scholarly journals Advances in Molecular Imaging Strategies forIn VivoTracking of Immune Cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho Won Lee ◽  
Prakash Gangadaran ◽  
Senthilkumar Kalimuthu ◽  
Byeong-Cheol Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Cell Tracking ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
Cell Based Therapy

Tracking of immune cellsin vivois a crucial tool for development and optimization of cell-based therapy. Techniques for tracking immune cells have been applied widely for understanding the intrinsic behavior of immune cells and include non-radiation-based techniques such as optical imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), radiation-based techniques such as computerized tomography (CT), and nuclear imaging including single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET). Each modality has its own strengths and limitations. To overcome the limitations of each modality, multimodal imaging techniques involving two or more imaging modalities are actively applied. Multimodal techniques allow integration of the strengths of individual modalities. In this review, we discuss the strengths and limitations of currently available preclinicalin vivoimmune cell tracking techniques and summarize the value of immune cell tracking in the development and optimization of immune cell therapy for various diseases.

Non-radioactive imaging strategies for in vivo immune cell tracking

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Kiraga ◽  
Paulina Kucharzewska ◽  
Damian Strzemecki ◽  
Tomasz P. Rygiel ◽  
Magdalena Król
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Cell Tracking ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Cell Labeling ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Disease Study

Abstract In vivo tracking of administered cells chosen for specific disease treatment may be conducted by diagnostic imaging techniques preceded by cell labeling with special contrast agents. The most commonly used agents are those with radioactive properties, however their use in research is often impossible. This review paper focuses on the essential aspect of cell tracking with the exclusion of radioisotope tracers, therefore we compare application of different types of non-radioactive contrast agents (cell tracers), methods of cell labeling and application of various techniques for cell tracking, which are commonly used in preclinical or clinical studies. We discuss diagnostic imaging methods belonging to three groups: (1) Contrast-enhanced X-ray imaging, (2) Magnetic resonance imaging, and (3) Optical imaging. In addition, we present some interesting data from our own research on tracking immune cell with the use of discussed methods. Finally, we introduce an algorithm which may be useful for researchers planning leukocyte targeting studies, which may help to choose the appropriate cell type, contrast agent and diagnostic technique for particular disease study.

scholarly journals Visualisation of interstitial lung disease by molecular imaging of integrin αvβ3 and somatostatin receptor 2

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine Schniering ◽  
Martina Benešová ◽  
Matthias Brunner ◽  
Stephanie Haller ◽  
Susan Cohrs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Somatostatin Receptor ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
Integrin Αvβ3 ◽  
Biodistribution Studies

ObjectiveTo evaluate integrin αvβ3 (alpha-v-beta-3)-targeted and somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2)-targeted nuclear imaging for the visualisation of interstitial lung disease (ILD).MethodsThe pulmonary expression of integrin αvβ3 and SSTR2 was analysed in patients with different forms of ILD as well as in bleomycin (BLM)-treated mice and respective controls using immunohistochemistry. Single photon emission CT/CT (SPECT/CT) was performed on days 3, 7 and 14 after BLM instillation using the integrin αvβ3-targeting 177Lu-DOTA-RGD and the SSTR2-targeting 177Lu-DOTA-NOC radiotracer. The specific pulmonary accumulation of the radiotracers over time was assessed by in vivo and ex vivo SPECT/CT scans and by biodistribution studies.ResultsExpression of integrin αvβ3 and SSTR2 was substantially increased in human ILD regardless of the subtype. Similarly, in lungs of BLM-challenged mice, but not of controls, both imaging targets were stage-specifically overexpressed. While integrin αvβ3 was most abundantly upregulated on day 7, the inflammatory stage of BLM-induced lung fibrosis, SSTR2 expression peaked on day 14, the established fibrotic stage. In agreement with the findings on tissue level, targeted nuclear imaging using SPECT/CT specifically detected both imaging targets ex vivo and in vivo, and thus visualised different stages of experimental ILD.ConclusionOur preclinical proof-of-concept study suggests that specific visualisation of molecular processes in ILD by targeted nuclear imaging is feasible. If transferred into clinics, where imaging is considered an integral part of patients’ management, the additional information derived from specific imaging tools could represent a first step towards precision medicine in ILD.

Basic principles and technological state of the art: SPECT

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 573-577
Author(s):  
Alessia Gimelli ◽  
Riccardo Liga
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
The Body ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Photon Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Invasive Evaluation

Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) photons as a medical imaging technique detects the radiation emitted by radioisotopes injected into the body to provide in vivo measurements of regional tissue function. From its introduction in the cardiologic clinical field, nuclear imaging has classically represented the reference technique for the non-invasive evaluation of myocardial perfusion, becoming the most frequently performed imaging modality for the functional assessment of patients with ischaemic heart disease.

In Vivo Quantitative Noninvasive Imaging of Gene Transfer by Single-Photon Emission Computerized Tomography

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Auricchio ◽  
Paul D. Acton ◽  
Markus Hildinger ◽  
Jean-Pierre Louboutin ◽  
Karl Plössl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Noninvasive Imaging ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Single Photon Emission

scholarly journals Ocular Biodistribution Studies Using Molecular Imaging

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Castro-Balado ◽  
Cristina Mondelo-García ◽  
Miguel González-Barcia ◽  
Irene Zarra-Ferro ◽  
Francisco J Otero-Espinar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Data ◽  
Biodistribution Studies

Classical methodologies used in ocular pharmacokinetics studies have difficulties to obtain information about topical and intraocular distribution and clearance of drugs and formulations. This is associated with multiple factors related to ophthalmic physiology, as well as the complexity and invasiveness intrinsic to the sampling. Molecular imaging is a new diagnostic discipline for in vivo imaging, which is emerging and spreading rapidly. Recent developments in molecular imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), allow obtaining reliable pharmacokinetic data, which can be translated into improving the permanence of the ophthalmic drugs in its action site, leading to dosage optimisation. They can be used to study either topical or intraocular administration. With these techniques it is possible to obtain real-time visualisation, localisation, characterisation and quantification of the compounds after their administration, all in a reliable, safe and non-invasive way. None of these novel techniques presents simultaneously high sensitivity and specificity, but it is possible to study biological procedures with the information provided when the techniques are combined. With the results obtained, it is possible to assume that molecular imaging techniques are postulated as a resource with great potential for the research and development of new drugs and ophthalmic delivery systems.

Basic principles and technological state of the art: SPECT

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Gimelli ◽  
Riccardo Liga
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
The Body ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Photon Emission Computed Tomography

Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) photons as a medical imaging technique detects the radiation emitted by radioisotopes injected into the body to provide in vivo measurements of regional tissue function. From its introduction in the cardiologic clinical field, nuclear imaging has classically represented the reference technique for the non-invasive evaluation of myocardial perfusion, becoming the most frequently performed imaging modality for the functional assessment of patients with ischaemic heart disease.

Nuclear cardiology

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Aju P. Pazhenkottil ◽  
Ronny R. Buechel
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
Cardiac Metabolism ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Pet Myocardial Perfusion Imaging

Nuclear imaging was first introduced with the development of scintillator cameras by Hal Anger in the early 1960s. Hence, nuclear imaging is one of the oldest non-invasive imaging techniques in cardiology, beside echocardiography. Over the last few decades, nuclear imaging has seen tremendous advances and has generated great interest as a non-invasive method to assess a variety of medical conditions. Aside from 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) for patients with oncological disease, the growth of nuclear medicine in recent years has been mainly driven by the increasing use of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and PET myocardial perfusion imaging studies in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease. While SPECT as a non-invasive method is widely available, PET has superior spatial and temporal resolution, allowing quantification of radiotracer uptake and thereby contributing important insights into the pathophysiological regulation of myocardial blood flow and cardiac metabolism.

scholarly journals Dopamine transporter imaging in clinically unclear cases of parkinsonism and the importance of Scans Without Evidence of Dopaminergic Deficit (SWEDDs)

2012 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 667-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco A. T. Utiumi ◽  
André C. Felício ◽  
Conrado R. Borges ◽  
Vera L. Braatz ◽  
Sheyla A. S. Rezende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine Transporter ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Parkinsonian Syndromes ◽  
Cost Effective Technique ◽  
Dat Spect

The clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is susceptible to misdiagnosis, especially in the earlier stages of the disease. Recently, in vivo imaging techniques assessing the presynaptic dopamine transporter (DAT) have emerged as a useful tool in PD diagnosis, improving its accuracy. OBJECTIVE: It was to illustrate the clinical usefulness of a brain single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) DAT ligand, and highlight relevant aspects of scans without evidence of dopaminergic deficit (SWEDDs) in this context. CASES: We described four representative patients with clinically unclear parkinsonian syndromes who underwent [99mTc]-TRODAT-1 SPECT and reviewed the clinical implications. CONCLUSION: DAT-SPECT is an important, cost-effective, technique for the differential diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes. Additionally, SWEDD cases present clinical and paraclinical peculiarities that may retrospectively identify them as essential/dystonic tremor. The lack of histopathological data limits further conclusions.

scholarly journals Radiochemistry: A Useful Tool in the Ophthalmic Drug Discovery

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna R. Pulagam ◽  
Vanessa Gómez-Vallejo ◽  
Jordi Llop ◽  
Luka Rejc
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Ophthalmic Drugs ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Ophthalmic Drug

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single Photon Emission Computerized Tomography (SPECT) are ultra-sensitive, fully translational and minimally invasive nuclear imaging techniques capable of tracing the spatiotemporal distribution of positron (PET) or gamma (SPECT) emitter-labeled molecules after administration into a living organism. Besides their impact in the clinical diagnostic, PET and SPECT are playing an increasing role in the process of drug development, both during the evaluation of the pharmacokinetic properties of new chemical entities as well as in the proof of concept, proof of mechanism and proof of efficacy studies. However, they have been scarcely applied in the context of ophthalmic drugs. In this paper, the basics of nuclear imaging and radiochemistry are briefly discussed, and the few examples of the use of these imaging modalities in ophthalmic drug development reported in the literature are presented and discussed. Finally, in a purely theoretical exercise, some labeling strategies that could be applied to the preparation of selected ophthalmic drugs are proposed and potential applications of nuclear imaging in ophthalmology are projected.

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