The main stages of pharmaceutical development of emulgel “Probioskin”

The aim. To conduct research on the pharmaceutical development of a complex preparation with probiotic “Probioskin” in the form of an emulgel for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory dermatological diseases. Methods. Uniformity was determined by visual inspection of the test samples using an XSP-128 ULAB biological microscope. The study of the rheological properties of the samples was carried out using a Rheolab QC rheovisosimeter (Anton Paar, Austria) using a system of coaxial cylinders C-CC27 / SS. Microbiological studies and biotesting on a biological model of ciliates were carried out in aseptic conditions of a laminar box (biological safety cabinet AC2-4E1 “Esco”, Indonesia) of the Department of Biotechnology of the National University of Pharmacy (completely). Pharmacological studies (determination of the parameters of acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory properties on the model of acute exudative inflammation of the foot in rats caused by zymosan and carrageenan) were carried out on the basis of the Central Research Laboratory of the NUPh. Results. On the basis of the complex of the carried out studies, the composition of the complex preparation for skin use “Probioskin” was substantiated. The analysis of the microbiological purity of the developed agent during the proposed shelf life of 12 months showed that the drug meets the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia Monograph for cutaneous application in terms of the level of microbial contamination by foreign microflora. The complex of pharmacological studies carried out indicates that the drug “Probioskin” can be attributed to group 6 of class and classified as a “relatively harmless” agent. The study of the anti-inflammatory effect of the drug indicates that the drug exhibits moderate anti-inflammatory properties. Under the condition of zymosan inflammation, which is associated with the activation of leukotrienes as inflammatory mediators, the average antiexudative activity of the drug is 33 %. The drug has a moderate antiexudative effect under the condition of carrageenan edema, which is evidence of its effect on exudation processes mediated by prostaglandins. The mean AEA of the study drug was 24 %. Conclusions. For the development of a soft preparation for skin use for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory dermatological diseases, the following components have been selected: active – lactobacilli, dexpanthenol, lactic acid; auxiliary - propylene glycol, peach oil, polysorbate-80, aristophlex, tocopherol, the concentration of which was substantiated on the basis of a complex of organoleptic, physicochemical, pharmacological, microbiological and biological studies. It has been experimentally established that the “Probioskin” emulgel meets the requirements of the SPhU in terms of the level of microbial contamination by extraneous microflora. Pharmacological studies allow the drug to be classified as “relatively harmless” with anti-inflammatory properties at a level not lower than the reference drug

BIOIMPEDANCE ANALYSIS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF SKIN CONDITION

The number of visits and calls to doctors with dermatological diseases is growing rapidly every year and every year the number of cases with malignant skin tumors increases catastrophically. In medical practice, the diagnosis of any skin disease occurs by a doctor in several stages: history taking, visual examination with percussion and palpation, referral to the laboratory, if it is really necessary, for additional examination and diseases differentiation. The last stage is the most expensive due to the duration of the analysis process time, and with malignant neoplasms - this is a very critical factor because it affects the effectiveness of the further treatment and survival chance. In addition, without the conclusion of the laboratory and tests to provide recommendations for specialized treatment is almost impossible, because the doctor being in the dark and should act more at random, not at instructions with accurate information and diagnosis. Given this, there is a need for diagnostic tools that will allow dermatologists to quickly and by hand differentiate pathological conditions. The aim of this work is to find significant differences in the values of capacity and impedance of healthy tissues and tissues with cancers of varying severity, lesions, and dislocations. The founded differences can be used to predict and diagnose malignancies and cancer of the upper layers of the skin. Based on the results of experiments, an impedance analyzer of the state of biological tissue is proposed for use, the structural scheme and principle of operation of which is illustrated in the work. The results of this study can serve as a key factor and starting point in the future expansion of the tools of dermatological offices, in order to improve the efficiency of rapid diagnosis and identification of dermatological diseases, without waiting for the results of histological examinations.

SELECTED APPLICATIONS OF DEEP NEURAL NETWORKS IN SKIN LESION DIAGNOSTIC

The article provides an overview of selected applications of deep neural networks in the diagnosis of skin lesions from human dermatoscopic images, including many dermatological diseases, including very dangerous malignant melanoma. The lesion segmentation process, features selection and classification was described. Application examples of binary and multiclass classification are given. The described algorithms have been widely used in the diagnosis of skin lesions. The effectiveness, specificity, and accuracy of classifiers were compared and analysed based on available datasets.

PYOTRAUMATIC DERMATITIS IN DOGS

Resume The most informative methods of diagnosing dermatological diseases in dogs are a clinical study of the skin and its derivatives, and to identify the main etiological factor, dermatological tests are used to identify signs of ectoparasitosis. In the treatment of pyotraumatic dermatitis in dogs, after eliminating the effects of the main etiological factor, the most effective is the use of janus kinase inhibitors against the background of local and systemic antibacterial therapy.

A Survey of Human Face Mites Demodex (Acari, Demodicidae) in Patients with Dermatological Symptoms in Baghdad, Iraq

Demodex spp. mites are external obligate parasites; they are transmitted between hosts through direct contact, and may induce several dermatological symptoms when found in large numbers. However, these symptoms may be similar to other commonly known diseases; this often leads dermatologists to neglect the pathogenic role of these mites. Therefore, a better diagnosis is recommended in order to avoid mistreatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between Demodex mites and dermatological diseases. Infestation rates in patients suffering from acne, rosacea, folliculitis, and psoriasis were compared with asymptomatic patients, along with the mites’ relation to gender, age, personal hygiene, time of year, and residency. These mites were mainly found in patients with rosacea (66.67%) followed by acne (64.41%), while they were only observed in 48.15% of asymptomatic patients, 40.00% in folliculitis, and 0.00% in psoriasis. The statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between infestation and the previously mentioned dermatological diseases (P<0.01). The infestation rates increased significantly with age, reaching 83.33% in patients above 60 years old, and especially during cold months with higher humidity rates. These mites were also more predominantly found in urban areas (56.10%), followed by rural areas (48.45%). However, there was no significant relationship according to gender or personal hygiene.

Antifungal Effect of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Haematoporphyrin Monomethyl Ether and Aloe Emodin on Malassezia furfur

Infectious dermatological diseases caused by Malassezia furfur are often chronic, recurrent, and recalcitrant. Current therapeutic options are usually tedious, repetitive, and associated with adverse effects. Alternatives that broaden the treatment options and reduce side effects for patients are needed. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is an emerging approach that is quite suitable for superficial infections. The aim of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy and effect of aPDT mediated by haematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) and aloe emodin (AE) on clinical isolates of M. furfur in vitro. The photodynamic antimicrobial efficacy of HMME and AE against M. furfur was assessed by colony forming unit (CFU) assay. The uptake of HMME and AE by M. furfur cells was investigated by fluorescence microscopy. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) probe and flow cytometry were employed to evaluate the intracellular ROS level. The effect of HMME and AE-mediated aPDT on secreted protease and lipase activity of M. furfur was also investigated. The results showed that HMME and AE in the presence of light effectively inactivated M. furfur cells in a photosensitizer (PS) concentration and light energy dose-dependent manner. AE exhibited higher antimicrobial efficacy against M. furfur than HMME under the same irradiation condition. HMME and AE-mediated aPDT disturbed the fungal cell envelop, significantly increased the intracellular ROS level, and effectively inhibited the activity of secreted protease and lipase of M. furfur cells. The results suggest that HMME and AE have potential to serve as PSs in the photodynamic treatment of dermatological diseases caused by M. furfur, but further ex vivo or in vivo experiments are needed to verify that they can meet the requirements for clinical practice.

Clinico-etiological Study of Nail Disorders at a Tertiary Care Center in Maharashtra, India

Background: Nail abnormalities comprise a significant proportion of dermatological disorders. Nail is a window that provides vital clues for any underlying, dermatological, and systemic diseases. Any cutaneous assessment is incomplete without examining nails despite which it is a fairly neglected appendage. Objectives: This study was carried out to document the clinical pattern, determine the etiology, and identify risk factors for various nail changes. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 200 consecutive patients presenting with nail changes to the outpatient department of dermatology and venereal diseases of a tertiary care hospital. The patients were enrolled after obtaining informed consent. A case record form was designed for every patient, including demographic data, nail characteristics, associated dermatological and systemic disease, and investigation details. Results: The mean age of the patients was 37.98 ± 16.79 years with a male preponderance. Occupation (housewife and manual laborer) was observed to be a significant risk factor (P < 0.001) for onychomycosis. The chief complaint related to nails was cosmetic in 49.5% of the cases. Etiology-wise nail changes secondary to dermatological diseases (44%) were the most common, followed by infections (36%); however, among dermatological diseases, psoriasis (42.2%) followed by lichen planus (16.6%) predominated. Although nail pitting was noticed in various conditions, there was a significant association between nail pitting and psoriasis (P < 0.001). Onychomycosis showed a significant association (P < 0.001) with nail discoloration and onycholysis. Distal lateral subungual onychomycosis (61.4%) was the most frequently observed pattern; nevertheless, the most common causative agent was dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum (58.26%). A nail biopsy was performed on 15 cases, with conclusive findings in 12 patients. Conclusions: Nails should be considered an integral part of the complete dermatological evaluation. The meticulous examination of nails facilitates the early diagnosis of hitherto undetected cutaneous/systemic disease. The nail unit deserves greater attention for better understanding and utilization as a diagnostic tool.