scholarly journals Influence of Biomass Burning on Temporal and Diurnal Variations of Acidic Gases, Particulate Nitrate, and Sulfate in a Tropical Urban Atmosphere

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sailesh N. Behera ◽  
Rajasekhar Balasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Nitrous Acid ◽  
Trajectory Analysis ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Urban Atmosphere ◽  
Average Data ◽  
Acidic Gases ◽  
Transboundary Air Pollution ◽  
Haze Episode ◽  
Air Trajectory

The present study investigated the temporal and diurnal distributions of atmospheric acidic gases (sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrous acid (HONO), and nitric acid (HNO3)) and those of particulate nitrate (NO3-) and sulfate (SO42-) through a comprehensive field campaign during the largest smoke haze episode in Singapore, a representative country in Southeast Asia (SEA). To identify the atmospheric behavior of these pollutants during the smoke haze period, the data generated from the measurement campaign were divided into three distinct periods: prehaze, during haze, and posthaze periods. The 24 hr average data indicated that ambient SO2, HONO, and HNO3during the smoke haze episodes increased by a factor ranging from 1.2 to 2.6 compared to those during the prehaze and posthaze periods. Similarly, in the case of particulatesSO42-andNO3-, the factor ranged from 2.3 to 4.2. Backward air trajectories were constructed and used to find the sources of biomass burning to the recurring smoke haze in this region. The air trajectory analysis showed that the smoke haze episodes experienced in Singapore were influenced by transboundary air pollution, caused by severe biomass burning events in the islands of Indonesia.

Variability and sources of non-methane hydrocarbons at a Mediterranean urban atmosphere: The role of biomass burning and traffic emissions

2021 ◽  
pp. 149389
Author(s):  
Anastasia Panopoulou ◽  
Eleni Liakakou ◽  
Stephane Sauvage ◽  
Valerie Gros ◽  
Nadine Locoge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Traffic Emissions ◽  
Urban Atmosphere

Legacy and emerging flame retardants (FRs) in the urban atmosphere of Pakistan: Diurnal variations, gas-particle partitioning and human health exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol 743 ◽  
pp. 140874
Author(s):  
Jabir Hussain Syed ◽  
Mehreen Iqbal ◽  
Knut Breivik ◽  
Muhammad Jamshed Iqbal Chaudhry ◽  
Muhammad Shahnawaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Urban Atmosphere

scholarly journals Fossil vs. non-fossil sources of fine carbonaceous aerosols in four Chinese cities during the extreme winter haze episode of 2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1299-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-L. Zhang ◽  
R.-J. Huang ◽  
I. El Haddad ◽  
K.-F. Ho ◽  
J.-J. Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
World Health ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽  
Haze Episode ◽  
Mass Concentrations

Abstract. During winter 2013, extremely high concentrations (i.e., 4–20 times higher than the World Health Organization guideline) of PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm) mass concentrations (24 h samples) were found in four major cities in China including Xi'an, Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. Statistical analysis of a combined data set from elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), 14C and biomass-burning marker measurements using Latin hypercube sampling allowed a quantitative source apportionment of carbonaceous aerosols. Based on 14C measurements of EC fractions (six samples each city), we found that fossil emissions from coal combustion and vehicle exhaust dominated EC with a mean contribution of 75 ± 8% across all sites. The remaining 25 ± 8% was exclusively attributed to biomass combustion, consistent with the measurements of biomass-burning markers such as anhydrosugars (levoglucosan and mannosan) and water-soluble potassium (K+). With a combination of the levoglucosan-to-mannosan and levoglucosan-to-K+ ratios, the major source of biomass burning in winter in China is suggested to be combustion of crop residues. The contribution of fossil sources to OC was highest in Beijing (58 ± 5%) and decreased from Shanghai (49 ± 2%) to Xi'an (38 ± 3%) and Guangzhou (35 ± 7%). Generally, a larger fraction of fossil OC was from secondary origins than primary sources for all sites. Non-fossil sources accounted on average for 55 ± 10 and 48 ± 9% of OC and total carbon (TC), respectively, which suggests that non-fossil emissions were very important contributors of urban carbonaceous aerosols in China. The primary biomass-burning emissions accounted for 40 ± 8, 48 ± 18, 53 ± 4 and 65 ± 26% of non-fossil OC for Xi'an, Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, respectively. Other non-fossil sources excluding primary biomass burning were mainly attributed to formation of secondary organic carbon (SOC) from non-fossil precursors such as biomass-burning emissions. For each site, we also compared samples from moderately to heavily polluted days according to particulate matter mass. Despite a significant increase of the absolute mass concentrations of primary emissions from both fossil and non-fossil sources during the heavily polluted events, their relative contribution to TC was even decreased, whereas the portion of SOC was consistently increased at all sites. This observation indicates that SOC was an important fraction in the increment of carbonaceous aerosols during the haze episode in China.

scholarly journals The characteristics of atmospheric brown carbon in Xi'an, inland China: sources, size distributions and optical properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 2017-2030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Can Wu ◽  
Gehui Wang ◽  
Jin Li ◽  
Jianjun Li ◽  
Cong Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Urban Atmosphere ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Brown Carbon ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Fine Mode

Abstract. To investigate the characteristics of atmospheric brown carbon (BrC) in the semiarid region of East Asia, PM2.5 and size-resolved particles in the urban atmosphere of Xi'an, inland China, during the winter and summer of 2017 were collected and analyzed for optical properties and chemical compositions. Methanol extracts (MeOH extracts) were more light-absorbing than water extracts (H2O extracts) in the optical wavelength of 300–600 nm and well correlated with nitrophenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and oxygenated PAHs (r > 0.78). The light absorptions (absλ=365 nm) of H2O extracts and MeOH extracts in winter were 28±16 and 49±32 M m−1, respectively, which are about 10 times higher than those in summer, mainly due to the enhanced emissions from biomass burning for house heating. Water-extracted BrC predominately occurred in the fine mode (< 2.1 µm) during winter and summer, accounting for 81 % and 65 % of the total absorption of BrC, respectively. The light absorption and stable carbon isotope composition measurements showed an increasing ratio of absλ=365 nm-MeOH to absλ=550 nm-EC along with an enrichment of 13C in PM2.5 during the haze development, indicating an accumulation of secondarily formed BrC (e.g., nitrophenols) in the aerosol aging process. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis showed that biomass burning, fossil fuel combustion, secondary formation, and fugitive dust are the major sources of BrC in the city, accounting for 55 %, 19 %, 16 %, and 10 % of the total BrC of PM2.5, respectively.

Biomass burning pollution products C2H6, C2H2, HCOOH, and PAN in the Southern hemisphere UTLS region observed by the GLORIA instrument during the SouthTRAC HALO aircraft campaign Sep-Nov 2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Friedl-Vallon ◽  
Jörn Ungermann ◽  
Sören Johansson ◽  
Gerald Wetzel ◽  
Markus Geldenhuys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Trajectory Analysis ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Infrared Region ◽  
Tierra Del Fuego ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
Research Aircraft ◽  
Two Phases

&lt;p&gt;The Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere (GLORIA) is an imaging Fourier transform spectrometer (iFTS) using a 2-dimensional detector array to record emission spectra in the mid-infrared region with high spatial resolution. GLORIA has been operated on the High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO) during the SouthTRAC campaign in September-November 2019. The campaign with base in Rio Grande (Tierra del Fuego) consisted of two observational periods, mainly in September and November 2019. Apart from many local flights, between the two phases HALO returned to Germany which allowed us to acquire long-range hemispheric cross-sections.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Two dimensional distributions of pollution species like C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;, C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, HCOOH, and PAN, which are produced as primary and secondary products from biomass burning sources have been derived from the GLORIA observations. We will show that during the hemispheric cross sections as well as during some of the local flights, GLORIA observed pollution plumes with extensions of many kilometres in altitude and hundreds of kilometres horizontally with strongly enhanced concentrations of these species.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Trajectory analysis as well as comparisons to Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) satellite observations show that the origin of plumes are mainly fires in South America and Africa, but also first signs of the Australian bush fires have been detected in the UTLS as early as November 2019.&lt;/p&gt;

An evaluation of the mechanism of nitrous acid formation in the urban atmosphere

1994 ◽  
Vol 20 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 463-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Calvert ◽  
G. Yarwood ◽  
A. M. Dunker
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Acid ◽  
Urban Atmosphere ◽  
Acid Formation

scholarly journals Black carbon record based on a shallow Himalayan ice core and its climatic implications

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 14413-14432 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ming ◽  
H. Cachier ◽  
C. Xiao ◽  
D. Qin ◽  
S. Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Trajectory Analysis ◽  
Continuous Measurement ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Radiative Absorption ◽  
Air Trajectory

Abstract. A continuous measurement for black carbon conducted on a shallow ice core extracted from the East Rongbuk glacier beside Mt. Qomolangma recovers the first historical record of black carbon 13 deposition in the past ~50 years in the high Asian cryosphere. Fast increasing trend of BC concentration is revealed since the mid-1990s. Backward air trajectory analysis indicates that South Asia's emission has significant impacts on the BC deposition in the East Rongbuk glacier. The estimated atmospheric BC concentration over the East Rongbuk glacier is about 80 ngC m−3. This suggests black carbon from South Asia's emission might penetrate into the Tibetan Plateau by 18 climbing over the elevated Himalayas. Considering the consequent extra solar radiative absorption over the glacier, it is suggested that this amplitude of BC concentration in the atmosphere over the Himalayas could not be neglected when assessing the warming effect on the surface of the glaciers on the Himalayas.

scholarly journals Impact of Biomass Burning Plumes on the Size-Segregated Aerosol Chemistry over an Urban Atmosphere at Indo-Gangetic Plain

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhinandan Ghosh ◽  
Arindam Roy ◽  
Abhijit Chatterjee ◽  
Sanat K. Das ◽  
Sanjay K. Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Urban Atmosphere ◽  
Aerosol Chemistry ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Indo Gangetic Plain
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