Morphometry Governs the Dynamics of a Drainage Basin: Analysis and Implications

Mountainous rivers are the most significant source of water supply in the Himalayan provinces of India. The drainage basin dynamics of these rivers are controlled by the tectonomorphic parameters, which include both surface and subsurface characteristics of a basin. To understand the drainage basin dynamics and their usefulness in watershed prioritisation and management in terms of soil erosion studies and groundwater potential assessment and flood hazard risk reduction in mountainous rivers, morphometric analysis of a Himalayan River (Supin River) basin has been taken as a case study. The entire Supin River basin has been subdivided into 27 subwatersheds and 36 morphometric parameters have been calculated under four broad categories: drainage network, basin geometry, drainage texture, and relief characteristics, each of which is further grouped into five different clusters having similar morphometric properties. The various morphometric parameters have been correlated with each other to understand their underlying relationship and control over the basin hydrogeomorphology. The result thus generated provides adequate knowledge base required for decision making during strategic planning and delineation of prioritised hazard management zones in mountainous terrains.

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Estimation of Morphometric Parameters of Karatoya sub-River Basin in Bangladesh using GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques

Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources ◽

10.33002/nr2581.6853.03036 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 73-89

Author(s):

Muhammad Jasim Uddin ◽

Md. Abu Hamjalal Babu ◽

Md. Risadul Islam ◽

Fahim Farzana ◽

Most. Lata Khatun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

River Basin ◽

Morphometric Analysis ◽

Secondary Data ◽

River Network ◽

Morphometric Parameters ◽

Drainage Pattern ◽

Gis And Remote Sensing ◽

Fine Grain ◽

Drainage Texture

Morphometric analysis identifies the relationship of various aspects in the basin area, and plays an important role for understanding the geo-hydrological characteristics of a basin. The Karatoya River is ecologically and economically significant for Dinajpur region of Bangladesh. In this study, the morphometry of a sub-portion of Karatoya River in Birganj upazila was assessed by using GIS and remote sensing. The secondary data from ASTER DEM data and DEM data of Bangladesh were used to represent the morphologic and geo-hydrologic nature of the basin. The study computed and assessed more than 31 morphometric parameters in all aspects of the river basin. Morphometric analysis of the river network and the basin revealed that the Karatoya sub-basin was in the 6th order river network (as Strahler’s classification) with a dendritic and parallel drainage pattern and fine grain in drainage texture. This type of analysis will lead to develop the sustainable framework for agricultural and watershed management to be used by the local administration.

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Geospatial Approach for Quantitative Drainage Morphometric Analysis of Varuna River Basin, India

Journal of Landscape Ecology ◽

10.2478/jlecol-2019-0007 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 1-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Praveen Kumar Rai ◽

Prafull Singh ◽

Varun Narayan Mishra ◽

Anisha Singh ◽

Bhartendu Sajan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Morphometric Analysis ◽

Drainage Network ◽

Stream Network ◽

Basin Morphometry ◽

Digital Elevation ◽

Basin Geometry ◽

Study Zone ◽

Drainage Texture ◽

Elevation Model

Abstract An assessment of Varuna river basin of India was performed to study the various drainage parameters in GIS platform. The delineation of drainage network is possible either physically from topographic sheets or with the help data of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) by methods for calculation techniques. Extraction of the basin and sub-basins, stream network has been produced to evaluate the drainage characteristics in the study zone. The entire Varuna river basin has been subdivided into 3 sub-watersheds and 41 morphometric parameters have been computed under four broad categories i.e. drainage network, basin geometry, drainage texture, and relief characteristics. The morphometric analysis has been performed and different parameters have been correlated with each other to understand their underlying connection and their role over the basin hydro geomorphology. The study discloses different types of morphometric analysis and how they influence the soil and topography of the basin. The investigation and estimation of basin morphometry and relief parameters in GIS will be of massive utility in catchment area advancement, understanding the watershed for natural resource evaluation, planning and administration at any scale. The outcomes thus generated equip us with significant knowledge and may also provide an input that are essential in decision making for watershed planning and drainage development of the watershed.

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Morphometric Study of Dhatarwadi River Basin Using RS and GIS Techniques

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2021/v40i1031354 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Priti S. Jayswal ◽

Narendra Kumar Gontia ◽

Ketan N. Sondarva

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Overland Flow ◽

Drainage Basin ◽

Research Work ◽

Morphometric Study ◽

Elongation Ratio ◽

Drainage Pattern ◽

Stream Length ◽

Agricultural Engineering ◽

Drainage Texture

Aims: Morphometric study of Dhatarwadi river basin. Place and Duration of Study: This study is a work done for the research work in Ph.D. degree at College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India. Methodology: Morphometric analysis involved determination of linear, aerial and relief aspects of the Dhatarwadi river basin, which was carried out using 30 X 30 m SRTM DEM in ArcGIS 10.5 software using standard formulae. Results: The obtained results revealed that the Dhatarwadi river basin is 6th order drainage basin. The total number of 1327 streams were identified out of which 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th order streams are counted as 1036, 239, 42, 7, 2 and 1 number, respectively. The mean bifurcation ratio value is 4.31 for the study area which indicates that the geological structures are not distorting the drainage pattern. Stream length ratio varies between 0.14 and 2.14 indicates late youth geomorphic stage. The length of overland flow was found as 0.3084 km which also indicates very less structural disturbance, low runoff conditions and having higher overland flow. The stream frequency of the basin is 1.5448 km-2, indicates that this basin is having high permeable geology, low relief and the almost flat topography. The form factor, elongation ratio, circularity ratio and compactness coefficient are found as 0.3951, 0.7094, 0.3126 and 1.7882, respectively of the study basin is suggests that the Dhatarwadi river basin shape is elongated. The drainage texture is 7.1426 km-1 which shows that the Dhatarwadi river basin has short duration for peak flow. The relief, relief ratio and relative ratio of the basin are found as 0.438 km, 0.009372 and 0.2352, respectively. Conclusion: All these parameters indicate that the Dhatarwadi river basin is of flat terrain with small hillocks/inselbergs having low to medium runoff potential.

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Evaluation of Erosion-Prone Areas in Lamurde River Basin, Nigeria Using Morphometric Prioritization Method

Journal of Geography Environment and Earth Science International ◽

10.9734/jgeesi/2021/v25i830301 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 17-31

Author(s):

E. D. Oruonye ◽

Y. M. Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Soil Erosion ◽

River Basin ◽

Drainage Basin ◽

Remote Sensing And Gis ◽

Parent Material ◽

Morphometric Parameters ◽

Drainage Pattern ◽

Order Stream ◽

Main Trunk

Remote sensing and GIS techniques have been increasingly used in characterization of drainage basin and prioritization of erosion prone watershed. This study uses remote sensing and GIS to characterise drainage basin morphometry and prioritize soil erosion prone sub watershed in the Lamurde watershed in Taraba state Nigeria. The study adopted standard formulae and methods to compute the morphometric parameters. The Lamurde watershed was delineated to fifteen sub-watersheds with each coded as WS1 to WS15. The result of the findings reveals that Lamurde watershed has a dendritic to sub-dendritic drainage pattern with the smaller streams intersecting the main trunk at acute angles. The findings reveal that Lamurde is a ninth order stream with total area of 1,458.66 km2 and a perimeter of 395.93 km. The basin also has 258,493 total number of streams. The main soil types in the Lamurde basin are fluvisol, lithosol, ferric luvisols and humic nitosols. The surface soil texture of the area is mainly loamy type and particle size classes are fine loamy type. Depth of soil varies from shallow to very deep and having parent material derived from sandstones, mudstones and shales. The findings of the study reveals that watershed: WS7, WS8, WS5, WS11, WS15, WS14, WS2 and WS6 in ascending order are very highly vulnerable to soil erosion. Despite inherent limitation in the use of morphometric parameters to prioritize erosion prone sub watersheds, it is most suitable in the present circumstances because of inadequate information and lack of functional measurement station in the basin, since they have more stable and accessible data on which prioritization of the watersheds can be based on. This study contributes to the problem of dearth of information regarding the susceptibility to erosion in the Lamurde River Basin in Taraba State Nigeria. Based on this findings, these sub watersheds should be given higher priority on any soil conservation intervention measures in the study area. This will go a long way to help address the problem of soil erosion in the area.

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The significance of morphometric analysis to understand the hydrological and morphological characteristics in two different morpho-climatic settings

Applied Water Science ◽

10.1007/s13201-019-1118-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Avijit Mahala

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

River Basin ◽

Drainage Basin ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Remote Sensing And Gis ◽

Morphometric Parameters ◽

Mature Stage ◽

Morphometric Characteristics ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Humid Environment

AbstractDrainage morphometric parameters are important indicator to understand the hydrological and morphological characteristics of any region. Present study aims to understand the hydrological and morphological characteristics in two different morpho-climatic settings from drainage basin morphometric parameters. Remote sensing and GIS have been used as efficient tools in delineating and understanding of any drainage basin morphometry. The Kosi River basin of northern India for the mountain–plain tropical environment and Kangsabati River basin of eastern India for the plateau–plain sub-humid environment has been selected for the present study. The geological, geomorphological, hydrological, fluvial characteristics have been stressed out under linear, areal and relief aspects of morphometric parameters. The drainage morphometric parameters have been determined and measured after using the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer global DEM (90 m) in ARC GIS 10.1. All the linear morphometric measures of mountain–plain humid Kosi River basin indicate its high flood potentiality, whereas, linear morphometric measures of Kangsabati River basin indicate less flood potentiality and plateau landform characteristics of sub-humid environment. The mean bifurcation ratio also indicates Kosi River has greater flood potentiality than Kangsabati River. Kosi River has drained large amount of water due to its near-circular basin shape than Kangsabati River which has an elongated shape. All the relief characteristics indicate that tropical mountain–plain environment dominated Kosi River basin is in rejuvenated or young stage of geomorphic development, whereas sub-humid plateau–plain dominated Kangsabati River basin is in mature stage of geomorphic development. Most of the morphometric characteristics indicate there are high geologic and geomorphological controls on river basin characteristics. The remote sensing and GIS tool have been successfully implemented throughout the study to understand the morphometric characteristics in two different morpho-climatic settings. Also, the results can be used for plan formation and sustainable management of the study area.

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GIS & Remote Sensing Based Morphometric Parameters and Topographic Changes of the Lower Orashi River in Niger Delta

Journal of Atmospheric Science Research ◽

10.30564/jasr.v5i1.3873 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Desmond Eteh ◽

Edirin Akpofure ◽

Solomon Otobo

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

River Basin ◽

Drainage Density ◽

Morphometric Parameters ◽

Watershed Hydrology ◽

Drainage Pattern ◽

Total Size ◽

Stream Frequency ◽

Drainage Texture ◽

Remote Sensing Techniques

In watershed hydrology, the morphometric features of a river basin are vital to examine the lower Orashi River basin morphological and hydrological aspects, as well as its flood potential, based on their morphometric characteristics using remotely sensed SRTM data that was analyzed with ArcGIS software. The areal, linear, and relief aspects of the Orashi River basin were examined as morphometric parameters. The lower Orashi river basin, according to the findings, has a total size of 625.61 km2 and a perimeter of 307.98 km, with a 5th order river network based on Strahler categorization and a dendritic drainage pattern. Because of low drainage density, the drainage texture is very fine, the relief is low, and the slope is very low. Bifurcation ratio, circularity ratio, drainage density aspect ratio, form factor, and stream frequency values indicate that the basin is less elongated and would produce surface runoff for a longer period, while topographic changes show that the river is decreasing with depth in the land area at about the same elevation as a result of sand deposited due to lack of maintenance by dredging, which implies that the basin is morphometrically elevated and sensitive to erosion and flooding. To understand geohydrological features and to plan and manage watersheds, morphometric analysis based on geographic information systems and remote sensing techniques is beneficial.

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ASSESSMENT OF FLOOD INFLUENCE CRITERIA IN THE LAM RIVER BASIN USING A COMBINED DELPHI-AHP METHOD

Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories ◽

10.21177/1998-4502-2021-13-3-387-396 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 387-396

Author(s):

Nguyen DUNG ◽

◽

Dang MINH ◽

Keyword(s):

Land Cover ◽

River Basin ◽

Flood Hazard ◽

Drainage Density ◽

Analytic Hierarchy ◽

Slope Length ◽

Study Results ◽

Baseline Information ◽

And Control ◽

Relative Slope

Flood is represented as one of the most destructive natural hazards to humankind. Assessing and predicting floods hazard is necessary to offer appropriate solutions for flood mitigation and sustainable environmental management. It is only possible when the main criteria that contributed to creating the flood hazard are pointed out. The purpose of the current research was to choose and attribute scores to all various flood-causing factors in the Lam river basin. Firstly, the Delphi method was applied to the expertbased survey to choose six key parameters that led to the floods, including rainfall, slope, relative slope length, drainage density, land cover, and soil. Then, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach is employed as an effective tool to obtain a better understanding of all the factors or indicator contributions in the flood process based on weight given to each of six flood influencing elements. The consistency analyses revealed that the findings were coherent and consistent with a previous study. It is also interesting to notice that rainfall and slope are the most prominent flood occurrence criteria with 45% and 25.5%, respectively. However, the influence of other factors (drainage density, relative slope length, land cover, and soil) is not visible. These parameters are assigned to the small weights and do not have a significant influence on the flood phenomenon. The study results provide baseline information, which needs to be taken into account to mitigate and control floods.

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Chemical Composition and Metal Speciation in Porewaters from the Upper Qu’Appelle River Basin, Saskatchewan

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.1993.005 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 83-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Richard E. Farrell ◽

Jae E. Yang ◽

P. Ming Huang ◽

Wen K. Liaw

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Trace Metal ◽

River Basin ◽

Drainage Basin ◽

Metal Speciation ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

High Concentration ◽

Metal Concentrations ◽

Carbonate Equilibria ◽

The Impact

Abstract Porewater samples from the upper Qu’Appelle River basin in Saskatchewan, Canada, were analyzed to obtain metal, inorganic ligand and amino add profiles. These data were used to compute the aqueous speciation of the metals in each porewater using the computer program GEOCHEM-PC. The porewaters were classified as slightly to moderately saline. Metal concentrations reflected both the geology of the drainage basin and the impact of anthropogenic activities. Whereas K and Na were present almost entirely as the free aquo ions, carbonate equilibria dominated the speciation of Ca. Mg and Mn (the predominant metal ligand species were of the type MCO3 (s). MCO30. and MHCO3+). Trace metal concentrations were generally within the ranges reported for non-polluted freshwater systems. Whereas the speciation of the trace metals Cr(III) and Co(II) was dominated by carbonate equilibria, Hg(II)-, Zn(II)- and Fe(II)-speciation was dominated by hydroxy-metal complexes of the type M(OH)+ and M(OH)2°. The speciation of Fe(III) was dominated by Fe(OH)3 (s). In porewaters with high chloride concentrations (> 2 mM), however, significant amounts of Hg(II) were bound as HgCl20 and HgClOH0. The aqueous speciation of Al was dominated by Al(OH)4− and Al2Si2O4(OH)6 (s). Total concentrations of dissolved free amino acids varied from 15.21 to 25.17 umole L−1. The most important metal scavenging amino acids were histidine (due to high stability constants for the metal-histidine complexes) and tryptophan (due to its relatively high concentration in the porewaters. i.e., 5.96 to 7.73 umole L−1). Secondary concentrations of various trace metal-amino add complexes were computed for all the porewaters, but metal-amino acid complexes dominated the speciation of Cu(II) in all the porewaters and Ni(II) in two of the porewaters.

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