality Profile ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Self Transcendence

AbstractWe applied the temperament and character inventory (TCI) personality questionnaire in 41 inpatients dependent on metamphetamine, and 35 controls. Novelty seeking, harm avoidance and self-transcendence were significantly higher, and persistence, self-directedness and cooperativeness were significantly lower in the patients than in the healthy volunteers. The detected differences may be important for prevention and treatment.

Aberrant Salience among Young Healthy Postgraduate University Students: The Role of Cannabis Use, Psychotic-Like Experiences, and Personality

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Andrea Patti ◽  
Gabriele Santarelli ◽  
Giulio D’Anna ◽  
Andrea Ballerini ◽  
Valdo Ricca
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Positive Symptom ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Symptom Frequency ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Aberrant Salience ◽  
Self Transcendence

Aberrant salience (AS) is an anomalous world experience which plays a major role in psychotic proneness. In the general population, a deployment of this construct – encompassing personality traits, psychotic-like symptoms, and cannabis use – could prove useful to outline the relative importance of these factors. For this purpose, 106 postgraduate university students filled the AS Inventory (ASI), the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE), the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), and the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R). Lifetime cannabis users (<i>n</i> = 56) and individuals who did not use cannabis (<i>n</i> = 50) were compared. The role of cannabis use and psychometric indexes on ASI total scores was tested in different subgroups (overall sample, cannabis users, and nonusers). The present study confirmed that cannabis users presented higher ASI scores. The deployment of AS proved to involve positive symptom frequency (assessed through CAPE), character dimensions of self-directedness and self-transcendence (TCI subscales), and cannabis use. Among nonusers, the role of personality traits (assessed through the TCI) was preeminent, whereas positive psychotic-like experiences (measured by means of CAPE) had a major weight among cannabis users. The present study suggests that pre-reflexive anomalous world experiences such as AS are intertwined with reflexive self-consciousness, personality traits, current subclinical psychotic symptoms, and cannabis use. In the present study, subthreshold psychotic experiences proved to play a major role among cannabis users, whereas personality appeared to be more relevant among nonusers.

Bupropion for Smoking Cessation in Schizophrenia

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
H.-Y. Lee ◽  
R.-H. Kang ◽  
J.-W. Paik ◽  
Y.-H. Ko ◽  
M.-S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Ward ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Treatment Team ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Dsm Iv

Bupropion is a catecholamine reuptake inhibitor and also a potent noncompetitive ion channel site antagonist at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Bupropion is indicated for use in combination with behavioral modification programs for smoking cessation. There have been a few studies about the effect of bupropion on smoking cessation in schizophrenia. Therefore, we aimed investigated the change of the symptomatology after smoking cessation with bupropion in the patients with schizophrenia.There were fifty-six patients with smoking in the psychiatric ward of Hapcheon Korea Hospital. among them, thirty-nine inpatients meeting the DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia were recruited. for 4 weeks, treatment team persuaded the patients to enter the program of smoking cessation. with the exception, if the patients did not agree the program, the patients were able to be transferred to another ward that smoking was permitted. All patients agreed to the program. Postive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), Temperament and Character Inventory(TCI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI), Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence(FTND) were evaluated at the beginning of the study and 12 weeks of Bupropion treatment.At 12 weeks after successful smoking cessation with bupropion, FTND scores were significantly decreased after smoking cessation. the scores of STAI and PANSS were not significantly changed. the subcale of TCI, Novelty Seeking showed decreasing tendency after smoking cessation, although there was no statistical significance(p=0.054).These results suggest that bupropion is an effective antidepressant on smoking cessation and does not aggravate the psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. Further investigation with larger number of subjects is needed.

P300 event-related brain potential and personality in depression

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 370-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hansenne ◽  
W. Pitchot ◽  
E. Pinto ◽  
J Reggers ◽  
P. Papart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Brain Potential ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Psychotic Features ◽  
The Relationship

summaryP300 is an event-related brain potential (ERP) particularly interesting to the study of cognitive processes in normal subjects and in psychopathology. P300 has been applied in depression with controversial results. A major source for these controversial results could result from the diversity of depressed patients included in the different studies. Supporting this assumption, impulsivity, blunted affect, suicidal behavior and psychotic features significantly influence P300 amplitude. However, no data are available on the possible influences of the personality of depressed patients on P300. Since personality is related to P300 in normal subjects, the aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between ERPs (P200, N200, and P300) and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) in 54 depressed patients. The main results of the study concern the absence of major correlations between personality dimensions as assessed by the TCI and ERP parameters among depressed patients. Only weak partial positive correlations relate N200 latency with harm avoidance, and P300 amplitude (Pz) with the self-directedness dimension. N200 amplitude is also negatively correlated to persistence. However, the preliminary nature of the presented results with respect to the weak statistical significance should be underlined.

Metacognitive beliefs mediate the effect of emotional abuse on depressive and psychotic symptoms in severe mental disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (13) ◽  
pp. 2323-2333 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Østefjells ◽  
J. U. Lystad ◽  
A. O. Berg ◽  
R. Hagen ◽  
R. Loewy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
Metacognitive Beliefs ◽  
Early Trauma ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundEarly trauma is linked to higher symptom levels in bipolar and psychotic disorders, but the translating mechanisms are not well understood. This study examines whether the relationship between early emotional abuse and depressive symptoms is mediated by metacognitive beliefs about thoughts being uncontrollable/dangerous, and whether this pathway extends to influence positive symptoms.MethodPatients (N= 261) with psychotic or bipolar disorders were assessed for early trauma experiences, metacognitive beliefs, and current depression/anxiety and positive symptoms. Mediation path analyses using ordinary least-squares regressions tested if the effect of early emotional abuse on depression/anxiety was mediated by metacognitive beliefs, and if the effect of early emotional abuse on positive symptoms was mediated by metacognitive beliefs and depression/anxiety.ResultsMetacognitive beliefs about thoughts being uncontrollable/dangerous significantly mediated the relationship between early emotional abuse and depression/anxiety. Metacognitive beliefs and depression/anxiety significantly mediated the relationship between early emotional abuse and positive symptoms. The models explained a moderate amount of the variance in symptoms (R2= 0.21–0.29).ConclusionOur results indicate that early emotional abuse is relevant to depression/anxiety and positive symptoms in bipolar and psychotic disorders, and suggest that metacognitive beliefs could play a role in an affective pathway to psychosis. Metacognitive beliefs could be relevant treatment targets with regards to depression/anxiety and positive symptoms in bipolar and psychotic disorders.

Distributions by Age and Sex of the Dimensions of Temperament and Character Inventory in a Cross-Cultural Perspective among Sweden, Germany, and the USA

2001 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 747-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Brändström ◽  
Jörg Richter ◽  
Tom Przybeck
Keyword(s):  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Biosocial Theory ◽  
Age Cohort ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Age And Sex

Distribution by age and sex of the dimensions of the Temperament and Character Inventory were assessed cross-culturally for samples in Sweden, Germany, and the USA. The Temperament and Character Inventory is a 240-item (Sweden, 238-item), self-administered, true-false format, paper-and-pencil test developed by Cloninger and his coworkers based on his unified biosocial theory of personality. The inventory measures the Temperament dimensions Novelty Seeking, Harm Avoidance, Reward Dependence, and Persistence as well as the Character dimensions, Self-directedness, Cooperativeness, and Self-transcendence. The samples consisted of 300 German subjects, 300 Swedish subjects, and 300 U.S. subjects matched by age cohort and sex. Stability of the personality dimensions was evaluated across samples as were their age and sex distributions. We found significant effects of age, sex, and culture in univeriate and multivariate comparisons on the personality dimensions. However, several significant differences in the personality dimensions for both European samples appear to be similar compared with those of the U.S. sample. We have to conclude that sex- and age-specific norms for the dimensions of the Temperament and Character Inventory are necessary given the established significant differences.

An Iranian (Farsi) Version of the Temperament and Character Inventory: A Cross-Cultural Comparison

2007 ◽  
Vol 100 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1218-1228
Author(s):  
Jörg Richter ◽  
Sven Brändström ◽  
Habib Emami ◽  
Mehdi Ghazinour
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Rotation Method ◽  
Iranian Version ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Personality Facets ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Farsi Version

The Temperament and Character Inventory is a widely used personality questionnaire. It was developed to measure the four temperament dimensions of Novelty Seeking, Harm Avoidance, Reward Dependence, and Persistence, as well as three character dimensions, such as Self-directedness, Cooperativeness, and Self-transcendence, described in Cloninger's unified biosocial theory of personality. In a sample of 300 Germans, 300 Swedes, and 316 Iranian subjects, a factorial structure analysis using the Procrustes rotation method showed the structure of personality to be generally equivalent across cultures. Noteworthy cultural differences between the overall Asian and European subjects reflected by the data were observed in various Temperament and Character dimensions. Seemingly, there are cultural differences in the expression of the various personality facets that require a replacement of many items in the Iranian version. The Temperament and Character Inventory is sensitive to age, sex, and cultural differences in personality.

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