Torque Analysis of a Triple Acid-Etched Titanium Implant Surface

The present study aimed to evaluate the removal torque of titanium implants treated with triple acid etching. Twenty-one rats were used in this study. For all animals, the tibia was prepared with a 2 mm drill, and a titanium implant (2 × 4 mm) was inserted after treatment using the subtraction method of triple acid etching. The flaps were sutured. Seven animals were killed 14, 28, and 63 days after implant installation, and the load necessary for removing the implant from the bone was evaluated by using a torque meter. The torque values were as follows: 3.3 ± 1.7 Ncm (14 days), 2.2 ± 1.3 Ncm (28 days), and 6.7 ± 1.4 Ncm (63 days). The torque value at the final healing period (63 days) was statistically significantly different from that at other time points tested (ANOVA,p=0.0002). This preliminary study revealed that treatment with triple acid etching can create a promising and efficient surface for the process of osseointegration.

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Removal Torque Analysis of Implants in Rabbit Tibia After Topical Application of Simvastatin Gel

Journal of Oral Implantology ◽

10.1563/aaid-joi-d-11-00128 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 53-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Fatima Neves Faraco-Schwed ◽

Luiz Macedo Mangueira ◽

Joao Vitor Albuquerque Ribeiro ◽

Alexsandro Da Silva Antao ◽

Jamil Awad Shibli

Keyword(s):

Topical Application ◽

Topical Administration ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

Removal Torque ◽

Implant Placement ◽

Group I ◽

Torque Wrench ◽

Rabbit Tibia ◽

Torque Analysis ◽

Torque Values

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of topical application of simvastatin gel (7.5 mg) on the removal torque of titanium implants in the rabbit tibia. A total of 32 surgeries were performed on 16 New Zealand rabbits for the placement of 2 implants in 1 tibia of each rabbit. Only 1 of the surgical defects was injected with 30 mg/mL of simvastatin gel before implant placement. The initial torque was set at 20 N.cm, and removal torque testing was performed 28 and 56 days postoperatively with a Tonishi torque wrench. Surgical defects were divided into 4 groups: group IG-28 (test, 28 days), group IG-56 (test, 56 days), group I-28 (control, 28 days), and group I-56 (control, 56 days). Removal torque values were higher in group IG-56 than in groups IG-28, I-28, and I-56 (P < .05). Groups IG-28, I-28, and I-56 showed similar values (P > .05). Removal torque force increased under the influence of simvastatin, indicating that topical administration of a 7.5-mg dose of simvastatin gel is effective in improving the torque force required to remove implants inserted in the rabbit tibia.

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Does surface anodisation of titanium implants change osseointegration and make their extraction from bone any easier?

Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1617362 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 21 (03) ◽

pp. 202-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. Langhoff ◽

J. Mayer ◽

L. Faber ◽

S. Kaestner ◽

G. Guibert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Titanium Implant ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Bone Implant ◽

High Bone ◽

Titanium Surfaces ◽

Anodized Titanium ◽

Titanium Implant Surface

Summary Objectives: Titanium implants have a tendency for high bone-implant bonding, and, in comparison to stainless steel implants are more difficult to remove. The current study was carried out to evaluate, i) the release strength of three selected anodized titanium surfaces with increased nanohardness and low roughness, and ii) bone-implant bonding in vivo. These modified surfaces were intended to give improved anchorage while facilitating easier removal of temporary implants. Material and methods: The new surfaces were referenced to a stainless steel implant and a standard titanium implant surface (TiMAX™). In a sheep limb model, healing period was 3 months. Bone-implant bonding was evaluated either biomechanically or histologically. Results: The new surface anodized screws demonstrated similar or slightly higher bone-implantcontact (BIC) and torque release forces than the titanium reference. The BIC of the stainless steel implants was significant lower than two of the anodized surfaces (p=0.04), but differences between stainless steel and all titanium implants in torque release forces were not significant (p=0.06). Conclusion: The new anodized titanium surfaces showed good bone-implant bonding despite a smooth surface and increased nanohardness. However, they failed to facilitate implant removal at 3 months.

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Effect of Cyclic Precalcification of Nanotubular TiO2Layer on the Bioactivity of Titanium Implant

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/293627 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Il Song Park ◽

Eun Jin Yang ◽

Tae Sung Bae

Keyword(s):

Titanium Implant ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

Effective Surface ◽

Removal Torque ◽

Self Organized ◽

Bioactive Properties ◽

Activation Level ◽

Anodized Titanium ◽

Torque Values

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of cyclic precalcification treatment to impart bioactive properties for titanium implants. Before precalcification, the titanium implants were subjected to blasting using hydroxyapatite (HAp), a resorbable blasting medium (RBM treated), and anodized using an electrolyte containing glycerol, H2O, and NH4F. Precalcification treatment was performed by two different methods, namely, continuous immersion treatment (CIT) and alternate immersion treatment (AIT). In CIT, the RBM treated and anodized titanium implants were immersed in 0.05 M NaH2PO4solution at 80°C and saturated Ca(OH)2solution at 100°C for 20 min, whereas during AIT, they were immersed alternatively in both solutions for 1 min for 20 cycles. Anodizing of the titanium implants enables the formation of self-organized TiO2nanotubes. Cyclic precalcification treatment imparts a better bioactive property and enables an increase in activation level of the titanium implants. The removal torque values of the RBM treated, CIT treated, and AIT treated titanium implants are10.8±3.7 Ncm,17.5±3.5 Ncm, and28.1±2.4 Ncm, respectively. The findings of the study indicate the cyclic precalcification in an effective surface treatment method that would help accelerate osseointegration and impart bioactive property of titanium implants.

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Enhancement of Osseointegration by Generating a Dynamic Implant Surface

Journal of Oral Implantology ◽

10.1563/736.1 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 72-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Eduardo A. Anitua

Keyword(s):

Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Titanium Implant ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

Environmental Scanning ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Autologous Plasma ◽

Bone Implant ◽

Rich Material ◽

Protein Rich ◽

Titanium Implant Surface

Abstract Preparations of autologous plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) are used to promote healing and tissue regeneration. We seek to determine whether covering the titanium implant surface with this preparation could enhance osseointegration. The interaction of PRGF with the surface of titanium implants was examined by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). A total of 23 implants were placed in the tibiae and radii of 3 goats; 13 implants were inserted after covering the surface and filling the alveolus with PRGF, and 10 more implants were inserted following a conventional protocol and served as controls. Histomorphometric analysis of the bone-implant interface was performed after 8 weeks. Finally, 1391 implants were placed in 295 patients after bioactivating the surface with PRGF. Stability and implant survival were evaluated. The implant surface adsorbed the protein-rich material as shown by ESEM. In the animal study, osseointegration was enhanced when the surface was covered with PRGF as shown by histomorphometry (bone-implant contact: 51.28% ± 4.7% vs 21.89% ± 7.36%; P < .01). Finally, studies in patients showed that 99.6% of the implants treated with PRGF were well osseointegrated. Clinical use of this technique in oral implantology can improve the prognosis.

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The effect of strontium-loaded rough titanium surface on early osseointegration

Journal of Biomaterials Applications ◽

10.1177/0885328217735953 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 561-569 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jiang Huanhuan ◽

Hao Pengjie ◽

Xu Sheng ◽

Wang Binchen ◽

Shu Li

Keyword(s):

Magnetron Sputtering ◽

Titanium Implant ◽

Surface Characteristics ◽

Atomic Ratio ◽

Area Ratio ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

Bone Area ◽

Bone Apposition ◽

Removal Torque ◽

Torque Values

It is not clear whether surface bioactive chemistry plays an important role in the early osseointegration of micro-structured titanium implants that have the same surface topography at the micrometer and submicrometer scales. In this study, magnetron sputtering methodology was employed for the preparation of Sr coating on sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) titanium implant without changing the surface characteristics. The study of the surface morphology of the coating was carried out with the use of scanning electron microscopy, and the chemical composition of the surface was examined by X-ray energy-dispersive spectrometry. Twenty SLA implants together with 20 Sr-SLA implants were randomly inserted into the proximal tibia of 20 rats. The early osseointegration of the Sr-SLA implant was compared with SLA implant by removal torque test and histological analysis following two and eight weeks of implantation, correspondingly. As revealed by the surface characteristics, both Sr-SLA and SLA surfaces exhibited similar typical isotropic irregular indentations. The strontium ions were effectively incorporated into the SLA surface (the atomic ratio is 2%). Following two and eight weeks of healing, significant increases in removal torque values ( p < 0.05) were taken into observation in respect of Sr-SLA implant. Histologically, the Sr-SLA implants displayed significantly higher bone-to-implant contact percentages and bone area ratio in comparison with the SLA implant at eight weeks ( p < 0.05). At two weeks, the bone-implant contact percentages, together with bone area ratio of Sr-SLA surface appeared to be a little bit slightly greater than that of SLA surface. But the statistical difference was not significant. These results indicated that the chemical modification with Sr incorporated by magnetron sputtering treatment in moderately rough surfaced implants remarkably increases early bone apposition.

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Alkali-Modified Titanium Surface Stimulating Formation of Bone-Implant Interface

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.361-363.749 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 361-363 ◽

pp. 749-752

Author(s):

J. Strnad ◽

Jan Macháček ◽

Z. Strnad ◽

C. Povýšil ◽

Marie Strnadová

Keyword(s):

Titanium Implant ◽

Surface Characteristics ◽

Healing Time ◽

Machined Surface ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Bone Implant ◽

Bone Response ◽

Modified Surface ◽

The Difference ◽

Titanium Implant Surface

This study was carried out to assess the bone response to alkali-modified titanium implant surface (Bio surface), using histomorphometric investigation on an animal model. The mean net contribution of the Bio surface to the increase in bone implant contact (BIC) with reference to the turned, machined surface was evaluated at 7.94 % (BIC/week), within the first five weeks of healing. The contribution was expressed as the difference in the osseointegration rates ( BIC/'healing time) between the implants with alkali modified surface (Bio surface) and those with turned, machined surface. The surface characteristics that differed between the implant surfaces, i.e. surface morphology, specific surface area, contact angle, hydroxylation/hydration, may represent factors that influence the rate of osseointegration.

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