scholarly journals Congestion Behavior under Uncertainty on Morning Commute with Preferred Arrival Time Interval

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
LingLing Xiao ◽  
Ronghui Liu ◽  
HaiJun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Arrival Time ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Work Schedule ◽  
Schedule Delay ◽  
Departure Time ◽  
Morning Commute ◽  
Bottleneck Capacity

This paper extends the bottleneck model to study congestion behavior of morning commute with flexible work schedule. The proposed model assumes a stochastic bottleneck capacity which follows a uniform distribution and homogeneous commuters who have the same preferred arrival time interval. The commuters are fully aware of the stochastic properties of travel time and schedule delay distributions at all departure times that emerge from day-to-day capacity variations. The commuters’ departure time choice follows user equilibrium (UE) principle in terms of the expected trip cost. Analytical and numerical solutions of this model are provided. The equilibrium departure time patterns are examined which show that the stochastic capacity increases the mean trip cost and lengthens the rush hour. The adoption of flexitime results in less congestion and more efficient use of bottleneck capacity than fixed-time work schedule. The longer the flexi-time interval is, the more uniformly distributed the departure times are.

A Method for Controlling Arrival Time to Prevent Late Arrival by Manipulating Vehicle Timetable Information

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Kyosuke Futami ◽  
Tsutomu Terada ◽  
Masahiko Tsukamoto
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Target Vehicle ◽  
Late Arrival ◽  
Departure Time ◽  
The Relationship

Although it is socially and ethically important not to be late for a specified arrival time, late arrivals sometimes happen to people using public transportation. Although many methods aim to smooth a user's movement by providing useful information, there are few approaches to prevent late arrivals due to psychological factors. In this research, to make a user's arrival time earlier and thus prevent late arrival, we propose a method that manipulates time allowance by presenting information based on a psychological and cognitive tendency. We apply this method to a vehicle timetable system for the purpose of preventing public transit users from arriving after a target vehicle's departure time. Our proposed timetable system manipulates the time intervals between a user's target vehicle and other vehicles by introducing fictional elements such as hidden vehicles and inserted fictional vehicles. This method uses the relationship between the time allowance and the departure time interval, and it can make a user desire and accept arriving at a station earlier. We implemented a prototype system and conducted four experiments. The evaluation results confirmed that our proposed method is effective for changing a user's time allowance and actual arrival time.

scholarly journals ARRIVAL TIME VALUATION OF COMMUTERS IN URBAN RAIL TRANSIT

Transport ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-393
Author(s):  
Yan Cheng ◽  
Xiafei Ye ◽  
Zhi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Reference Point ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Urban Rail Transit ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Value Functions ◽  
Schedule Delay ◽  
Urban Rail ◽  
Departure Time ◽  
Departure Time Choice

Departure time choice of commuters is one of key decisions affecting the crowding of urban rail transit network during peak hours. It is influenced by arrival time value, the additional psychological pressure caused by in-vehicle crowding, and time uncertainty. This paper aims at investigating how commuters in urban rail transit value their arrival time at work/school. Three valuation frameworks are proposed based on the reference point approach of prospect theory. Non-linear value functions with different reference point alternatives are estimated using data from a survey and stated choice study of users of Shanghai Metro system. Results show that schedule delay with work/school start time as the only reference point cannot properly reflect the arrival time valuation of urban rail transit commuters. Instead, the valuation framework with preferred arrival time as a reference point fits best, which hits as much as 85.64% of the cases. The asymmetrical response to early-side and late-side arrivals is identified. The findings of this study provide an essential basis for the development of departure time choice model.

Departure Time Choice Equilibrium and Tolling Strategies for a Bottleneck with Stochastic Capacity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiancheng Long ◽  
Hai Yang ◽  
W. Y. Szeto
Keyword(s):  
User Equilibrium ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Bottleneck Model ◽  
Schedule Delay ◽  
Departure Time ◽  
Stochastic Capacity ◽  
Departure Time Choice

This paper develops a bottleneck model in which the capacity of the bottleneck is assumed to be stochastic and follow a general distribution that has a positive upper bound. The user equilibrium principle in terms of mean trip cost is adopted to formulate commuters’ departure time choice in the stochastic bottleneck. We find that there exist five possible equilibrium departure patterns, which depend on both commuters’ unit costs of travel time, schedule delay early and late, and the uncertainty of the stochastic capacity of the bottleneck. All possible equilibrium departure patterns are analytically derived. Both the analytical and numerical results show that increasing the uncertainty of the capacity of the bottleneck leads to an increase of commuters’ individual mean trip cost. In addition, both a time-varying toll scheme and a single-step coarse toll scheme are designed within the proposed stochastic bottleneck model. We provide an analytical method to determine the detailed toll-charging schemes for both toll strategies. The numerical results show that the proposed toll schemes can indeed improve the efficiency of the stochastic bottleneck in terms of decreasing mean total social cost, and the time-varying toll scheme is more efficient than the single-step coarse toll scheme. However, as the uncertainty of the capacity of the bottleneck increases, the efficiency of the time-varying toll scheme decreases, whereas the efficiency of the single-step coarse toll scheme fluctuates slightly.

Day-to-Day Departure-Time Adjustment Process for CTM-Based Morning Commute Problem by Optimum Pattern

2013 ◽  
Vol 869-870 ◽  
pp. 266-271
Author(s):  
Guang Zhi Zang ◽  
Wei Guan ◽  
Wen Yi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical System ◽  
Discrete Dynamical System ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Adjustment Process ◽  
Cell Transmission Model ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Schedule Delay ◽  
Finite Dimensional ◽  
Departure Time ◽  
Morning Commute

This paper is concerned with the day-to-day departure-time adjustment process for morning commute, which is expressed as a finite-dimensional discrete dynamical system. The total departure demand of morning commute is assigned to several time intervals. An optimum pattern is introduced to depict the process. In order to model the behavior of morning commute, the classic schedule delay concept and the cell transmission model are applied. A numerical example is given to illustrate the application of the day-to-day departure-time adjustment process by optimum pattern.

Modeling User Responses to Pricing

2008 ◽  
Vol 2085 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-Cheng Lu ◽  
Hani S. Mahmassani
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Pricing ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
Infinite Dimensional ◽  
Network Applications ◽  
Multiple User ◽  
Schedule Delay ◽  
Departure Time ◽  
Class B ◽  
Joint Consideration ◽  
User Heterogeneity

In a previous contribution, the authors showed how to incorporate user heterogeneity in determining equilibrium route choices in a network in response to pricing. Presented here is a generalization of that framework to incorporate joint consideration of route and departure time as well as heterogeneity in a wider range of behavioral characteristics. A multicriterion simultaneous route and departure time user equilibrium (MSRDUE) model is presented, along with a simulation-based algorithm intended for practical network applications. The model explicitly considers heterogeneous users with different values of time (VOTs) and values of (early or late) schedule delay (VOESDs or VOLSDs) in their joint choice of departure times and paths characterized by a set of trip attributes that include travel time, out-of-pocket cost, and schedule delay cost. The problem is formulated as an infinite-dimensional variational inequality problem and solved by a column generation-based algorithmic framework that embeds (a) an extreme nondominated alternative-finding algorithm to obtain the VOT, VOESD, and VOLSD breakpoints that define multiple user classes and the associated least trip cost (joint departure time and path) alternative for each user class; (b) a traffic simulator to capture traffic flow dynamics and determine travel costs experienced; and (c) a path-swapping multiclass alternative flow-updating scheme to solve the restricted multiclass SRDUE problem defined by a subset of feasible alternatives. Application to an actual network illustrates the properties of the algorithm and underscores the importance of capturing user heterogeneity and temporal shifts in the appraisal of dynamic pricing schemes.

scholarly journals Early Bird Scheme for Parking Management: How Does Parking Play a Role in the Morning Commute Problem

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8531
Author(s):  
Zipeng Zhang ◽  
Ning Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Early Bird ◽  
Schedule Coordination ◽  
Parking Management ◽  
Morning Commute ◽  
Bottleneck Capacity ◽  
Parking Pricing

This paper extended the Vickrey’s point-queue model to study the early bird parking mechanism during morning commute peak hours. We not only investigated how commuters choose departure times in view of morning commute traffic congestion and the discounted early bird parking fee, but also analyzed the conditions which are determined for the existence of the user equilibrium in the analysis model provided in this paper. Moreover, the tendency of the total queuing time and the incremental parking pricing revenue was derived along with the different choice strategy between early bird parkers (ERPs) and regular parkers (RPs). The results showed that the number of commuters was jointly determined by the desired time and the bottleneck capacity for different schedules. Additionally, the method of fare incentive showed a better effect on reducing queue than the initial no-incentive method with the instantaneous travel demand. Most importantly, the incremental parking revenue can be increased by properly adjusting the parking pricing gap between ERPs and RPs. Our research not only provided several important propositions for the early bird parking mechanism but also included the optimal solutions for optimal parking pricing and schedule gap in two groups of parkers. This work is expected to promote the development of early bird parking to mitigate morning commute traffic congestion and motivate the related research of schedule coordination for regulating parking choice behavior in morning peak hours.

Utilization of remote sensing for estimation of scale of cutting and growing of forest zones

2017 ◽  
Vol 920 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
F.E. Guliyeva
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Remote Estimation ◽  
The Given ◽  
Forest Cutting

The study of results of relevant works on remote sensing of forests has shown that the known methods of remote estimation of forest cuts and growth don’t allow to calculate the objective average value of forests cut volume during the fixed time period. The existing mathematical estimates are not monotonous and make it possible to estimate primitively the scale of cutting by computing the ratio of data in two fixed time points. In the article the extreme properties of the considered estimates for deforestation and reforestation models are researched. The extreme features of integrated averaged values of given estimates upon limitations applied on variables, characterizing the deforestation and reforestation processes are studied. The integrated parameter, making it possible to calculate the averaged value of estimates of forest cutting, computed for all fixed time period with a fixed step is suggested. It is shown mathematically that the given estimate has a monotonous feature in regard of value of given time interval and make it possible to evaluate objectively the scales of forest cutting.

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