scholarly journals Study on the Antinociceptive Effects of Herba Epimedium in Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang-hong Sun ◽  
Xin-jie Ruan ◽  
Li-na Wang ◽  
Shuang Liang ◽  
Xin-ping Li
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Partial Agonist ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Blocking Agent ◽  
Peripheral Region ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Antinociceptive Action ◽  
Antinociceptive Effects ◽  
Long Time

The present study was conducted to investigate the antinociceptive action of relationship between Herba Epimedium (HE) and5-HT1Areceptor, between Herba Epimedium (HE) and5-HT2Areceptor. We used the hot-plate method and the writhing assay in mice by the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection and observed the analgesic effect of HE. Furthermore, through the i.c.v. injection,5-HT1Areceptor partial agonist Buspirone, antagonist Propranolol, the adrenalineβ1-receptor selective blocking agent Metoprolol, and5-HT2Areceptor agonist hydrochloride DOI and antagonist Ketanserin were used, and, 5 min later, HE was used to investigate the impacts of drugs on the analgesic effect in the same way. Results showed that HE had fast and significant antinociception in nervous system, and the effects can persist for a long time. Buspirone and Hydrochloride DOI can remarkably increase the antinociception of HE in nervous system. Ketanserin leads to a significant decrease in its antinociception in nervous system; Metoprolol also has antinociceptive action in nervous system, but it can inhibit the antinociceptive effect of Herba Epimediumin peripheral region. These results suggest that HE has significant antinociception effect and its mechanism is related with5-HT1Areceptor,5-HT2Areceptor, and adrenalineβ1-receptor.

scholarly journals Aristolochia trilobata: Identification of the Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Effects

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Dayana da Costa Salomé ◽  
Natália de Morais Cordeiro ◽  
Tayná Sequeira Valério ◽  
Darlisson de Alexandria Santos ◽  
Péricles Barreto Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Cholinergic Receptor ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor ◽  
Antinociceptive Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Skin Affection ◽  
Synthase Inhibitor

Aristolochia trilobata, popularly known as “mil-homens,” is widely used for treatment of stomach aches, colic, asthma, pulmonary diseases, diabetes, and skin affection. We evaluated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the essential oil (EO) and the main constituent, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-yl acetate (sulcatyl acetate, SA). EO and SA (1, 10, and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) were evaluated using chemical (formalin-induced licking) and thermal (hot-plate) models of nociception or inflammation (carrageenan-induced cell migration into the subcutaneous air pouch, SAP). The mechanism of antinociceptive activity was evaluated using opioid, cholinergic receptor antagonists (naloxone and atropine), or nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (L-NAME). EO and SA presented a central antinociceptive effect (the hot-plate model). In formalin-induced licking response, higher doses of EO and SA also reduced 1st and 2nd phases. None of the antagonists and enzyme inhibitor reversed antinociceptive effects. EO and SA reduced the leukocyte migration into the SAP, and the cytokines tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 (TNF-α and IL-1β, respectively) produced in the exudate. Our results are indicative that EO and SA present peripheral and central antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects.

scholarly journals Comparison of antinociceptive effect of the antiepileptic drug gabapentin to that of various dosage combinations of gabapentin with lamotrigine and topiramate in mice and rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 130-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keshab Raj Paudel ◽  
SK Bhattacharya ◽  
GP Rauniar ◽  
BP Das
Keyword(s):  
Pain Perception ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Experimental Pain ◽  
Mechanical Hyperalgesia ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Pain Models ◽  
Antinociceptive Effects

ABSTRACT Introduction: Newer anticonvulsants have a neuromodulatory effect on pain perception mechanisms in a hyperexcitable and damaged nervous system. Aim: This study was designed to study the analgesic effects of gabapentin alone and in combination with lamotrigine and topiramate in experimental pain models. Materials and Methods: Adult albino mice (n = 490) weighing 20–30 g and rats (n = 130) weighing 100–200 g were injected intraperitoneally with gabapentin, lamotrigine, and topiramate alone and in different dose combinations. The hot-plate method, tail-flick method, capsaicin-induced mechanical hyperalgesia, and formalin assay were used to assess the antinociceptive effects. Results: Of the three antiepileptic drugs, when given separately, gabapentin was more efficacious than either topiramate or lamotrigine in all the pain models. Combination of 25 mg/kg gabapentin with 25 mg/kg topiramate was more efficacious (P <.05) than 50 mg/kg gabapentin alone in the capsaicin-induced mechanical hyperalgesia test. Similarly, 50 mg/kg gabapentin with 50 mg/kg topiramate or 5 mg/kg lamotrigine was more efficacious (P <.05) than 50 or 100 mg/kg gabapentin alone in late-phase formalin-induced behaviors. Conclusions: Combination of gabapentin with either lamotrigine or topiramate produced better results than gabapentin alone in capsaicin-induced mechanical hyperalgesia test and in late-phase formalin-induced behaviors.

Antinociceptive Effect of Clomipramine Through Interaction with Serotonin 5-Нт2 And 5-Нт3 Receptor Subtypes

Folia Medica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilia D. Kostadinov ◽  
Delian P. Delev ◽  
Ivanka I. Kostadinova
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Hot Plate Test ◽  
Plate Test ◽  
Acid Test

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Tricyclic antidepressants are used in the treatment of various pain syndromes. The antidepressant clomipramine inhibits predominantly the reuptake of serotonin in the central nervous system. The mechanism of its analgesic effect is not fully understood. The AIM of the present study was to find experimentally any dose-effect dependence in the analgesic effect of clomipramine and the involvement of the 5-НТ2 and 5-НТ3 receptors in the mechanism of this effect. Material and methods: Fifty male Wistar rats were used in the study allocated to five groups (10 animals each): a saline treated control group, one positive control group treated with metamizole and three experimental groups treated with intraperitoneally administered clomipramine in doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg bw, respectively. To study the role of 5-НТ2 and 5-НТ3 receptors in this effect we used another five groups (10 animals each): control, positive control and three experimental groups treated with clomipramine only, clomipramine and granisetrone and clomipramine and cyproheptadine, respectively. Three nociceptive tests were used: the hot plate test, analgesimeter and the acetic acid-induced writhing test. To gauge the antinociceptive action we used the increased latency in the hot plate test expressed as maximum possible effect % (%MPE), the increase in paw pressure to withdraw the hind paw in analgesimeter and decrease in the number of spinal cord writhes in the acetic acid test. RESULTS: Clomipramine in a dose of 20 mg/kg bw significantly increased the %MPE in hot plate test and the pressure to withdraw the hind paw in the analgesimeter when compared with the control. In the acetic acid test clomipramine decreased non-significantly the number of writhes compared with the controls. Granisetrone reduced non-significantly the antinociceptive effect of clomipramine in all tests. Cyproheptadine potentiated the analgesic effect of clomipramine in acetic acid test and decreased it significantly in the hot plate test. In analgesimeter cyproheptadine decreased significantly the paw pressure to withdraw the tested hind paw at 1 hour and non-significantly at 2 hours. CONCLUSION: Clomipramine in the dose of 20 mg/kg bw has a pronounced antinociceptive affect towards thermal and mechanical pain stimulation. The 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptor subtypes are very likely involved in the mechanism of this effect.

The mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone enhances morphine antinociception

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-259
Author(s):  
Viljami Jokinen ◽  
Tuomas O. Lilius ◽  
Mikko S. Neuvonen ◽  
Antti J. Väänänen ◽  
Mikko O. Niemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Morphine Tolerance ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Hot Plate Test ◽  
Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist ◽  
P Glycoprotein ◽  
Antinociceptive Effects ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Glycoprotein Inhibition

Abstract Aims Spironolactone, an antimineralocorticoid, has been reported to potentiate the cataleptic effect of morphine in the rat. Since no previous research exists on the matter and the interaction might be clinically significant, the effects of spironolactone on morphine antinociception and pharmacokinetics in the rat were investigated. Methods Male SD rats were used to assess the effects of spironolactone on acute morphine-induced antinociception, development of morphine tolerance, and established morphine tolerance in the tail-flick and hot plate tests. Spironolactone was also administered with loperamide to assess whether spironolactone enhances the brain distribution of the acknowledged P-glycoprotein substrate across the blood-brain barrier. Results Spironolactone had no antinociceptive effects of its own but when co-administrated with morphine the antinociceptive effect of morphine was greatly enhanced. Morphine concentrations in the brain were increased fourfold in the spironolactone co-administrated group. Spironolactone did not inhibit the formation of pro-nociceptive morphine-3-glucuronide, nor did inhibit the development of tolerance. The peripherally restricted opioid, loperamide, had no antinociceptive effects by itself, but co-administration with spironolactone produced a clear change in the hot plate test. Conclusions Although mineralocorticoids have been proposed to take part in pain signaling, in our setting spironolactone did not have antinociceptive properties of its own. The increased antinociceptive effect of morphine is apparently caused by the increased morphine brain concentrations. We suggest this to be due to P-glycoprotein inhibition, as indicated by the loperamide assay. The clinical relevance of P-glycoprotein inhibition by spironolactone should be studied.

scholarly journals Mannitol Enhances the Antinociceptive Effects of Diphenhydramine as an Alternative Local Anesthetic

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jo-Young Son ◽  
Jae-Seong Lim ◽  
Jae-Hyung Park ◽  
Jae-Hyeong Park ◽  
Myeong-Shin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Latency Time ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Hot Plate Test ◽  
Plate Test ◽  
Withdrawal Latency ◽  
Antinociceptive Effects

Mannitol has recently been reported to be effective in enhancing the antinociceptive efficacy of lidocaine. No single study to date, however, has compared diphenhydramine with and without mannitol for nociceptive processing as an alternative local anesthetic. In this study, we examined the antinociceptive efficacy enhancements of diphenhydramine when combined with mannitol. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 230–260 g were used in a hot plate test to evaluate the antinociceptive effects of diphenhydramine. All chemicals were dissolved in isotonic normal saline and administered subcutaneously into the plantar surface of the right hind paw at 10 min before the hot plate test. A subcutaneous injection of 0.5% or 1% diphenhydramine produced significant inhibition of the withdrawal latency time compared with the vehicle treatment. Antinociceptive effects appeared 10 min after the diphenhydramine injections and persisted for over 30 min. The antinociceptive effects of 1% diphenhydramine were not statistically different from those of 1% lidocaine. Although a subcutaneous injection of a 0.5 M mannitol solution alone did not affect the withdrawal latency time, 1% diphenhydramine with 0.5 M mannitol significantly enhanced antinociception. A subcutaneous injection of 1% diphenhydramine with epinephrine (1 : 100,000) solution did not increase the antinociceptive effect of the diphenhydramine. These results suggest that diphenhydramine with mannitol can be used as an alternative local anesthetic.

scholarly journals Antinociceptive Activity ofTrichilia catiguaHydroalcoholic Extract: New Evidence on Its Dopaminergic Effects

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice F. Viana ◽  
Izaque S. Maciel ◽  
Emerson M. Motta ◽  
Paulo C. Leal ◽  
Luiz Pianowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dopaminergic System ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Hot Plate Test ◽  
Antinociceptive Effects ◽  
New Evidence

Trichilia catiguais a native plant of Brazil; its barks are used by some local pharmaceutical companies to prepare tonic drinks, such as Catuama. The present study was addressed to evaluate the effects ofT. catiguahydroalcoholic extract in mouse nociception behavioral models, and to evaluate the possible mechanisms involved in its actions. Male Swiss mice were submitted to hot-plate, writhing and von Frey tests, after oral treatment withT.catiguaextract (200 mg kg−1, p.o.). The extract displayed antinociceptive effect in all three models. For characterization of the mechanisms involved in the antinociceptive action of the extract, the following pharmacological treatments were done: naloxone (2.5 mg kg−1, s.c.), SR141716A (10 mg kg−1, i.p.), SCH23390 (15 μg kg−1, i.p.), sulpiride (50 mg kg−1, i.p.), prazosin (1 mg kg−1, i.p.), bicuculline (1 mg kg−1, i.p.) ordl-p-chlorophenylalanine methyl ester (PCPA, 100 mg kg−1, i.p.). In these experiments, the action ofT. catiguaextract was evaluated in the hot-plate test. The treatment with SCH23390 completely prevented the antinociceptive effect, while naloxone partially prevented it. The possible involvement of the dopaminergic system in the actions ofT. catiguaextract was substantiated by data showing the potentiation of apomorphine-induced hypothermia and by the prevention of haloperidol-induced catalepsy. In conclusion, the antinociceptive effects ofT. catiguaextract seem to be mainly associated with the activation of dopaminergic system and, to a lesser extent, through interaction with opioid pathway.

scholarly journals Antinociceptive effects of intrathecal cimifugin treatment: a preliminary rat study based on formalin test

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-485
Author(s):  
Hyun Young Lee ◽  
Young Joon Ki ◽  
Su Yeong Park ◽  
Soo Yeon Cho ◽  
Jinyoung Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Formalin Test ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Intrathecal Administration ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Antinociceptive Effects ◽  
Saposhnikovia Divaricata ◽  
Rat Study

Background: Cimifugin is one of the components of the root of Saposhnikovia divaricata. The extract derived from S. divaricata is traditionally used as an analgesic. This study was conducted to evaluate the analgesic effect of intrathecal cimifugin in the formalin test.Methods: Male Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 20) were randomized into four groups for intrathecal administration of 70% dimethylsulfoxide and various doses of cimifugin (100 μg, 300 μg, and 1,000 μg). The typical flinch response after the injection of 5% formalin into the hind paw was assessed in two distinct phases: phase 1 until 10 min, and phase 2 from 10 min to 60 min. ED50 values were calculated via linear regression.Results: Intrathecal cimifugin significantly reduced the flinch response in both phases of the formalin test. Significant antinociceptive effects of cimifugin were found with the dose of 300 μg in phase 1 and the dose of 100 μg in phase 2. The ED50 value (95% confidence intervals) of intrathecal cimifugin was 696.1 (360.8–1,342.8) μg during phase 1 and 1,242.8 (42.0–48,292.5) μg during phase 2.Conclusions: Intrathecal cimifugin has an antinociceptive effect against formalin-induced pain. Cimifugin has an anti-inflammatory effect at low concentrations, and non-inflammatory analgesic effect at higher concentrations.

scholarly journals Central Antinociceptive and Mechanism of Action ofPereskia bleoKunth Leaves Crude Extract, Fractions, and Isolated Compounds

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Carvalho Guilhon ◽  
Ikarastika Rahayu Abdul Wahab ◽  
Fabio Boylan ◽  
Patricia Dias Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Antinociceptive Action ◽  
Popular Medicine

Pereskia bleo(Kunth) DC. (Cactaceae) is a plant commonly used in popular medicine in Malaysia. In this work, we evaluate the antinociceptive effect ofP. bleoleaf extracts and isolated compounds in central antinociceptive model. Ethanol extract (E), hexane (H), ethyl acetate (EA), or butanol (B) fractions (30, 50, or 100 mg/kg, p.o.), sitosterol (from hexane) and vitexin (from ethyl acetate), were administered to mice. Antinociceptive effect was evaluated in the hot plate and capsaicin- or glutamate-induced licking models. Morphine (1 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as reference drug. Naloxone (1 mg/kg, i.p.), atropine (1 mg/kg, i.p.), and L-nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 3 mg/kg, i.p.) were administered 30 min earlier (100 mg/kg, p.o.) in order to evaluate the mechanism of the antinociceptive action. Higher dose of B developed an effect significantly superior to morphine-treated group. Naloxone prevented the antinociceptive effect of all fractions. L-NAME demonstrated effect against E, EA, and B. In all fractions, sitosterol and vitexin reduced the licking time after capsaicin injection. Glutamate-induced licking response was blocked by H, EA, and B. Our results indicate thatPereskia bleofractions, sitosterol and vitexin, possessed a central antinociceptive effect. Part of this effect is mediated by opioid receptors and nitrergic pathway.

Antinociceptive and antioxidant activities of Hunteria umbellata stem bark: possible role of the serotonergic, opioidergic and dopaminergic pathways

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Osaze Edosuyi ◽  
Ighodaro Igbe ◽  
Loretta Oghenekome Iniaghe
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Dopaminergic Pathways

AbstractBackground(HU) (K. Schum) is used in ethnomedicine for the management of pain, diabetes mellitus and dysmenorrhoea. This study evaluated the analgesic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of HU stem bark and the possible mechanism(s) of action.MethodsThe antinociceptive effect of HU was evaluated using acetic acid mouse writhing, tail flick, hot plate and formalin-induced paw licking models. To establish the possible mechanism(s) of action of HU, separate group of animals were pretreated with naloxone (1 mg/kg, i.p.), atropine (1 mg/kg, i.p.), haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.), ondansetron (1 mg/kg, i.p.) and phenoxybenzamine (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.), 15 min before HU. TheResultsThe extract at 150 and 300 mg/kg, significantly (pConclusionsResults obtained in this study suggest the involvement of serotonergic, opioidergic and dopaminergic pathways in the analgesic effect of HU stem bark, in addition to its potent antioxidant potential.

scholarly journals N-acetylcysteine dose-dependently improves the analgesic effect of acetaminophen on the rat hot plate test

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samaneh Nakhaee ◽  
Mohammad Dastjerdi ◽  
Hesam Roumi ◽  
Omid Mehrpour ◽  
Khadijeh Farrokhfall
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Drug Formulation ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Concurrent Administration ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Hot Plate Test ◽  
Analgesic Effects

Abstract Background Acetaminophen (APAP) induced hepatotoxicity is a clinically important problem. Up to now, interventive therapy with n-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been considered as a gold-standard treatment for APAP overdose. However, no study has focused on the efficacy of these drugs’ concurrent administration on probable enhancing therapeutic outcomes. Thus, this study was aimed to investigate the analgesic effect of co-administration of NAC and acetaminophen in male rats. The NAC-APAP drug formulation may demonstrate the stranger antinociceptive effect. Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats (12–14 weeks) randomly divided into six equal groups; control, APAP (received 300 mg/kg APAP), NAC (received 600 mg/kg NAC) and APAP+ NAC groups that received simultaneously 300 mg/kg APAP with 200–600 mg/kg NAC (AN200, AN400, AN600). All administrations were done orally for once. The antinociceptive effect was recorded by measurement of latency period on a hot plate in 30, 60, and 90 min after administrations. Results The results showed that NAC’s concurrent administration with APAP, dose-dependently increased APAP analgesic effects (p< 0.0001). Moreover, NAC treatment exhibited an antinociceptive effect in 60 and 90 min, per se. The treatments had no adverse effect on liver enzymes and oxidative stress. Conclusion Co-administration of NAC with APAP can improve the antinociceptive effect of APAP. It is suggested that this compound can enhance analgesic effects of APAP and eventually lead to a reduction in acetaminophen dose. Further studies are needed to evaluate the molecular mechanism of this hyper analgesic effect.

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