Gambling Disorder during Dopamine Replacement Treatment in Parkinson’s Disease: A Comprehensive Review

Gambling Disorder (GD) is characterized by “the failure to resist gambling impulses despite severe personal, family or occupational consequences”. In the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V), GD replaces the DSM-IV diagnosis of Pathological Gambling (PG). GD estimated prevalence ranges between 0.4% and 3.4% within the adult population and it seems to be more common in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this population, GD recently has become more widely recognized as a possible complication of dopamine agonist (DA) therapy. This association has aroused great interest for the dramatic impact GD has on patients’ quality of life. Management of PG in patients with PD could be demanding. It is based on patient and caregiver education, modification of dopamine replacement therapy, and in some cases psychoactive drug administration. In this review article, the authors provide an overview of GD pathogenesis during DA therapy as well as a summary of available treatment options.

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Orthostatic Hypotension in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease and Atypical Parkinsonism

Parkinson s Disease ◽

10.1155/2014/475854 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad ◽

Johan Lökk

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Orthostatic Hypotension ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Motor Symptoms ◽

Atypical Parkinsonism ◽

Medical Databases ◽

Risk Of Falls ◽

Review Current

Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is one of the commonly occurring nonmotor symptoms in patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (IPD) and atypical parkinsonism (AP). We aimed to review current evidences on epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of OH in patients with IPD and AP. Major electronic medical databases were assessed including PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase up to February 2013. English-written original or review articles with keywords such as “Parkinson’s disease,” “atypical parkinsonism,” and “orthostatic hypotension” were searched for relevant evidences. We addressed different issues such as OH definition, epidemiologic characteristics, pathophysiology, testing and diagnosis, risk factors for symptomatic OH, OH as an early sign of IPD, prognosis, and treatment options of OH in parkinsonian syndromes. Symptomatic OH is present in up to 30% of IPD, 80% of multiple system atrophy (MSA), and 27% of other AP patients. OH may herald the onset of PD before cardinal motor symptoms and our review emphasises the importance of its timely diagnosis (even as one preclinical marker) and multifactorial treatment, starting with patient education and lifestyle approach. Advancing age, male sex, disease severity, and duration and subtype of motor symptoms are predisposing factors. OH increases the risk of falls, which affects the quality of life in PD patients.

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Towards optimising experimental quantification of persistent pain in Parkinson’s disease using psychophysical testing

npj Parkinson s Disease ◽

10.1038/s41531-021-00173-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kirsty Bannister ◽

Rory V. Smith ◽

Patrick Wilkins ◽

Tatum M. Cummins

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Persistent Pain ◽

Research Literature ◽

Pain Processing ◽

Motor Symptoms ◽

Healthcare Provision ◽

Psychophysical Testing

AbstractPeople with Parkinson’s disease (PD) may live for multiple decades after diagnosis. Ensuring that effective healthcare provision is received across the range of symptoms experienced is vital to the individual’s wellbeing and quality of life. As well as the hallmark motor symptoms, PD patients may also suffer from non-motor symptoms including persistent pain. This type of pain (lasting more than 3 months) is inconsistently described and poorly understood, resulting in limited treatment options. Evidence-based pain remedies are coming to the fore but therapeutic strategies that offer an improved analgesic profile remain an unmet clinical need. Since the ability to establish a link between the neurodegenerative changes that underlie PD and those that underlie maladaptive pain processing leading to persistent pain could illuminate mechanisms or risk factors of disease initiation, progression and maintenance, we evaluated the latest research literature seeking to identify causal factors underlying persistent pain in PD through experimental quantification. The majority of previous studies aimed to identify neurobiological alterations that could provide a biomarker for pain/pain phenotype, in PD cohorts. However heterogeneity of patient cohorts, result outcomes and methodology between human psychophysics studies overwhelmingly leads to inconclusive and equivocal evidence. Here we discuss refinement of pain-PD paradigms in order that future studies may enhance confidence in the validity of observed effect sizes while also aiding comparability through standardisation. Encouragingly, as the field moves towards cross-study comparison of data in order to more reliably reveal mechanisms underlying dysfunctional pain processing, the potential for better-targeted treatment and management is high.

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Personalized Medicine in Parkinson’s Disease: New Options for Advanced Treatments

Journal of Personalized Medicine ◽

10.3390/jpm11070650 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 650

Author(s):

Takayasu Mishima ◽

Shinsuke Fujioka ◽

Takashi Morishita ◽

Tooru Inoue ◽

Yoshio Tsuboi

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Personalized Medicine ◽

Focused Ultrasound ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Advanced Treatment ◽

Multiple Treatment ◽

Advanced Stages ◽

Deep Brain

Parkinson’s disease (PD) presents varying motor and non-motor features in each patient owing to their different backgrounds, such as age, gender, genetics, and environmental factors. Furthermore, in the advanced stages, troublesome symptoms vary between patients due to motor and non-motor complications. The treatment of PD has made great progress over recent decades and has directly contributed to an improvement in patients’ quality of life, especially through the progression of advanced treatment. Deep brain stimulation, radiofrequency, MR–guided focused ultrasound, gamma knife, levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel, and apomorphine are now used in the clinical setting for this disease. With multiple treatment options currently available for all stages of PD, we here discuss the most recent options for advanced treatment, including cell therapy in advanced PD, from the perspective of personalized medicine.

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Mood Disorders and Anxiety in Parkinson’s Disease: Current Concepts

Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology ◽

10.1177/08919887211018267 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 280-288

Author(s):

Hendrik Lintel ◽

Timothy Corpuz ◽

Saif-ur-Rahman Paracha ◽

George T. Grossberg

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Mood Disorders ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Current State ◽

Non Motor Symptoms ◽

Impaired Quality

Mood disorders and anxiety significantly impact the prognosis and disease course of Parkinson’s disease. Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease such as apathy, anhedonia, and fatigue overlap with diagnostic criteria for anxiety and depression, thus making accurate diagnosis of mood disorders in Parkinson’s disease patients difficult. Furthermore, treatment options for mood disorders can produce motor complications leading to poor adherence and impaired quality of life in Parkinson’s disease patients. This review aims to clarify the current state of diagnostic and treatment options pertaining to anxiety and mood disorders in Parkinson’s disease. It explores both the pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatment modalities for various mood disorders in comorbid Parkinson’s disease with a brief discussion of the future outlook of the field given the current state of the literature.

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Sleep Disturbances and Parkinson's Disease

CNS Spectrums ◽

10.1017/s1092852900017272 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 13 (S4) ◽

pp. 12-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Joseph H. Friedman ◽

Richard P. Millman

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Sleep Disorder ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Well Being ◽

Sleep Behavior ◽

Treatment Plans ◽

Nighttime Sleep

ABSTRACTAlthough Parkinson's disease is defined by its motor symptoms, the symptoms that are most devastating to patients and caregivers are dementia and psychosis. In addition, sleep has a tremendous impact on patient well being and quality of life. Eighty percent to 90% of Parkinson's disease patients have a sleep disorder affecting their ability to fall asleep, ability to stay asleep, dreams, motor activity during sleep, post-sleep behavior, or day-time somnolence. Treatment plans for patients with Parkinson's disease who experience sleep disorders aim to improve nighttime sleep or daytime wakefulness, and treatment options vary by sleep disorder.

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Psychosis in Parkinson’s Disease: Current Treatment Options and Impact on Patients and Caregivers

Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology ◽

10.1177/08919887211018280 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 274-279

Author(s):

Gilad S. Segal ◽

Sophie J. Xie ◽

Saif-ur-Rahman Paracha ◽

George T. Grossberg

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Atypical Antipsychotics ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Current Treatment ◽

Visual Hallucinations ◽

Mesolimbic Pathway ◽

Sequential Development ◽

Home Placement

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease seen in older adults after Alzheimer’s disease, with increasing prevalence worldwide. Parkinson’s disease psychosis (PDP) is a common, non-motor feature of PD, which increases caregiver stress and is a risk-factor for nursing home placement. In this paper we review PDP epidemiology, features, diagnosis, and treatment. PDP most often presents with sequential development of minor and then increasingly complex visual hallucinations mediated by dopaminergic-serotonergic interactions activating the mesolimbic pathway, with contributions from other structures and neurotransmitters. Appropriate evaluation of differential diagnoses for psychosis is vital before diagnosing PDP. Initial treatment should involve non-pharmacologic approaches. If these are unsuccessful and PDP symptoms significantly impact the patient’s and or their caregivers’ quality of life and functions, then pharmacotherapy is indicated. Pimavanserin is a recently FDA-approved pharmacologic treatment for PDP with a better profile of balanced effectiveness and safety compared to previous use of atypical antipsychotics. Early diagnosis and safer, more effective treatments for PDP should help reduce caregiver burden and enable caregivers to continue to provide care at home versus institutionalization.

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Impact of Duodopa on Quality of Life in Advanced Parkinson's Disease: A UK Case Series

Parkinson s Disease ◽

10.1155/2013/362908 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

T. Foltynie ◽

C. Magee ◽

C. James ◽

G. J. M. Webster ◽

A. J. Lees ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Symptom Control ◽

Case Series ◽

Objective Evaluation ◽

Recording Time ◽

Advanced Parkinson’S Disease

Treatment options in advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD) include subcutaneous apomorphine, pallidal or subthalamic nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), or levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG/Duodopa). In this study, we describe the outcome of 12 PD patients with PD related complications started on LCIG, with respect to their quality of life measured by a disease specific validated scale—the PDQ39, together with diaries recording time spent “On,” “Off,” “Dyskinetic,” or “Asleep.” At the time of latest follow up, improvements were observed in both the PDQ39 Summary index as well as diary reports of PD symptom control following introduction of LCIG, supporting its use in well selected patients. The use of a trial period of LCIG via naso-jejunal administration allows objective evaluation of improvement in PD symptom control in advance of the placement of the more invasive percutaneous jejunostomy procedure. The decision to embark on LCIG, apomorphine or DBS should be supported by input from centres with experience of all 3 approaches. Since LCIG is an expensive option, development of the most appropriate future commissioning of this therapy in the absence of Class 1 evidence requires careful scrutiny of the outcomes of its use in a broad range of published series.

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Autonomic Dysfunctions in Parkinson’s Disease: Prevalence, Clinical Characteristics, Potential Diagnostic Markers, and Treatment

Parkinson s Disease ◽

10.1155/2020/8740732 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Zhe Zhang ◽

Sheng-Di Chen

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

The Elderly ◽

Disease Prevalence ◽

Autonomic Dysfunctions

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease in the middle-aged and the elderly. Symptoms of autonomic dysfunctions are frequently seen in PD patients, severely affecting the quality of life. This review summarizes the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment options of autonomic dysfunctions. The clinical significance of autonomic dysfunctions in PD early diagnosis and differential diagnosis is also discussed.

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Critical issues of the biopsychosocial treatment of Parkinson’s disease

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/oh.2015.30109 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 156 (12) ◽

pp. 472-478 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Péter Kincses ◽

Norbert Kovács ◽

Kázmér Karádi ◽

János Kállai

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Psychological Health ◽

Interdisciplinary Approach ◽

Cognitive Status ◽

Psychological Burden ◽

Her Family ◽

Critical Issues

This paper is a summary report on the basic questions of the biopsychosocial approach to Parkinson’s disease. It deals with cognitive, affective and psychological health issues which significantly influence the outcome of the physical rehabilitation. In spite of the unchanged cognitive status, the psychological burden of the changes in the quality of life, the obstruction, the change in the affective tone, and the shrinking ability to fulfil social roles decrease the patient’s quality of life. An interdisciplinary approach is best suited for mitigating these effects. Not only the patient but also his/her family and environment is seriously affected by the disease and its consequences. Treatment and rehabilitation options for increasing or maintaining the quality of life of the affected patients are diverse, and significantly depend on the features of the health care system. The authors believe that the following review emphasizing health psychological principles may contribute to the work of professionals working in clinical and rehabilitational fields and through them may increase the quality of life of patients and their family. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(12), 472–478.

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Rapid Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease from Sebum using Paper Spray Ionisation Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry

10.26434/chemrxiv.12517385.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Depanjan Sarkar ◽

Drupad Trivedi ◽

Eleanor Sinclair ◽

Sze Hway Lim ◽

Caitlin Walton-Doyle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Ion Mobility ◽

Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry ◽

Paper Spray ◽

Molecular Features ◽

Validation Set

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder for which identification of robust biomarkers to complement clinical PD diagnosis would accelerate treatment options and help to stratify disease progression. Here we demonstrate the use of paper spray ionisation coupled with ion mobility mass spectrometry (PSI IM-MS) to determine diagnostic molecular features of PD in sebum. PSI IM-MS was performed directly from skin swabs, collected from 34 people with PD and 30 matched control subjects as a training set and a further 91 samples from 5 different collection sites as a validation set. PSI IM-MS elucidates ~ 4200 features from each individual and we report two classes of lipids (namely phosphatidylcholine and cardiolipin) that differ significantly in the sebum of people with PD. Putative metabolite annotations are obtained using tandem mass spectrometry experiments combined with accurate mass measurements. Sample preparation and PSI IM-MS analysis and diagnosis can be performed ~5 minutes per sample offering a new route to for rapid and inexpensive confirmatory diagnosis of this disease.

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