scholarly journals MAC Protocol for Quality-Aware Real-Time Voice Delivery in Cognitive Radio-Enabled WSNs

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bosung Kim ◽  
Gyu-min Lee ◽  
Byeong-hee Roh
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Packet Delay ◽  
Media Access Control ◽  
Secondary Users ◽  
Delay Bound ◽  
Level Performance

We propose a quality-aware media access control (MAC) protocol for real-time voice delivery in cognitive radio- (CR-) enabled wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The temporal structure of the system model is addressed by using periodic timeslots in order to make more efficient use of the spectrum. In our proposed temporal structure, a bandwidth broker in such centralized CR networks (CCRNs) is selected as a central counterpart to synchronize with secondary users (SUs) and assign spectral resources to them. We develop an analytical model for SUs for the Call Admission Control (CAC) of voice traffic using the quality of service (QoS) requirements of delay bound and delay bound violation probability. Ours is an approach that provides reliable data transmission and reduces packet delay and packet delay jitter. In addition to the aforementioned packet-level performance metrics, we calculated a call-level performance metric, that is, the number of acceptable SUs, satisfying QoS requirements.

scholarly journals Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Based on HML and Vector Quantization for Cognitive Radio Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.20) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Shweta Alpna ◽  
Amrit Mukherjee ◽  
Amlan Datta
Keyword(s):  
Communication Network ◽  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Vector Quantization ◽  
Cooperative Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Radio Networks ◽  
Secondary Users ◽  
The Real ◽  
Novel Technique

The proposed work illustrates a novel technique for cooperative spectrum sensing in a cognitive radio (CR) network. The work includes an approach of identifying secondary users (SUs) based on Hierarchical Maximum Likelihood (HML) technique followed by Vector Quantization. Initially, the arrangement of the SUs are been observed using HML with respect to a spatial domain and then the active SUs among them are identified using VQ. The approach will not only save the energy, but the decision of the real-time and dynamic cooperative communication network becomes more accurate as we can predict the behavior of SUs movement and spectrum sensing by each individual SU at that particular  place. The results and simulations of the real-time experiment justifies with the proposed approach. 

scholarly journals Cognitive radio for improved reliability in a real-time wireless MAC protocol based on TDMA

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Gutierrez Peon ◽  
Pedro Manuel Rodriguez ◽  
Zaloa Fernandez ◽  
Francisco Pozo ◽  
Elisabeth Uhlemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Wireless Mac

scholarly journals On the Retrial-Queuing Model for Strategic Access and Equilibrium-Joining Strategies of Cognitive Users in Cognitive-Radio Networks with Energy Harvesting

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2088
Author(s):  
Kalpana Devarajan ◽  
Muthukrishnan Senthilkumar
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Stackelberg Game ◽  
Retrial Queue ◽  
Primary User ◽  
Secondary User ◽  
Single Server ◽  
Queuing Model ◽  
Secondary Users

This article studies the strategic access of single-server retrial queue with two types of customers, where priority is given according to their category. On the basis of this concept, a cognitive-radio network was developed as retrial queue with energy harvesting. Cognitive radio allows for a secondary user to opportunistically access the idle spectrum of a primary user (PU). Upon arrival of a primary user, the service given to the secondary user by the cognitive radio is interrupted, and the PU band is available for the primary user. After completion of service for the primary user, the PU band is again available to secondary users. Performance metrics are derived to study the equilibrium strategies of secondary users. A Stackelberg game was formulated and Nash equilibrium was derived for the noncooperative strategy of the secondary user. Game-theory concepts are incorporated with queuing theory ideas to obtain the net benefit for the noncooperative strategy and social benefit for cooperative strategy. Lastly, analytical results are verified with numerical examples, and the effects of energy-harvesting rate are discussed.

scholarly journals Performance Metrics in Cognitive Radio Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Ali Ammar
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Cognitive Radio Networks ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Primary User ◽  
Radio Networks ◽  
Malicious Nodes ◽  
Secondary Users ◽  
Primary User Emulation Attack

In Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN), the main aim is to allow the secondary users (SUs) to identify the empty bands and use them to transmit or receive data opportunistically. Primary users (PUs) have the priority to use a channel, while the secondary users must vacant this channel once a primary user requests it. An attack known in cognitive radio networks as a Primary User Emulation Attack (PUEA) aims to prevent the SU from using the empty bands. In this paper, an analytical and experimental approach is presented to mitigate the PUEA. This approach is based on obtaining the Probability Density Functions (PDFs) of the received powers at the secondary users from malicious nodes and also from the primary transmitter in the cognitive network. Then, these obtained PDFs are used in Neyman-Pearson composite hypothesis test to measure the performance metrics (probability of false alarm and miss detection in the network). The results proved that the performance metrics were greatly influenced by the network area, where the secondary user is located, and the threshold value λ used in the decision rule. Also, there are boundaries for the λ choices that cannot be overtaken.

scholarly journals Improved Buffer-Aided Multi-Hop Relaying with Reduced Outage and Packet Delay in Cognitive Radio Networks

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 895
Author(s):  
Shakeel Alvi ◽  
Riaz Hussain ◽  
Qadeer Hasan ◽  
Shahzad Malik
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Outage Probability ◽  
Cognitive Radio Networks ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Packet Delay ◽  
Radio Spectrum ◽  
Radio Networks ◽  
Cooperative Relaying ◽  
End To End

Cognitive radio networks have emerged to exploit optimally the scarcely-available radio spectrum resources to enable evolving 5G wireless communication systems. These networks tend to cater to the ever-increasing demands of higher data rates, lower latencies and ubiquitous coverage. By using the buffer-aided cooperative relaying, a cognitive radio network can enhance both the spectral efficiency and the range of the network; although, this could incur additional end-to-end delays. To mitigate this possible limitation of the buffer-aided relaying in the underlay cognitive network, a virtual duplex multi-hop scheme, referred as buffer-aided multi-hop relaying, is proposed, which improves throughput and reduces end-to-end delays while keeping the outage probability to a minimum as well. This scheme simultaneously takes into account the inter-relay interference and the interference to the primary network. The proposed scheme is modeled as a Markov chain, and Monte Carlo simulations under various scenarios are conducted to evaluate several key performance metrics such as throughput, outage probability, and average packet delay. The results show that the proposed scheme outperforms many non-buffer-aided relaying schemes in terms of outage performance. When compared with other buffer-aided relaying schemes such as max-max, max-link, and buffer-aided relay selection with reduced packet delay, the proposed scheme demonstrated better interference mitigation without compromising the delay performance as well.

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