scholarly journals High Prevalence of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) Genes in Nosocomial-AcquiredStaphylococcus aureusIsolated from Tertiary Care Hospitals in Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bidya Shrestha ◽  
Winny Singh ◽  
V. Samuel Raj ◽  
Bharat Mani Pokhrel ◽  
Tribhuban Mohan Mohapatra
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Restriction Pattern ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Invasive Diseases ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals ◽  
Gene Restriction ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin ◽  
Valentine Leukocidin

Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) carrying the important virulence determinant, Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), is an emerging infectious pathogen associated with skin and soft tissue infections as well as life-threatening invasive diseases. In carrying out the first PVL prevalence study in Nepal, we screened 73 nosocomial isolates ofS. aureusfrom 2 tertiary care Nepali hospitals and obtained an overall PVL-positivity rate of 35.6% among the hospital isolates: 26.1% of MRSA and 51.9% of methicillin sensitiveS. aureus(MSSA) isolates were found to be positive for the PVL genes. PVL prevalence was not associated with a specific (i) infection site, (ii) age group, or (iii) hospital of origin. It was found to be positively associated with heterogeneous MRSA (73.3%) compared to homogeneous MRSA (3.2%) and MSSA (51.9%); negatively associated with multiresistant MRSA (22%) compared to nonmultiresistant MRSA (60%) and MSSA (51.9%); and positively associated with macrolide-streptogramin B resistance (93.8%) compared to macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance (0%) and no-resistance (45.8%) types. Macrolide-streptogramin B resistance was confirmed by the presence ofmsr(A) gene. Restriction pattern analyses provided evidence to support the circulation of a limited number of clones of PVL-positive MRSA, arguing for the adaptability of these isolates to a hospital setting.

Characterisation of clinicalStaphylococcus aureusisolates harbouringmecAor Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes from four tertiary care hospitals in Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 610-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewi Santosaningsih ◽  
Sanarto Santoso ◽  
Nyoman S. Budayanti ◽  
Ketut Suata ◽  
Endang S. Lestari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin ◽  
Valentine Leukocidin

scholarly journals ‘This sickness is not hospital sickness’: a qualitative study of the evil eye as a source of neonatal illness in Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
April J. Bell ◽  
Zelda Arku ◽  
Ashura Bakari ◽  
Samuel A. Oppong ◽  
Jessica Youngblood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Evil Eye ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Illness Attribution ◽  
Life Threatening Complication ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals

AbstractPrevious research has described the evil eye as a source of illness for pregnant women and their newborns. This study sought to explore the perceptions of the evil eye among mothers whose newborns had experienced a life-threatening complication across three regions of Ghana. As part of a larger, quantitative study, trained research assistants identified pregnant and newly delivered women (and their newborns) who had survived a life-threatening complication at three tertiary care hospitals in southern Ghana to participate in open-ended, qualitative interviews about their experiences in March–August 2015. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim into English and analysis using the constant comparative method of theme generation. A total of 37 mothers were interviewed, 20 about neonatal illnesses and 17 about maternal illnesses. Six of the 20 mothers interviewed about their newborn’s illnesses spoke at length about the evil eye being a potential cause of newborn illness. The evil eye was described in a variety of terms, but commonalities included a person looking at a pregnant woman, her newborn baby, the baby’s clothes and even the mother’s food, causing harm, even unintentionally. Prevention required mothers covering themselves while pregnant and keeping the baby away from others until it was old enough to ward off the evil eye. Treatment required traditional medicine, yet some indicated that allopathic medicine could help. The evil eye appears to serve a social control mechanism, encouraging pregnant women to dress modestly, stay indoors as much as possible and behave appropriately. The evil eye is a pervasive, universally understood phenomenon across three regions of Ghana, even amongst a hospitalized population receiving allopathic health care for life-threatening complications of childbirth. Understanding the role of the evil eye in newborn illness attribution is important for clinicians, researchers and programmatic staff to effectively address barriers to care seeking.

scholarly journals Investigation of Medication Errors in a Tertiary Care Hospitals in the Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (E) ◽  
pp. 209-212
Author(s):  
Amjad Al-Harkan ◽  
Njood Al-Harkan ◽  
Amal Al-Najjar ◽  
Alaa Al-Hunti ◽  
Ahmed Al-Rashidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Medication Errors ◽  
Incomplete Data ◽  
Inappropriate Medication ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Near Miss ◽  
Prescription Errors ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals ◽  
Error Types

BACKGROUND: Medication errors (MEs) have been defined as “any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication or patient harm when the medication is in the control of the health care professional, patient, or consumer.” AIM: The aim of this study is to identify, analyze, and compare the common types of errors encountered in prescriptions, as well as the factors associated with the root causes of these errors, in a large tertiary hospital in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. METHODS: The design used is a retrospective cross-sectional analysis conducted in tertiary care hospitals in the Al-Qassim region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. MEs were reported by nurses, pharmacist, and physicians through “hospital-based incident medication error reports” collected from January 2016 to December 2016. RESULTS: During the study period, 2123 MEs were reported for 213,489 prescriptions, of which 1282 (60.38%) were errors by a physician followed by nurses and then pharmacists. Analysis of the outcome of error types revealed that error types B and C were the most common, with only few type A errors identified (0.14%). The most common type of error was incomplete data (34.27%) followed by prescription in illegible handwriting (14.88%). The least common ME was prescription of the wrong strength (0.17%). CONCLUSION: This study revealed multiple prescription errors across 213,489 prescriptions, most commonly originating with physicians. The incidence of serious errors was low at 0.14%, and the major outcome of prescription errors was “Near miss.” “Incomplete data” and “Illegible handwriting” were the most common types of MEs detected. Despite the low number of MEs recorded during the study period, some of the errors were indeed serious. Based on the findings of this study, policy-makers should consider strategies for increasing efficiency in the hospital setting.

scholarly journals A tuberculin skin test survey among healthcare workers in two public tertiary care hospitals in Bangladesh

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243951
Author(s):  
Md Saiful Islam ◽  
Abrar Ahmad Chughtai ◽  
Arifa Nazneen ◽  
Kamal Ibne Amin Chowdhury ◽  
Muhammad Tauhidul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tuberculin Skin Test ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals

In Bangladesh, there is currently no data on the burden of latent TB infection (LTBI) amongst hospital healthcare workers (HCWs). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of LTBI and compare the prevalence among HCWs in two public tertiary care hospitals. Between September 2018 and August 2019, we conducted a cross-sectional study in two public tertiary care general hospitals. Using a survey and tuberculin skin test (TST), we assessed risk factors for LTBI, adjusting for known and plausible confounders. In addition, a facility assessment was undertaken to understand the implementation of relevant IPC measures. The prevalence of LTBI among HCWs was 42%. HCWs spent a median of 6 hours (SD = 1.76, IQR 2.00) per day and attended an average of 1.87 pulmonary TB patients per week. HCWs did not receive any TB IPC training, the wards lacked a symptom checklist to screen patients for TB, and no masks were available for coughing patients. Seventy-seven percent reportedly did not use any facial protection (masks or respirators) while caring for patients. In the multivariable model adjusting for hospital level clustering effect, TST positivity was significantly higher among HCWs aged 35–45 years (aOR1.36, 95% CI: 1.06–1.73) and with >3 years of service (aOR 1.67, 95% CI: 1.62–1.72). HCWs working in the medicine ward had 3.65 (95% CI: 2.20–6.05) times, and HCWs in the gynecology and obstetrics ward had 2.46 (95% CI: 1.42–4.27) times higher odds of TST positivity compared to HCWs working in administrative areas. This study identified high prevalence of LTBI among HCWs. This may be due to the level of exposure to pulmonary TB patients, and/or limited use of personal protective equipment along with poor implementation of TB IPC in the hospitals. Considering the high prevalence of LTBI, we recommend the national TB program consider providing preventative therapy to the HCWs as the high-risk group, and implement TB IPC in the hospitals.

scholarly journals High rates of community-acquired, Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)- positive methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections in adult outpatients in Greece

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Vourli ◽  
H Vagiakou ◽  
G Ganteris ◽  
M Orfanidou ◽  
M Polemis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Sccmec Type ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Empiric Therapy ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Spa Typing ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin ◽  
Valentine Leukocidin

Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 88 (30. 8%) of 286 adult patients suffering from various skin and soft-tissue infections examined in the outpatient department of a 650 bed tertiary-care hospital of Athens, Greece between January 2006 and December 2007. Twenty-seven (30.7%) of the S. aureus infections were caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). All MRSA isolates were also resistant to tetracycline, fucidic acid and kanamycin, but were sensitive to gentamicin and tobramycin, as well as to to cotrimoxazole, chloramphenicol, quinolones, clindamycin and erythromycin. All isolates belonged to staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec elements (SCCmec) type IV, and were found to carry the lukF-PV and lukS genes coding for Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and spa-typing revealed high genetic similarity among all MRSA isolates and with the PFGE pattern of the well-described ST80 clone that seems to be spreading through Europe. The high prevalence of MRSA among S. aureus infections in the community signify that empiric therapy in Greece, when clinically indicated, should exclude β-lactam antibiotics. Moreover, the establishment of an active screening for PVL-positive community-acquired (CA)-MRSA carriage and the adoption of a search and destroy strategy for CA-MRSA in all patients admitted with purulent skin and soft-tissue is of high priority in Greece as well as in all European countries which face high rates of CA-MRSA infection.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus carrying lukS/F Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) toxin genes in hospitals of Lahore city

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (09) ◽  
pp. 720-725
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shaheen Iqbal ◽  
Yasar Saleem ◽  
Farheen Ansari ◽  
Muhammad Usman Qamar ◽  
Sania Mazhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Burn Wounds ◽  
High Level ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin ◽  
Valentine Leukocidin

Introduction: Panton Valentine-Leukocidin (PVL) toxin is secreted by Staphylococcus aureus and is mostly associated with skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI). This study aims to find out the prevalence of lukS/F-PV gene, which encode PVL toxin from strains of SSTI, burn wounds and nasal colonizers of out-patients and to measure the antimicrobial susceptibility of S. aureus isolates. Methodology: This is an analytical observational cross-section study and was conducted from July 2014 to June 2015 at four tertiary care hospitals and PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 376 random clinical swabs were collected from SSTI (n = 179), nasal nares (n = 134) and burn wounds (n = 63) from out-patients’ departments (OPD). The specimens were cultured on nutrient and mannitol salt agar (MSA) and the organism was identified by catalase, coagulase, and DNase tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility, methicillin, inducible clindamycin, and high-level mupirocin (HLMR) resistance were determined as per CLSI guidelines. Molecular identification of mecA and lukS/F-PV genes was performed by PCR. Results: We isolated 127 S. aureus, where 41 (32.3%) were MRSA and 86 (67.7%) were MSSA. All MRSA carried mecA gene whereas lukS/F-PV gene was found in 21 MRSA and 31 MSSA strains. Overall, a high antimicrobial resistance was found against MRSA and lukS/F-PV positive MSSA. Inducible clindamycin and high-level mupirocin resistance (HLMR) was 23.6% and 19.5% respectively. Conclusions: A high rate of PVL toxin gene was detected among S. aureus strains and a high prevalence of antimicrobial resistant strains was observed.

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