scholarly journals Biomarkers of Guillain-Barré Syndrome: Some Recent Progress, More Still to Be Explored

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Shuang Sun ◽  
Jie Zhu ◽  
Li Cui ◽  
Hong-Liang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), the axonal subtype of which is mainly triggered byC. jejuniwith ganglioside-mimicking lipooligosaccharides (LOS), is an immune-mediated disorder in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) accompanied by the disruption of the blood-nerve barrier (BNB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (B-CSF-B). Biomarkers of GBS have been extensively explored and some of them are proved to assist in the clinical diagnosis and in monitoring disease progression as well as in assessing the efficacy of immunotherapy. Herein, we systemically review the literature on biomarkers of GBS, including infection-/immune-/BNB, B-CSF-B, and PNS damage-associated biomarkers, aiming at providing an overview of GBS biomarkers and guiding further investigations. Furthermore, we point out further directions for studies on GBS biomarkers.

scholarly journals Exertional Syncope as a presenting feature in Guillain-Barré syndrome

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-233
Author(s):  
Tamer Shalaby ◽  
◽  
Constantinos Papoutsos ◽  
Louise Tiemens ◽  
Iain Crossingham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Failure ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction ◽  
Motor Weakness ◽  
Demyelinating Disorder ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute demyelinating disorder of the peripheral nervous system that results in motor weakness, absent reflexes and autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Autonomic failure is reported in approximately 65 % of patientswith GBS and usually follows extensive motor involvement. In this case our patient presented with syncope and other signs of autonomic failure before the motor weakness developed. Few cases in the literature have reported features of autonomic failure before established weakness in GBS; to our knowledge, syncope has not been described previously as a presenting feature of GBS.

Jules Dejerine and the peripheral nervous system

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Mathis ◽  
Jean-Michel Vallat
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Neuromuscular Disorders ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Hereditary Neuropathy ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Neuropathies ◽  
Guillain Barré ◽  
Considerable Body

Jules Dejerine (1849–1917) was a French neurologist who contributed to the description of numerous neurologic conditions ranging from neurovascular pathology to neuromuscular disorders. A considerable body of his research was devoted to the peripheral nervous system. In this area, the eponymous Dejerine-Sottas syndrome refers to a form of infantile hereditary neuropathy. Dejerine also contributed to the description of many other disorders of the peripheral nervous system and was even a precursor in the study of acquired neuropathies (as well as acute inflammatory neuropathies, before the first description of the Guillain-Barré syndrome) and in the field of radicular pathology. In this centennial year of his death, we emphasize the variety and originality of Dejerine’s opus on diseases of the peripheral nervous system.

scholarly journals Guillain-Barré syndrome in a child: a clinical case

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-289
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Ryabchenko ◽  
E. V. Grankin
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Complete Regression ◽  
Gradual Improvement ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré

Guillain-Barré syndrome is an orphan autoimmune disease associated with the involvement of the peripheral nervous system. The clinical course of the syndrome has four main types. We present a clinical case of Guillain-Barré syndrome in a 6-year old child. Against the background of a previous infection, he developed oculomotor dysfunction, peripheral tetraparesis, sensory abnormalities with subsequent severe weakness of the respiratory muscles. The differential diagnosis included inflammatory, infectious and neoplastic spinal cord disorders, spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging, and examination of the cerebrospinal fluid. The patient's electromyographic data confirmed peripheral nerve damage. Based on all of these, the patient was diagnosed with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Specific treatment, including plasmapheresis and intravenous human immunoglobulin G at a dose of 0.4 mg daily for 5 days, and symptomatic treatment resulted in gradual improvement and complete regression of the neurological symptoms completely resolved. Since Guillain-Barré syndrome is a rare disease of the peripheral nervous system, the awareness of the specifics of its clinical course allows for earlier correct diagnosis and effective treatment.

scholarly journals Guillain–Barré Syndrome as a Neurological Complication of COVID-19 Infection: A Case Series and Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-161
Author(s):  
Hossein Mozhdehipanah ◽  
Sepideh Paybast ◽  
Reza Gorji
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Complication ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic. Although the main clinical manifestations of the COVID-19 infection have confined to the respiratory system, there is some evidence suggesting the neuro-invasive potential of the COVID-19. There are limited reports of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) as a peripheral nervous system complication of COVID-19 infection. We described four patients with COVID-19 infection who developed acute polyneuropathy with a final diagnosis of Guillain–Barré syndrome. COVID-19 may have the potential to invade the peripheral nervous system. GBS, as one of the critical neurological complications of COVID-19, could be considered as a post-infectious event.

Guillain–Barre Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (05) ◽  
pp. 589-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elia Malek ◽  
Johnny Salameh
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Immune Attack ◽  
Guillain Barré

AbstractGuillain–Barre syndrome (GBS) is the leading cause of acute paralysis that can potentially affect all of the human population. GBS is believed to be an immune-mediated disease, possibly triggered by a recent infection, and driven by an immune attack targeting the peripheral nervous system. GBS can be divided into several subtypes depending on the phenotype, pathophysiology, and neurophysiological features. Unfortunately, morbidity and mortality rates are still high despite the current understanding of the pathophysiology and available treatment options. Additional research is still needed to shed more light into the pathogenesis for a better understanding and treatment of this condition.

scholarly journals Difficulties of differential diagnostics of Guillain–Barré syndrome in children. The discussion of two clinical cases

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
A. S. Kotov ◽  
E. V. Mukhina ◽  
A. V. Shatalin ◽  
M. V. Panteleeva ◽  
M. S. Bunak
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Acute Flaccid Paralysis ◽  
Flaccid Paralysis ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Differential Diagnostics ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré ◽  
Clinical Cases

Guillain–Barré syndrome – an acute demyelinating autoimmune disease characterized by lesions of the peripheral nervous system and consequently peripheral paralysis, paresthesias and/or pain. Guillain–Barré syndrome is a predominant cause of acute flaccid paralysis, which may occur at any age. We present two clinical cases of flaccid paralysis with patients at the age of 7 and 5 years requiring verification of the diagnosis.

Association of Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio With Intravenous Immunoglobulin Treatment in Children With Guillain-Barré Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezgi Altuntas Hüner ◽  
Alper I. Dai ◽  
Abdullah T. Demiryürek
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Intravenous Immunoglobulin ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Immunoglobulin Treatment ◽  
Guillain Barré

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute immune-mediated inflammatory polyneuropathy of the peripheral nervous system. The authors aimed to investigate whether the neutrophil/lymphocyte (N/L) and platelet/lymphocyte (P/L) ratios are the parameters that associated with the drug treatment or severity of GBS. Twenty-seven children with GBS were retrospectively analyzed from the medical records of patients who attended to the Pediatric Neurology Department of the Gaziantep University Hospital. Biochemical and hematologic parameters were measured. Leukocytes, neutrophils counts and N/L ratio were significantly higher before the intravenous immunoglobulin treatment ( P < .001). However, there were no marked differences in platelet count and P/L ratio. In addition, marked correlation was observed between the N/L ratio after treatment and duration of weakness. The results of the study showed that N/L ratio is significantly higher in GBS patients, and reduces following with intravenous immunoglobulin treatment.

scholarly journals The importance of thinking about Guillain-Barré syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case with pure dysautonomic presentation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Biassoni ◽  
Andrea Assini ◽  
Ilaria Gandoglia ◽  
Luana Benedetti ◽  
Silvia Boni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Electrophysiological Study ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
System Disease ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Inflammatory Mechanism ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré

AbstractGuillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a peripheral nervous system disease caused by an immune-mediated inflammatory mechanism, usually triggered by a previous infectious process or vaccine; its typical presentation is a rapid and progressive bilateral limb hyposthenia, associated with sensory deficits and reduction or absence of osteotendinous reflexes. However, also autonomic nervous system can be involved with heart rate fluctuations, blood pressure instability, pupillary dysfunction, and urinary retention. Since the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic, GBS has been reported among neurological complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection, although etiopathological mechanisms still have to be clearly defined. We report the case of a 79-year-old man with multiple comorbidities, including diabetes, who was affected by SARS-CoV-2 interstitial pneumonia and developed dysautonomic symptoms after 10 days of hospitalization. A neurological evaluation was performed, and GBS was considered as a possible cause of the clinical manifestations. This hypothesis was confirmed by electrophysiological study and further supported, ex-juvantibus, by the satisfactory response to immunoglobulin treatment. In our opinion, this case of pure dysautonomic presentation of GBS in a SARS-CoV-2 positive patient is relevant because it suggests to consider GBS upon SARS-CoV-2 infection even if the symptoms have uncommon characteristics (e.g., pure vegetative manifestations) and if there are confounding factors which could lead to a misdiagnosis (e.g., old age, SARS-CoV-2 infection consequences and diabetes).

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