scholarly journals A Retrospective Study of the Clinical Burden of Hospitalized All-Cause and Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Canada

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelly A. McNeil ◽  
Nawab Qizilbash ◽  
Jian Ye ◽  
Sharon Gray ◽  
Giovanni Zanotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Pneumococcal Pneumonia ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Discharge Abstract Database ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
Clinical Burden ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Statistics Canada

Background. Routine vaccination againstStreptococcus pneumoniaeis recommended in Canada for infants, the elderly, and individuals with chronic comorbidity. National incidence and burden of all-cause and pneumococcal pneumonia in Canada (excluding Quebec) were assessed.Methods. Incidence, length of stay, and case-fatality rates of hospitalized all-cause and pneumococcal pneumonia were determined for 2004–2010 using ICD-10 discharge data from the Canadian Institutes for Health Information Discharge Abstract Database. Population-at-risk data were obtained from the Statistics Canada census. Temporal changes in pneumococcal and all-cause pneumonia rates in adults ≥65 years were analyzed by logistic regression.Results. Hospitalization for all-cause pneumonia was highest in children <5 years and in adults >70 years and declined significantly from 1766/100,000 to 1537/100,000 per year in individuals aged ≥65 years (P<0.001). Overall hospitalization for pneumococcal pneumonia also declined from 6.40/100,000 to 5.08/100,000 per year. Case-fatality rates were stable (11.6% to 12.3%). Elderly individuals had longer length of stay and higher case-fatality rates than younger groups.Conclusions. All-cause and pneumococcal pneumonia hospitalization rates declined between 2004 and 2010 in Canada (excluding Quebec). Direct and indirect effects from pediatric pneumococcal immunization may partly explain some of this decline. Nevertheless, the burden of disease from pneumonia remains high.

Clinical burden of multi-cause and pneumococcal pneumonia, meningitis, and septicemia in Hungary. Results of a retrospective study (2006–2011)

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (36) ◽  
pp. 1426-1436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endre Ludwig ◽  
Lindsay Jorgensen ◽  
Sharon Gray ◽  
Samantha Munson ◽  
Kathy Chou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Pneumococcal Pneumonia ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
Clinical Burden ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Meningitis In Children ◽  
Conjugate Vaccination ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Assessment of the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on the burden of pneumonia, meningitis, and septicemia in Hungary is limited. Aim: The aim of this retrospective study was to quantify rates of hospitalized multi-cause and pneumococcal pneumonia, meningitis, and septicemia in all age groups in Hungary between 2006 and 2011. Method: Aggregate data were obtained from the Hungarian National Healthcare Fund using pre-specified ICD-10 codes. Comparisons included average rates pre-vaccine (2006–2007) versus post-vaccine (2010–2011) using a χ2test. Results: Hospitalization rates among children aged 0–4 years significantly declined for multi-cause pneumonia and meningitis, but increased for septicemia. There were significant increases in multi-cause pneumonia and septicemia in other age groups. In-hospital mortality rates increased with age. Limited use of pneumococcal-specific codes led to inconclusive findings for pneumococcal diseases. Conclusions: Declines in multi-cause pneumonia and meningitis in children aged 0–4 years suggest direct effects of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on hospitalization rates. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(36), 1426–1436.

scholarly journals Social Class and Hospitalization in Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Godley ◽  
Karen Tang ◽  
William Ghali
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Discharge Abstract Database ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
Long Form ◽  
Statistics Canada ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Relationship

IntroductionDespite the existence of a universal health care system in Canada, there remains an inverse relationship between social class and health (Frohlich 2006). Those who identify as lower social class (operationalized with various indicators, including education, income, and occupation) have poorer outcomes across multiple health measures (Tang 2016). Objectives and ApproachThis study examines the link between social class and health care utilization, specifically hospitalization, in Canada. First, we examine the relationship between different indicators of social class and rates of hospitalization; next, we look at cause-specific hospitalizations. Using the unique dataset that contains the linked data for the 2006 Census with the Discharge Abstract Database for 2006-9, we explore the following research questions: Are the three main indicators of social class, education, income, and occupation, individually correlated with hospitalization rates overall, controlling for age and gender? Are certain indicators of social class more highly correlated with hospitalization rates, controlling for other indicators? ResultsWe access the linked files provided by Statistics Canada in the Prairie Research Data Centre. The long-form Census represents approximately 20\% of the Canadian population. The DAD includes data on hospitalizations in acute care facilities in Canada, with the exception of those in the province of Quebec. Approximately 4,650,000 long-form respondents were eligible for linkage to the DAD, and approximately 5.3\% of Census respondents were linked to at least one DAD record between 2006 and 2009. Our analyses are ongoing, but initial results suggest an inverse relationship between hospitalization and various measures of social class. Full results will be made available for presentation following vetting by Statistics Canada personnel. Conclusion/ImplicationsThis data provides us with a unique opportunity to examine the relationship between the detailed and rich measures of social class collected in the long-form Census and the comprehensive hospitalization data provided by the DAD records. Results will have implications for hospital health care provision across Canada.

scholarly journals Case-fatality and hospitalization rates for dermatological diseases in Brazil in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Barreto Rocha ◽  
Claudia Cristina de Aguiar Pereira ◽  
Leticia Arsie Contin ◽  
Carla Jorge Machado
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality ◽  
Dermatological Diseases ◽  
Hospitalization Rates

scholarly journals COVID-19 in comparison with other emerging viral diseases: risk of geographic spread via travel

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Wilder-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Geographic Spread ◽  
Emerging Viral Diseases

Abstract Purpose of review The COVID-19 pandemic poses a major global health threat. The rapid spread was facilitated by air travel although rigorous travel bans and lockdowns were able to slow down the spread. How does COVID-19 compare with other emerging viral diseases of the past two decades? Recent findings Viral outbreaks differ in many ways, such as the individuals most at risk e.g. pregnant women for Zika and the elderly for COVID-19, their vectors of transmission, their fatality rate, and their transmissibility often measured as basic reproduction number. The risk of geographic spread via air travel differs significantly between emerging infectious diseases. Summary COVID-19 is not associated with the highest case fatality rate compared with other emerging viral diseases such as SARS and Ebola, but the combination of a high reproduction number, superspreading events and a globally immunologically naïve population has led to the highest global number of deaths in the past 20 decade compared to any other pandemic.

scholarly journals Estimates and Determinants of SARS-Cov-2 Seroprevalence and Infection Fatality Ratio Using Latent Class Analysis: The Population-Based Tirschenreuth Study in the Hardest-Hit German County in Spring 2020

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1118
Author(s):  
Ralf Wagner ◽  
David Peterhoff ◽  
Stephanie Beileke ◽  
Felix Günther ◽  
Melanie Berr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Care Home ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Targeted Testing ◽  
June July

SARS-CoV-2 infection fatality ratios (IFR) remain controversially discussed with implications for political measures. The German county of Tirschenreuth suffered a severe SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in spring 2020, with particularly high case fatality ratio (CFR). To estimate seroprevalence, underreported infections, and IFR for the Tirschenreuth population aged ≥14 years in June/July 2020, we conducted a population-based study including home visits for the elderly, and analyzed 4203 participants for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies via three antibody tests. Latent class analysis yielded 8.6% standardized county-wide seroprevalence, a factor of underreported infections of 5.0, and 2.5% overall IFR. Seroprevalence was two-fold higher among medical workers and one third among current smokers with similar proportions of registered infections. While seroprevalence did not show an age-trend, the factor of underreported infections was 12.2 in the young versus 1.7 for ≥85-year-old. Age-specific IFRs were <0.5% below 60 years of age, 1.0% for age 60–69, and 13.2% for age 70+. Senior care homes accounted for 45% of COVID-19-related deaths, reflected by an IFR of 7.5% among individuals aged 70+ and an overall IFR of 1.4% when excluding senior care home residents from our computation. Our data underscore senior care home infections as key determinant of IFR additionally to age, insufficient targeted testing in the young, and the need for further investigations on behavioral or molecular causes of the fewer infections among current smokers.

scholarly journals Inequalities in psychiatric service use and mortality by migrant status following a first diagnosis of psychotic disorder: a Swedish cohort study of 1.3m people

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dafni Katsampa ◽  
Syeda F Akther ◽  
Anna-Clara Hollander ◽  
Henrik Dal ◽  
Christina Dalman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Psychiatric Service ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Migrant Status ◽  
Region Of Origin ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
First Diagnosis

Abstract It is unclear whether inequalities in mental healthcare and mortality following the onset of psychosis exist by migrant status and region-of-origin. We investigated whether (i) mortality (including by major causes of death); (ii) admission type (in- or out-patient), and; (iii) in-patient length of stay at first diagnosis for psychotic disorder presentation, and; (iv) time-to-readmission for psychotic disorder differed for refugees, non-refugee migrants and by region-of-origin. We established a cohort of 1,335,192 people born 1984-1997 and living in Sweden from 1st January 1998, followed from their 14 th birthday or arrival to Sweden, until death, emigration, or 31 December 2016.People with ICD-10 psychotic disorder (F20-33; N=9,399) were 6.7 (95%CI: 5.9-7.6) times more likely to die than the general population, but this did not vary by migrant status (p=0.15) or region-of-origin (p=0.31). This mortality gap was most pronounced for suicide (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 12.2; 95% CI: 10.4-14.4), but persisted for deaths from other external (aHR: 5.1; 95%CI: 4.0-6.4) and natural causes (aHR: 2.3; 95%CI: 1.6-3.3). Non-refugee (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.4, 95%CI: 1.2-1.6) and refugee migrants (aOR: 1.4, 95%CI: 1.1-1.8) were more likely to receive inpatient care at first diagnosis. No differences in inpatient length of stay at first diagnosis were observed. Sub-Saharan African migrants with psychotic disorder were readmitted more quickly than their Swedish-born counterparts (adjusted sub-HR: 1.2; 95%CI: 1.1-1.4). Our findings highlight the need to understand the drivers of disparities in psychosis treatment and the mortality gap experienced by all people with disorder, irrespective of migrant status or region-of-origin.

scholarly journals Combined instruments for the screening of dementia in older people with low Education

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (2a) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cássio M.C. Bottino ◽  
Sonia E. Zevallos-Bustamante ◽  
Marcos A. Lopes ◽  
Dionisio Azevedo ◽  
Sérgio R. Hototian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Weighted Sum ◽  
Dementia Screening ◽  
Moderate Dementia ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Roc Area ◽  
Low Educated ◽  
State Examination

OBJECTIVE: To determine which combination of cognitive tests and informant reports can improve the diagnostic accuracy of dementia screening in low educated older people. METHOD: Patients with mild to moderate dementia (n=34) according to ICD-10 and DSM-III-R criteria and 59 older controls were assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Fuld Object Memory Evaluation (FOME). Informants were assessed using the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly and the Bayer-Activities of Daily Living Scale. RESULTS: The 4 instruments combined with the mixed rule correctly classified 100% and the logistic regression (weighted sum) classified 95.7% of subjects. The weighted sum had a significantly larger ROC area compared to MMSE (p=0.008) and FOME (p=0.023). The specificity of the tested combinations was superior to the MMSE alone (p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive tests combined with informant reports can improve the screening of mild to moderate dementia in low educated older people.

scholarly journals Acute myocardial infarction in the elderly: Treatment strategies and 28-day-case fatality from the MONICA/KORA myocardial infarction registry

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 680-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ute Amann ◽  
Inge Kirchberger ◽  
Margit Heier ◽  
Wolfgang von Scheidt ◽  
Bernhard Kuch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Day Case

The prevalence of pre-existing mental health, drug and alcohol conditions in major trauma patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tu Q. Nguyen ◽  
Pamela M. Simpson ◽  
Belinda J. Gabbe
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Medical Record ◽  
Major Trauma ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Record Review ◽  
Drug And Alcohol

Objective Capturing information about mental health, drug and alcohol conditions in injury datasets is important for improving understanding of injury risk and outcome. This study describes the prevalence of pre-existing mental health, drug and alcohol conditions in major trauma patients based on routine discharge data coding. Methods Data were extracted from the population-based Victorian State Trauma Registry (July 2005 to June 2013, n = 16 096). Results Seventeen percent of major trauma patients had at least one mental health condition compared with the Australian population prevalence of 21%. The prevalence of mental health conditions was similar to the Australian population prevalence in men (19% v. 18%), but lower in women (14% v. 25%) and across all age groups. Mental health conditions were more prevalent in intentional self-harm cases (56.3%) compared with unintentional (13.8%) or other intentional (31.2%) cases. Substance use disorders were more prevalent in major trauma patients than the general population (15% v. 5%), higher in men than women (17% v. 10%) and was highest in young people aged 25–34 years (24%). Conclusions Under-reporting of mental health conditions in hospital discharge data appears likely, reducing the capacity to characterise the injury population. Further validation is needed. What is known about the topic? Medical record review, routine hospital discharge data and self-report have been used by studies previously to characterise mental health, drug and alcohol conditions in injured populations, with medical record review considered the most accurate and reliance on self-report measures being considered at risk of recall bias. The use of routinely collected data sources provides an efficient and standardised method of characterising pre-existing conditions, but may underestimate the true prevalence of conditions. What does this paper add? No study to date has explored the prevalence of Abbreviated Injury Scale and International Classification of Diseases and Health Related Problems, Tenth Revision, Australian Modification (ICD-10-a.m)-coded mental health, alcohol and drug conditions in seriously injured populations. The results of this study show the incidence of mental health conditions appeared to be under-reported in major trauma patients, suggesting limitations in the use of ICD-10-a.m. to measure mental health comorbidities. What are the implications for practitioners? In order to achieve improvements in measuring mental health, drug and alcohol comorbidities, we suggest the use of a series of different diagnostic systems to be used in conjunction with ICD-10-a.m., such as medical record review and self-reporting as well as linkage to other datasets. When applied simultaneously, diagnosis and outcomes of mental health may be compared and validated across diagnostic systems and deviations in diagnoses could be more readily accounted for.

The course of depression in the elderly: a longitudinal community-based study in Australia

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. HENDERSON ◽  
A. E. KORTEN ◽  
P. A. JACOMB ◽  
A. J. MACKINNON ◽  
A. F. JORM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Sample Attrition ◽  
Poor Social Support ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Depressive States

Background. We report the outcome of depressive states after 3-4 years in a community sample of the elderly.Methods. A sample of 1045 persons aged 70+ years in 1990–1 was re-interviewed after 3·6 years.Results. Mortality (21·7%) and refusal or non-availability (10·4%) were higher in those who initially had had a diagnosis or symptoms of depression. Of those with an ICD-10 depressive episode in 1990–1, 13% retained that diagnosis. Of those who were not depressed initially only 2·5% had become cases. Depression was unrelated to age or apolipoprotein E genotype. The best predictors of the number of depressive symptoms at follow-up was the number at Wave 1, followed by deterioration in health and in activities of daily living, high neuroticism, poor current health, poor social support, low current activity levels and high service use. Depressive symptoms at Wave 1 did not predict subsequent cognitive decline or dementia.Conclusions. Non-random sample attrition is unavoidable. ICD-10 criteria yield more cases than other systems, while continuous measures of symptoms confer analytical advantages. Risk factors for depressive states in the elderly have been further identified. The prognosis for these states is favourable. At the community level, depressive symptoms do not seem to predict cognitive decline, as they do in referred series.

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