scholarly journals Low Frequency Axial Flux Linear Oscillating Electric Drive Suitable for Short Strokes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Govindaraj Thangavel
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Axial Flux ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Methodology ◽  
Good Agreement

The design, analysis, and control methodology of an energy efficient and high force to weight ratio rare earth N42 NdFeB based permanent magnet linear oscillating motor has been described. For this axial flux machine the mover is consisting of Aluminium structure embedded with rare earth permanent magnets of high energy density. Microcontroller based drive is developed for frequency and thrust control of the machine. Finite element method using FEMM is employed for analysis of various performance parameters of machine. The same parameters are also compared with the measured ones, which yields a good agreement to the proposed design.

Design of a Compliant Industrial Gripper Driven by a Bistable Shape Memory Alloy Actuator

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Scholtes ◽  
Stefan Seelecke ◽  
Gianluca Rizzello ◽  
Paul Motzki
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Actuation System ◽  
First Results ◽  
Functional Prototype ◽  
And Control

Abstract Within industrial manufacturing most processing steps are accompanied by transporting and positioning of workpieces. The active interfaces between handling system and workpiece are industrial grippers, which often are driven by pneumatics, especially in small scale areas. On the way to higher energy efficiency and digital factories, companies are looking for new actuation technologies with more sensor integration and better efficiencies. Commonly used actuators like solenoids and electric engines are in many cases too heavy and large for direct integration into the gripping system. Due to their high energy density shape memory alloys (SMA) are suited to overcome those drawbacks of conventional actuators. Additionally, they feature self-sensing abilities that lead to sensor-less monitoring and control of the actuation system. Another drawback of conventional grippers is their design, which is based on moving parts with linear guides and bearings. These parts are prone to wear, especially in abrasive environments. This can be overcome by a compliant gripper design that is based on flexure hinges and thus dispenses with joints, bearings and guides. In the presented work, the development process of a functional prototype for a compliant gripper driven by a bistable SMA actuation unit for industrial applications is outlined. The focus lies on the development of the SMA actuator, while the first design approach for the compliant gripper mechanism with solid state joints is proposed. The result is a working gripper-prototype which is mainly made of 3D-printed parts. First results of validation experiments are discussed.

Efficient near Net-Shape Production of High Energy Rare Earth Magnets by Laser Beam Melting

2017 ◽  
Vol 871 ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaus Urban ◽  
Alexander Meyer ◽  
Sven Kreitlein ◽  
Felix Leicht ◽  
Jörg Franke
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Parameter Study ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Rare Earth Magnet ◽  
Laser Beam Melting ◽  
Near Net Shape ◽  
The Impact

In this publication we report on our progress in investigating the energy efficient production of rare earth permanent magnets by Laser Beam Melting in the powder bed (LBM). This innovative additive manufacturing process offers the potential to produce magnets of complex geometries without an energy intensive oven sintering step. Another advantage that increases the efficiency of this possible new process route is the high degree of material utilization due to a near net shape production of the magnets. Hence only little material is wasted during a post processing machining step. The main challenge in processing rare earth magnet alloys by means of LBM is the brittle mechanical behavior of the material and the change in microstructure due to the complete remelting of the magnet powder. We therefor expanded the parameter study presented in previous work in order to further increase relative density and magnetic properties of the specimens. In this context process stability and reproducibility could also be increased. This was achieved by investigating the impact of different exposure patterns and varying laser spot sizes. Simultaneously to the experiments the energy consumption of the LBM process was measured and compared with conventional rare earth magnet production routes.

scholarly journals Recovery of Rare Earth Metals (REMs) from Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries of Electric Vehicles

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Manis Kumar Jha ◽  
Pankaj Kumar Choubey ◽  
Om Shankar Dinkar ◽  
Rekha Panda ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Jyothi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Metal Hydride ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Leach Liquor ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Flow Sheet ◽  
Nickel Metal ◽  
Nickel Metal Hydride

Nickel metal hydride (NiMH) batteries are extensively used in the manufacturing of portable electronic devices as well as electric vehicles due to their specific properties including high energy density, precise volume, resistance to overcharge, etc. These NiMH batteries contain significant amounts of rare earth metals (REMs) along with Co and Ni which are discarded due to illegal dumping and improper recycling practices. In view of their strategic, economic, and industrial importance, and to mitigate the demand and supply gap of REMs and the limited availability of natural resources, it is necessary to explore secondary resources of REMs. Therefore, the present paper reports a feasible hydrometallurgical process flowsheet for the recovery of REMs and valuable metals from spent NiMH batteries. More than 90% dissolution of REMs (Nd, Ce and La) was achieved using 2 M H2SO4 at 75 °C in 60 min in the presence of 10% H2O2 (v/v). From the obtained leach liquor, the REMs, such as Nd and Ce, were recovered using 10% PC88A diluted in kerosene at eq. pH 1.5 and O/A ratio 1/1 in two stages of counter current extraction. La of 99% purity was selectively precipitated from the leach liquor in the pH range of 1.5 to 2.0, leaving Cu, Ni and Co in the filtrate. Further, Cu and Ni were extracted with LIX 84 at equilibrium pH 2.5 and 5, leaving Co in the raffinate. The developed process flow sheet is feasible and has potential for industrial exploitation after scale-up/pilot trails.

The Calculation of Elastic Modulus Behind Strong Shock Waves

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Evgeny Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Shock Waves ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Strong Shock ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Uniform System ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison ◽  
State 1 ◽  
Strong Shock Waves ◽  
Good Agreement

In the paper the approach for calculation of mechanical characteristics of materials behind strong shock waves is realized in the frame of uniform system of the few-parametric equation of state [1]. For the considered materials a comprehensive comparison of theoretical computational results with available at high energy density experimental data is carried out and good agreement of the results is obtained

Nonrelativistic electron beam expansion in the solar corona/wind  and their type III radio bursts observed with LOFAR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamish Reid ◽  
Eduard Kontar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Solar Corona ◽  
Electron Beams ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Radio Bursts ◽  
Type Iii

<div> <div><span>Solar type III radio bursts contain a wealth of information about the dynamics of near-relativistic electron beams in the solar corona and the inner heliosphere; this information is currently unobtainable through other means.  Whilst electron beams expand along their trajectory, the motion of different regions of an electron beam (front, middle, and back) had never been systematically analysed before.  Using LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) observations between 30-70 MHz of type III radio bursts, and kinetic simulations of electron beams producing derived type III radio brightness temperatures, we explored the expansion as electrons propagate away from the Sun.  From relatively moderate intensity type III bursts, we found mean electron beam speeds for the front, middle and back of 0.2, 0.17 and 0.15 c, respectively.  Simulations demonstrated that the electron beam energy density, controlled by the initial beam density and energy distribution have a significant effect on the beam speeds, with high energy density beams reaching front and back velocities of 0.7 and 0.35 c, respectively.  Both observations and simulations found that higher inferred velocities correlated with shorter FWHM durations of radio emission at individual frequencies.  Our radial predictions of electron beam speed and expansion can be tested by the upcoming in situ electron beam measurements made by Solar Orbiter and Parker Solar Probe.</span></div> </div>

scholarly journals Interface design for high energy density polymer nanocomposites

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (16) ◽  
pp. 4424-4465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Luo ◽  
Xuefan Zhou ◽  
Christopher Ellingford ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Sheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Energy Storage Applications ◽  
And Control

A detailed overview on interface design and control in polymer based composite dielectrics for energy storage applications.

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