Chemical Composition and Metal Speciation in Porewaters from the Upper Qu’Appelle River Basin, Saskatchewan

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Farrell ◽  
Jae E. Yang ◽  
P. Ming Huang ◽  
Wen K. Liaw
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Metal Speciation ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Carbonate Equilibria ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Porewater samples from the upper Qu’Appelle River basin in Saskatchewan, Canada, were analyzed to obtain metal, inorganic ligand and amino add profiles. These data were used to compute the aqueous speciation of the metals in each porewater using the computer program GEOCHEM-PC. The porewaters were classified as slightly to moderately saline. Metal concentrations reflected both the geology of the drainage basin and the impact of anthropogenic activities. Whereas K and Na were present almost entirely as the free aquo ions, carbonate equilibria dominated the speciation of Ca. Mg and Mn (the predominant metal ligand species were of the type MCO3 (s). MCO30. and MHCO3+). Trace metal concentrations were generally within the ranges reported for non-polluted freshwater systems. Whereas the speciation of the trace metals Cr(III) and Co(II) was dominated by carbonate equilibria, Hg(II)-, Zn(II)- and Fe(II)-speciation was dominated by hydroxy-metal complexes of the type M(OH)+ and M(OH)2°. The speciation of Fe(III) was dominated by Fe(OH)3 (s). In porewaters with high chloride concentrations (> 2 mM), however, significant amounts of Hg(II) were bound as HgCl20 and HgClOH0. The aqueous speciation of Al was dominated by Al(OH)4− and Al2Si2O4(OH)6 (s). Total concentrations of dissolved free amino acids varied from 15.21 to 25.17 umole L−1. The most important metal scavenging amino acids were histidine (due to high stability constants for the metal-histidine complexes) and tryptophan (due to its relatively high concentration in the porewaters. i.e., 5.96 to 7.73 umole L−1). Secondary concentrations of various trace metal-amino add complexes were computed for all the porewaters, but metal-amino acid complexes dominated the speciation of Cu(II) in all the porewaters and Ni(II) in two of the porewaters.

Trace metal concentrations and OH defects in quartz from Amazon River sands & and perspectives for application to the marine record

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Jaeger ◽  
Roland Stalder ◽  
Cristiano Chiessi ◽  
André Sawakuchi ◽  
Michael Strasser
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metal ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Sediment Provenance ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Amazon River ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Oh Defects ◽  
Quartz Grains

<p>Trace metal concentrations and associated hydrous lattice point defects (OH defects) in quartz can help reveal its host rock’s crystallization history and are easily quantified using electron microprobe and infrared spectroscopy, respectively. These chemical impurities are preserved throughout the sedimentary cycle and thus lend themselves as tracers for sediment provenance analyses, particularly in settings where “traditional” provenance tools, e.g., thermochronology and heavy mineral analysis, are difficult due to factors like low mineral fertility and aggressive tropical weathering.</p><p>In this study, we apply this provenance analysis tool to detrital, sand-sized quartz grains from the Amazon River and its major tributaries, draining the Andean orogen as well as the Guiana- and Central Brazil Shields. Trace metal and OH defect concentrations from individual catchments are spread out over wide and mutually overlapping ranges of values. This means that each individual quartz grain cannot be unequivocally attributed to one catchment. However, evaluation of a statistically sound number of grains reveals that Andean quartz is, on average, richer in the trace metal aluminum (and Al-related OH defects) than quartz derived from one of the shield sources.</p><p>We evaluate our findings in the context of previous provenance studies on Amazon River sediments and discuss a potential future application of analyzing trace metals and OH defects in quartz in the offshore sediment record. Any past, major rearrangements in the Amazon watershed affecting the ratio of Andean vs. Shield-derived quartz grains should be detectable and our approach may therefore contribute to the reconstruction of Amazon drainage basin evolution.</p>

scholarly journals Trace Metal Contamination Characteristics and Health Risks Assessment ofCommelina africanaL. and Psammitic Sandflats in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nsikak U. Benson ◽  
Paul A. Enyong ◽  
Omowunmi H. Fred-Ahmadu
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metal ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Metal Levels

The purpose of this study was to investigate and quantify trace metal concentrations inCommelina africanaL. and psammitic sandflats from an intertidal coastal ecosystem in Niger Delta, Nigeria, and to evaluate their spatial distribution, degree of contamination, and source apportionment. The environmental risks associated with soil contamination were elaborately assessed using potential ecological risk index, sediment quality guidelines, and enrichment relative to background levels. The mean concentrations of Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn in sandflat soil samples are0.76±9.0×10-2,7.39±8.7×10-1,2.28±0.35,0.024±4.0×10-3, and74.51±2.55 mg/kg, respectively. Metal levels indicate strong variability with sampling sites. The order of trace metal concentrations in theCommelina africanaL. samples isZn>Ni>Cr>Pb>Cd. The concentrations varied with the sample locations; and the levels of Pb (0.05 to 0.08 mg/kg) at all locations are found to be significantly below permissible level of 0.3 mg/kg. Potential sources of metal loadings may be associated with localised or diffused anthropogenic activities. The average carcinogenic risks are below1.0×10-6threshold values, and the sandflat soils are not considered to pose significant health effects to children and adult males and females. However, the carcinogenicity and noncarcinogenicity risks ranking decrease following the orderchildren>adult  males>adult  females. Comparatively, the hazard quotient and hazard index indicate that the psammitic sandflats might pose a health risk to children in future.

Application of Ultraclean Sampling and Analytical Techniques to an Investigation of the Impact of Power-Plant Derived Heavy Metals on Groundwater, Riverwater, Bottom Sediments and Benthic Organisms

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 223-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis G Waslenchuk
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Connecticut River ◽  
Sediment Grain Size ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Redox Poise ◽  
The Impact

As utility companies refit their oil-fired power stations for use with coal, they are attracting the attention of a concerned public. It becomes especially important, when operating under such close scrutiny, to conduct thoughtful environmental investigations with accurate analytic techniques. In one case, at a Massachusetts, U.S.A., power station, the routine trace metal analyses provided by private water-quality laboratories gave the impression that metal levels in stream and groundwaters adjacent to the plant were alarmingly high. This data, released by the utility company itself, resulted in extensive public criticism and costly effort for the utility and State of Massachusetts regulatory agencies. The problem, however, was more perceived than real, as the present study, conducted later, showed. This investigation brought together ultra-clean sampling and handling techniques (borrowed from geochemical oceanographic practices) and interpretive concepts from aquatic geochemistry. Levels of metal enrichment in stream waters were revealed to be in fact much lower (eg. Cu, 2 µg/l) than implied by the evidently investigator-contaminated samples (eg. Cu, 20 µg/l) from previous work, underlining the importance of employing difficult but uncompromising procedures when dealing with metals in the aquatic environment. Furthermore, with accurate analyses at hand, the geochemist's “mixing diagram” concept allowed interpretation of the fate of the power-plant derived excess metals in the cooling-water discharge; excess dissolved copper, for instance, disappeared not due to reactions with particles, but rather due to simple and rapid dilution in the effluent-river mixing zone. Examination of the relationships between various trace metal concentrations and parameters reflecting major processes controlling metal distributions (sediment grain size, labile iron and manganese concentrations) for bottom sediments from the adjacent Connecticut River revealed that natural processes largely explained the distribution of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn associated with the acid leachable fraction of the sediments in all locations. While no anomalous metal concentrations were recognized amongst sediments, oligochaete worms living in the sediments beneath the cooling-water plume appeared to have accumulated more metal than those elsewhere. Because tissue metal levels were unrelated to sediment metal levels, it seems that the worms may respond more to the dissolved metal load than to the sediment burden. Tight correlations are evident between metal concentrations determined by the author's techniques and a measure of the redox poise (COD) in groundwaters near fly ash settling ponds. Relationships between parameters determined by the routine water-qua1ity laboratories on duplicate samples, on the other hand, are characterized by the lack of correlations, suggesting that in the latter case sample handling methods were inappropriate, leading to unrepresentative concentration estimates. The correlations that appeared with the author's data, however, indicate that metal levels in the groundwater are controlled more by spatial variations in the redox poise than by pollutant (leachate) source strength.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals in Water, Soils and Sediments of La Villa River Basin- Panama

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
José Villarreal Núñez ◽  
Adolfo Santo Pineda ◽  
Jhon Villalaz Pérez ◽  
Iván Ramos Zachrisson
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
South Central ◽  
Rectangular Area

Determine the concentration of heavy metals in water, sediments, and crops within the La Villa river basin, Herrera and Los Santos provinces, republic of Panama. La Villa river Basin, south central of Panama, in the rainy season of 2016 (May to November) and in the dry season of 2017 (December to April). Twenty two sediments and water samples were taken using the systematic method which consists of selecting sampling points at uniform distances and crops in upper, middle and lower basin. The selected sampling was confined to a preferably rectangular area of 10.0 m x 30.0 m, on which the sub-samples were taken with a number of 15 on each grid, at 0.20m depth. For collecting the water samples, a rod with a clean plastic bottle was introduced against the current of the river. The digestion of sediments and crops to determine the concentration of heavy metals (As, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Zn and Cd) was carried out according to USEPA (25) method (3051A) (SW-846). In the sediments, in the rainy season, Cu (upper and lower basin) and Mn (all levels) values were found above the USEPA Standards. In the dry season, high values of Mn were found in the middle and lower basin, Cr in the upper and lower basin and As in all areas of the basin. In the rainy and dry seasons, high levels of Mn, Zn, Cr, Cd and Pb were found in the waters of the rivers that make up the basin. The main crops at each height of the basin were analyzed, determining high levels of As and Cr in the upper basin, in the middle and lower basin Cr and Cd. It is necessary to monitor the concentration of heavy metals in sediments of La Villa river basin because 90% of the agrochemicals that enter the country is destined for agriculture. Each Panamanian consumes (does not ingest) 3 kg of agrochemicals annually, exceeding six times the amount used in Central America.  Due to their geological origin, these soils are rich in copper, manganese and arsenic, latter being associated with iron oxides and sulfides but there is also great influence of anthropogenic activities, agriculture and industries. Some metals such as lead and arsenic showed low solubility in water but showed high concentration in sediments. Chromium and cadmium present in crops come from water.

scholarly journals Heavy metal and metalloid contamination in the sediments of the Spekboom River, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Addo-Bediako ◽  
Sophy Nukeri ◽  
Millicent Kekana
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe impact of anthropogenic activities such as mining, agriculture and urbanization is causing heavy metal contamination in many freshwater ecosystems. The concentrations of eight elements (As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the Spekboom River, South Africa, were studied using enrichment factor (EF) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) to assess the extent of pollution in the river. Sediment samples were collected and analyzed using sequential inductively coupled plasma—optical emission spectrometry. The results showed deterioration of the sediment quality with high concentration of Cr and Ni at all the sites, this is a reflection of contamination from the various anthropogenic activities in the area. The current levels of Cr and Ni could be detrimental to the river and may pose a serious threat to the aquatic organisms and humans, as the sediment could act as a secondary source of metal pollution in the water. It is therefore recommended that urgent action should be taken to control effluents from anthropogenic activities to the river in order to prevent further pollution.

scholarly journals Ecological modeling based on benthic foraminifera from Tupilipalem coast, southeast coast of India: Implications for ecological trajectory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreenivasulu Ganugapenta ◽  
Jayaraju Nadimikeri ◽  
Lakshmanna Ballari ◽  
Prakash Thirumali Nageshrao ◽  
Varghese Itty Tiju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Factor Loading ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Coastal Morphology ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS data of Tupilipalem coast demonstrations the periodic closure of lagoon mouth over a brief period affecting the ecological setting and the faunal diversity and distribution. The coastal ecosystem includes a significant metal pollutant due to anthropogenic activities. This study documents forty-nine numbers of benthic foraminiferal species and establishes its relationship with heavy metal concentrations (Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Cd). The factor loading matrix generated using factor analysis grades the positive and negative correlations among the heavy metals species. The results of geoaccumulation index, enrichment factor, and pollution load index, construes the seasonal differences in metal concentrations and prevalence of higher concentrations of metals in the sediments. Besides, this paper discusses the impact of coastal morphology on heavy metal concentrations coupled with ecology and distribution of benthic foraminifera.

Trace Metal Concentrations in Snow From the Yukon River Basin, Alaska and Canada

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronwen Wang ◽  
Larry Gough ◽  
Todd Hinkley ◽  
John Garbarino ◽  
Paul Lamothe
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metal ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Yukon River ◽  
Yukon River Basin
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