scholarly journals Sodium Contents in Dairy Cow Urine and Soil Aggregate Sizes Influence the Amount of Nitrogen Lost from Soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Hamamoto ◽  
Yoshitaka Uchida
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Cow Urine ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
Simulated Rain

Cow urine deposition on pasture soils is a major source of N-related environmental impacts in the dairy farming systems. The urine-N can potentially be lost to the ground water as nitrate (NO3-) and to the atmosphere as nitrous oxide (N2O). These N-related environmental impacts are possibly related to the sodium (Na+) concentrations in urine. We sampled a pasture soil and separated it into three aggregate size groups (0–3, 3–5, and 5–7 mm). Then, cow urine with variable Na+concentrations (4.3–6.1 g Na+ L−1) was added to the soil cores. We treated the cores with simulated heavy rains and measured the amounts of calcium (Ca2+), Na+, potassium (K+), and inorganic-N leached from the soils. N2O emission rates were also determined throughout the experimental period. Increasing Na+concentration in urine decreased the loss ofNO3-(−20%), after repeatedly applied simulated rain treatments (30 mm × 3), whereas it increased the loss of ammonium (31%) and K+(19%). For the loss of Ca2+and the emissions of N2O, the effect of the Na+concentrations was unclear. Field level studies and studies focusing on the mechanisms behind the changes in nutrient losses are needed.

The effects of airline strategies on environmental sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamze Orhan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Corporate Sustainability ◽  
Air Transportation ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Deregulation of domestic markets and the liberalization of international markets have dramatically changed air transportation. One of the important results of this change is the environmental effects of air transportation. This study aims to examine the implications of air transportation on environmental sustainability in the context of airline business strategies in liberalized and globalized air transport industry. Design/methodology/approach The paper discusses the relationship between liberalization, airline strategies and environmental sustainability of air transportation using the related literature. Then, to show some environmental impacts on the axis of the relationship discussed, emission rates for the aircraft landing and take-off phase were calculated on a global basis based on the aircraft traffic. Findings The discussion in the paper shows that the liberalization policies and the strategies of airlines supported by these policies, in essence, contradict the environmental sustainability of air transport. Considering the flight share projections of EUROCONTROL for different aircraft types on a global basis and the World Bank’s global flight traffic forecast for the years 2016 and 2025, it has been demonstrated that the number of aircraft departures will increase by 30%, whilst the number of aircraft emissions will increase by 41.5%. Practical implications Airlines are one of the main actors that will play a role in reducing the environmental impacts of air transportation. Therefore, this study is important in giving an idea to both policymakers and airline managers on how airline companies’ strategies should be shaped to realize both corporate sustainability and environmentally sustainable air transportation. Originality/value There are many studies in the literature regarding the environmental effects of air transport. However, there are not many studies linking environmental impacts with airline strategies that directly affect air transport demand. This study is different in that it gives environmental sustainability by associating it with its root causes.

Computerized Platelet Aggregation Analysis: A New Method

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Zeller ◽  
R.E. Dayhoff ◽  
R.S. Ledley ◽  
Y.G. Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Size Group ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Minute Period ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
Platelet Aggregates ◽  
Aggregation Analysis

Computerized Platelet Aggregation Analysis (CPAA) is a new direct, microscopic methedo-logy using image analysis to quantitate thousands of free platelets and aggregates in platelet rich plasma suspensions and determine the percentage of platelets present in discrete aggregate size groups. CPAA is sensitive to the earliest stages of platelet aggregation which are not recognized by light transmission aggregometry (0% change in light transmission). Platelets of ten normal irxiividuals aged 20-40 years were stimulated by a spin bar (SB) (1100 rpm) for a one minute and a ten minute period. The mean values are shown below for different aggregate size groups.There is no significant increase in the number of aggregates between one and ten mirais of stimulation except for size group 9-40, which shows a minimal increment (P .025). All platelet suspensions contained aggregates of size group 3-8 platelets/aggregate and 4 of 10 specimens had aggregates of size 9-40,No aggregates larger than 41 platelets were found. CPAA can also be applied to the study of larger sized platelet aggregates induced in abnormal individuals.

Quantifying the environmental impacts of alfalfa production in different farming systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Ghaderpour ◽  
Shahin Rafiee ◽  
Mohammad Sharifi ◽  
Seyed Hashem Mousavi-Avval
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Farming Systems

Glomalin in aggregate size classes from three different farming systems

2007 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 546-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
S WRIGHT ◽  
V GREEN ◽  
M CAVIGELLI
Keyword(s):  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Size Classes

scholarly journals Ruminal methane emission by dairy cattle in Southeast Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 742-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio dos Santos Pedreira ◽  
Odo Primavesi ◽  
Magda Aparecida Lima ◽  
Rosa Frighetto ◽  
Simone Gisele de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Tracer Gas ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Southeast Brazil ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Four Blocks

Ruminal gases, particularly methane, generated during the fermentative process in rumen, represent a partial loss of feed energy and are also pointed to as an important factors in greenhouse effect. This study aimed at quantifying methane (CH4) emission rates from lactating and dry cows and heifers, 24 month-old in average, on pasture under Southeast Brazil tropical conditions, using the tracer gas technique, sulphur hexafluoride (SF6), four animals per category, distributed in four blocks. Measurements were performed in February and June, 2002, with Holstein and Brazilian Dairy Crossbred (Holstein ¾ x Gir (Zebu) ¼), maintained on fertilized Tanzania-grass (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzania) and fertilized Brachiaria-grass (Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk) pastures. Heifers of both breeds were maintained on unfertilized Brachiaria-grass to simulate conditions of extensive cattle farming systems. CH4 and SF6 levels were measured with gas chromatography. Differences in CH4 emissions were measured (p < 0.05) for genetical groups. Holstein produced more methane (299.3 g day-1) than the Crossbred (264.2 g day-1). Lactating cows produced more methane (353.8 g day-1) than dry cows (268.8 g day-1) and heifers (222.6 g day-1). Holstein, with greater milk production potential, produced less CH4 (p < 0.05) per unit of dry matter intake (19.1 g kg-1) than the Crossbred (22.0 g kg-1). Methane emission by heifers grazing fertilized pasture (intensive system) was 222.6 g day-1, greater (p < 0.05) than that of heifers on unfertilized pasture (179.2 g day-1). Methane emission varied as function of animal category and management intensity of production system.

Environmental impacts of different dairy farming systems in the Po Valley

2016 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Battini ◽  
A. Agostini ◽  
V. Tabaglio ◽  
S. Amaducci
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Po Valley

scholarly journals Crop response to residual effects of basic slag, aggregate size and groundwater level treated acid sulfate soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-123
Author(s):  
Monija Manjur ◽  
Sonia Hossain ◽  
Md Harunor Rashid Khan
Keyword(s):  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Acid Sulfate Soils ◽  
Acid Sulfate ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Sulfate Soils

A pot experiment with two acid sulfate soils of Badarkhali and Cheringa series were performed. After 18 years of fallow period in 2016, a crop trial was done in order to evaluate the response of rice plant without giving additional treatments. The average maximum temperature during the experimental period was 33.2ºC and average rainfall was 57 mm. Two cultivars of rice BRRI 48 and BRRI hybrid dhan 06 showed the tallest plant height of 115 cm and tillers 6.31 in numbers/plant on an average in both the soils. Panicle length was 16.5 cm, 1000-grain weight 22 g, grain yield 4.72 g/m2 and harvest index was 0.01 on average in both the soils. The experiment indicates that soil condition for crop growth possesses good quality after a long time and growth and yield parameters found satisfactory and significant (p ≤ 0.05). Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 27(2): 113-123, 2018 (July)

scholarly journals Environmental Assessment of an Urban Vertical Hydroponic Farming System in Sweden

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 4124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Martin ◽  
Elvira Molin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Electricity Demand ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Vertical Farming ◽  
Growing Medium

With an expanding population and changing dynamics in global food markets, it is important to find solutions for more resilient food production methods closer to urban environments. Recently, vertical farming systems have emerged as a potential solution for urban farming. However, although there is an increasing body of literature reviewing the potential of urban and vertical farming systems, only a limited number of studies have reviewed the sustainability of these systems. The aim of this article was to understand the environmental impacts of vertical hydroponic farming in urban environments applied to a case study vertical hydroponic farm in Stockholm, Sweden. This was carried out by evaluating environmental performance using a life cycle perspective to assess the environmental impacts and comparing to potential scenarios for improvement options. The results suggest that important aspects for the vertical hydroponic system include the growing medium, pots, electricity demand, the transportation of raw materials and product deliveries. By replacing plastic pots with paper pots, large reductions in GHG emissions, acidification impacts, and abiotic resource depletion are possible. Replacing conventional gardening soil as the growing medium with coir also leads to large environmental impact reductions. However, in order to further reduce the impacts from the system, more resource-efficient steps will be needed to improve impacts from electricity demand, and there is potential to develop more symbiotic exchanges to employ urban wastes and by-products.

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