scholarly journals Oyster andPyramidellaShells as Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Microwave-Assisted Biodiesel Production fromJatropha curcasOil

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achanai Buasri ◽  
Tidarat Rattanapan ◽  
Chalida Boonrin ◽  
Chosita Wechayan ◽  
Vorrada Loryuenyong
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Xrf Scanning ◽  
Waste Shell

Microwave-assisted biodiesel production via transesterification ofJatropha curcasoil with methanol using solid oxide catalyst derived from waste shells of oyster andPyramidellawas studied. The shells were calcined at 900°C for 2 h and calcium oxide (CaO) catalyst characterizations were carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area measurements. The effects of reaction variables such as reaction time, microwave power, methanol/oil molar ratio, and catalyst loading on the yield of biodiesel were investigated. Reusability of waste shell catalyst was also examined. The results indicated that the economic and environmentally friendly catalysts derived from oyster andPyramidellashells showed good reusability and had high potential to be used as biodiesel production catalysts under microwave-assisted transesterification ofJatropha curcasoil with methanol.

scholarly journals Calcium Oxide Derived from Waste Shells of Mussel, Cockle, and Scallop as the Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achanai Buasri ◽  
Nattawut Chaiyut ◽  
Vorrada Loryuenyong ◽  
Phatsakon Worawanitchaphong ◽  
Sarinthip Trongyong
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bet Method ◽  
Xrf Scanning ◽  
Waste Shell ◽  
Calcination Method

The waste shell was utilized as a bioresource of calcium oxide (CaO) in catalyzing a transesterification to produce biodiesel (methyl ester). The economic and environmen-friendly catalysts were prepared by a calcination method at 700–1,000°C for 4 h. The heterogeneous catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The effects of reaction variables such as reaction time, reaction temperature, methanol/oil molar ratio, and catalyst loading on the yield of biodiesel were investigated. Reusability of waste shell catalyst was also examined. The results indicated that the CaO catalysts derived from waste shell showed good reusability and had high potential to be used as biodiesel production catalysts in transesterification of palm oil with methanol.

scholarly journals Tin Oxide Doped on Activated Dolomites as Efficient Catalyst for Biodiesel Production

2012 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 378-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.A. Shajaratun Nur ◽  
Y.H. Taufiq-Yap ◽  
M.Z. Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Efficient Catalyst ◽  
Wet Impregnation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrf Scanning ◽  
Area X ◽  
Wet Impregnation Method

Activated dolomite (AD), was investigated as a promising heterogeneous catalyst for the production of biodiesel. SnO2doped on activated dolomites catalyst (DSN) was synthesized through wet impregnation method and calcined at 500 °C for 3 h in air. The catalyst was then applied on biodiesel production via transesterification of palm cooking oil with methanol for required conditions (various time, oil to methanol ratio and amount of catalyst). X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface area, X-ray Fluoresence (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Temperature Program Desorption (TPD) analysis were used to characterize the properties of the catalysts. Results showed that conversion of biodiesel by using DSN was higher (99.9 %) with lower optimum conditions i.e. 1:15 methanol to oil molar ratio, 1 wt. % of catalyst amount and reaction time of 6 h at 65 °C compared to AD (98.34 %) under higher conditions.

Calcium Methoxide Synthesis from Quick Lime Using as Solid Catalyst in Refined Palm Oil Biodiesel Production

2013 ◽  
Vol 834-836 ◽  
pp. 550-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warakom Suwanthai ◽  
Vittaya Punsuvon ◽  
Pilanee Vaithanomsat
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Quick Lime ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Refined Palm Oil

In this research, calcium methoxide was synthesized as solid base catalyst from quick lime for biodiesel production. The catalyst was further characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflection fourier transform (ATR-FTIR) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopies (EDX) to evaluate its performance. The transesterification of refined palm oil using calcium methoxide and the process parameters affecting the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content such as catalyst concentration, methanol:oil molar ratio and reaction time were investigated. The results showed that the FAME content at 97% was achieved within 3 h using 3 %wt catalyst loading, 12:1 methanol:oil molar ratio and 65 °C reaction temperature. The result of FAME suggested calcium methoxide was the promising solid catalyst for substitution of the conventional liquid catalyst.

Natural Hydroxyapatite (NHAp) Derived from Pork Bone as a Renewable Catalyst for Biodiesel Production via Microwave Irradiation

2015 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 216-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achanai Buasri ◽  
Thaweethong Inkaew ◽  
Laorrut Kodephun ◽  
Wipada Yenying ◽  
Vorrada Loryuenyong
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Animal Bone ◽  
Natural Hydroxyapatite

The use of waste materials for producing biodiesel via transesterification has been of recent interest. In this study, the pork bone was used as the raw materials for natural hydroxyapatite (NHAp) catalyst. The calcination of animal bone was conducted at 900 °C for 2 h. The raw material and the resulting heterogeneous catalyst were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The effects of reaction time, microwave power, methanol/oil molar ratio, catalyst loading and reusability of catalyst were systematically investigated. The optimum conditions, which yielded a conversion of oil of nearly 94%, were reaction time 5 min and microwave power 800 W. The results indicated that the NHAp catalysts derived from pork bone showed good reusability and had high potential to be used as biodiesel production catalysts under microwave-assisted transesterification of Jatropha Curcas oil with methanol.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Sodium Silicate Produced from Corncobs as a Heterogeneous Catalyst in Biodiesel Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Alwi Gery Agustan Siregar ◽  
Renita Manurung ◽  
Taslim Taslim
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis

In this study, silica derived from corncobs impregnated with sodium hydroxide to obtain sodium silicate was calcined, prepared, and employed as a solid base catalyst for the conversion of oils to biodiesel. The catalyst was characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) methods. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to characterize the biodiesel products. The optimum catalyst conditions were calcination temperature of 400 °C for 2 h, catalyst loading of 2%, and methanol: oil molar ratio of 12:1 at 60 °C for 60 min, that resulted in a yield of 79.49%. The final product conforms to the selected biodiesel fuel properties of European standard (EN14214) specifications. Calcined corncob-derived sodium silicate showed high potential for use as a low-cost, high-performance, simple-to-prepare solid catalyst for biodiesel synthesis.

scholarly journals Production of Triacetin by Microwave Assisted Esterification of Glycerol Using Activated Natural Zeolite

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwan Marwan ◽  
Eti Indarti ◽  
Darmadi Darmadi ◽  
Wahyu Rinaldi ◽  
Dzikri Hamzah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Sem Micrograph ◽  
The Fourier Transform

Triacetin, an alternative biodiesel additive, was prepared by esterification of glycerol with acetic acid in the presence of chemically activated natural zeolite. The esterification was carried out in a small reaction flask under microwave irradiation. The catalyst was characterized for its morphology by SEM and its chemical composition by X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrograph indicates improved surface area of the zeolite, while the XRD analysis shows an increase in Si/Al ratio from natural zeolite to 6.042 and its crystallinity value of 12.23%. The Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) analysis obtained showed that microwave-heated samples have an esters group spectrum of triacetin at 1702 cm-1. The conversion value of glycerol was more than 95% at molar ratio of the reactants 1:9 and catalyst loading of 3%. The selectivities for monoacetin, diacetin and triacetin were 80.1%, 15.4%, and 4.5% at 60 minutes, and 43.0%, 48.6%, and 8.3% at 90 minutes. It shows that the conversion took place in consecutive steps and the use of microwave allows the reaction proceeding at milder condition. Copyright © 2019 BCREC Group. All rights reserved 

Utilization of Waste Enamel Venus Shell as Friendly Environmental Catalyst for Synthesis of Biodiesel

2015 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 237-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achanai Buasri ◽  
Teera Sriboonraung ◽  
Kittika Ruangnam ◽  
Pattarapon Imsombati ◽  
Vorrada Loryuenyong
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Environmental Catalyst ◽  
Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Alkali Catalysts

Calcium oxide (CaO) is one of the most promising heterogeneous alkali catalysts since it is cheap, abundantly available in nature, and some of the sources of this compound are renewable (waste material consisting of calcium carbonate (CaCO3)). In this study, the waste enamel venus shell was used as the raw material for CaO catalyst. The calcination of bio-waste was conducted at 900 °C for 2 h. The raw material and the resulting CaO catalyst were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The effects of reaction variables such as reaction time, microwave power, methanol/oil molar ratio, and catalyst loading on the yield of biodiesel were investigated by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). From the experimental results, it was found that the CaO catalysts derived from waste material showed good catalytic activity (the conversion of oil of nearly 93%, a very similar catalytic activity with laboratory CaO) and had high potential to be used as biodiesel production catalysts in transesterification of Jatropha Curcas oil with methanol.

scholarly journals Effect of Surface Modifications of SBA-15 with Aminosilanes and 12-Tungstophosphoric Acid on Catalytic Properties in Environmentally Friendly Esterification of Glycerol with Oleic Acid to Produce Monoolein

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kullatida Ratchadapiban ◽  
Piyasan Praserthdam ◽  
Duangamol Tungasmita ◽  
Chutima Tangku ◽  
Wipark Anutrasakda
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Hexagonal Structure ◽  
Tungstophosphoric Acid ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
X Ray

A series of protonated amino-functionalized SBA-15 materials was synthesized and tested as heterogeneous catalysts for the esterification of glycerol with oleic acid to produce monoolein. Mesoporous SBA-15 (S) was functionalized with three different aminosilanes: 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (N1); [3-(2-amino-ethylamino)propyltrimethoxysilane] (N2); and (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) diethylenetriamine (N3), before being impregnated with 40 wt % 12-tungstophosphoric acid (HPW). The resulting nanocatalysts (S-Nx-HPW) were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), N2 adsorption-desorption, SEM equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and elemental analysis techniques. The presence of components of the nanocatalysts and the preservation of the hexagonal structure of SBA-15 were confirmed. Using different functionalizing agents considerably affected the textural properties and acidity of the synthesized nanocatalysts, which helped to improve the catalytic performance. In particular, S-N2-HPW was more active and selective than other catalysts in this study, as well as than a number of other commercial acid catalysts, with 95.0% oleic acid conversion and 60.9% monoolein selectivity being obtained after five h of reaction at 160 °C using 2.5 wt % of catalyst loading and glycerol/oleic acid molar ratio of 4:1. Aminosilane functionalization also helped to increase the reusability of the catalysts to at least six cycles without considerable loss of activity through strong electrostatic interactions between HPW anions and the protonated amino-functionalized SBA-15 materials.

Transesterification of Pongamia pinnata Oil into Biodiesel Using Quick Lime Based Calcium Methoxide as Catalyst

2014 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 324-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasikarn Panpraneecharoen ◽  
Vittaya Punsuvon
Keyword(s):  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Pongamia Pinnata ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Quick Lime ◽  
X Ray

The calcium methoxide was synthesized as catalyst from quick lime for biodiesel production of Pongamia pinnata (P. pinnata) oil. The catalyst was further characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflection fourier transform (ATR-FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopies (EDX) and BET surface area analysis to evaluate its performance. The parameters affecting the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content such as catalyst concentration, methanol to oil molar ratio and reaction time were investigated. Under optimized reaction condition, the FAME yield at 93.94 % was achieved within 3 h using 3 % wt catalyst concentration, 15:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, 65 °C reaction temperature and 750 rpm stirring rate. The result of FAME suggested that calcium methoxide catalyst has promising viability in transesterification for biodiesel production.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Magnetic Base Catalyst from Industrial Waste for Transesterification of Palm Oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
Shamala Gowri Krishnan ◽  
Fei-Ling Pua ◽  
Hong-Hua Lim
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Industrial waste is produced in large amounts annually; without proper planning, the waste might cause a serious threat to the environment. Hence, an industrial waste-based heterogeneous magnetic catalyst was synthesized using carbide lime waste (CLW) as raw material for biodiesel production via transesterification of palm oil. The catalyst was successfully synthesized by the one-step impregnation method and calcination at 600 °C. The synthesized catalyst, C-CLW/g-Fe2O3, was characterized by temperature-programmed desorption of carbon dioxide (CO2-TPD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The catalyst has a specific surface area of 18.54 m2/g and high basicity of 3,637.20 µmol/g. The catalytic performance shows that the optimum reaction conditions are 6 wt% catalyst loading, 12:1 methanol to oil molar ratio with the reaction time of 3 h at 60 °C to produce 90.5% biodiesel yield. The catalyst exhibits good catalytic activity and magnetism, indicating that the CLW can be a potential raw material for catalyst preparation and application in the biodiesel industry. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 

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