scholarly journals An Improved LTE RACH Protocol for M2M Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Samir ◽  
Mahmoud M. Elmesalawy ◽  
A. S. Ali ◽  
Ihab Ali
Keyword(s):  
Success Probability ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
M2m Communication ◽  
M2m Communications ◽  
Access Delay ◽  
Access Channel ◽  
Extended Access ◽  
Multiple Devices ◽  
Baseline Solution

Machine-to-machine (M2M) communications allow multiple devices to communicate directly without human intervention. There will be a huge number of devices in the M2M communications which results in enormous congestion in the current Random Access Channel (RACH) of LTE based cellular systems. This paper presents a protocol for improving the performance of the LTE RACH for M2M applications. This protocol, the Distributed Queuing Access for LTE (DQAL), is based on the Distributed Queuing (DQ) algorithm. One of the benefits of using that algorithm is minimizing the collision in the access phase for the M2M communications. The reduction in the collision will turn in enhancing both the access success probability and the access delay for M2M devices (MDs). Furthermore, the protocol is designed to guarantee that the normal User Equipment (UE) device can access the system using the traditional RACH procedures without any modification. This will assure a seamless implementation of the proposed protocol over the existing LTE cellular systems. The simulation results show how the access delay obtained by the proposed DQAL protocol outperforms the Extended Access Baring (EAB) which is the baseline solution recommended by the 3 GPP for M2M communication.

scholarly journals Exploiting the Capture Effect to Enhance RACH Performance in Cellular-Based M2M Communications

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonghun Kim ◽  
Jaiyong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Success Probability ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Network System ◽  
Capture Effect ◽  
M2m Communication ◽  
Access Channel ◽  
Random Access Channel ◽  
Analysis Models ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Cellular-based machine-to-machine (M2M) communication is expected to facilitate services for the Internet of Things (IoT). However, because cellular networks are designed for human users, they have some limitations. Random access channel (RACH) congestion caused by massive access from M2M devices is one of the biggest factors hindering cellular-based M2M services because the RACH congestion causes random access (RA) throughput degradation and connection failures to the devices. In this paper, we show the possibility exploiting the capture effects, which have been known to have a positive impact on the wireless network system, on RA procedure for improving the RA performance of M2M devices. For this purpose, we analyze an RA procedure using a capture model. Through this analysis, we examine the effects of capture on RA performance and propose a Msg3 power-ramping (Msg3 PR) scheme to increase the capture probability (thereby increasing the RA success probability) even when severe RACH congestion problem occurs. The proposed analysis models are validated using simulations. The results show that the proposed scheme, with proper parameters, further improves the RA throughput and reduces the connection failure probability, by slightly increasing the energy consumption. Finally, we demonstrate the effects of coexistence with other RA-related scheme through simulation result.

Future M2M Communication Networks

2016 ◽  
pp. 149-178
Author(s):  
Stavroula Vassaki ◽  
George Pitsiladis ◽  
Stavros E. Sagkriotis ◽  
Athanasios D. Panagopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Spectrum Sharing ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Wireless Communication Networks ◽  
Lte Networks ◽  
M2m Communication ◽  
M2m Communications ◽  
The Future ◽  
4G Lte

Machine type communications (or Machine-to-Machine / M2M) communications have emerged as an important paradigm in wireless communication networks. The current M2M standardization activities are presented and their implementation in 4G/LTE networks is described in detail. The chapter is divided in three parts that are related to the evolution of the Future M2M communication Networks. The first part focuses on existing random access management schemes for M2M communications that are presented in the literature. The second part is devoted on spectrum sharing methods and on M2M clustering and it presents the spatial distribution of heterogeneous networks and its impact on their connectivity. Finally, the last part refers to energy efficiency issues of the future M2M communication systems and their implementation using distributed power control and MAC/scheduling algorithms.

scholarly journals Adaptive Access Class Barring Method for Machine Generated Communications

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaesung Park ◽  
Yujin Lim
Keyword(s):  
Success Probability ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Collision Probability ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Access Channel ◽  
Communication Devices ◽  
A Cell

Cellular network is provisioned to serve traffic demands generated by human being. The random access channel used for nodes to compete for a connection with an eNB is limited. Even though machines generate very small amount of data traffic, the signaling channel of a network becomes overloaded and collisions occur to fail the access if too many MTC (Machine Type Communication) devices attempt to access network. To tackle the issue, 3GPP specifies an access class barring but leaves a specific algorithm as an implementation issue. In this paper, we propose an adaptive access barring method. Generally, an eNB does not know the number of MTC devices in its coverage area. Thus, it is difficult to control the barring factor by predicting the number of MTC devices in a service area of a cell. On the contrary, we control the barring factor based on the prediction of access intensity which can be measured at an eNB. Simulation results show that since the proposed method can manipulate the barring factor autonomously according to the access intensity, it is superior to the original method in terms of the access success probability and the collision probability.

scholarly journals Random access improvement for M2M communication in LTE-A using femtocell

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1153
Author(s):  
Eric Sackey ◽  
Rajeev Paulus
Keyword(s):  
Access Network ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Frequency Reuse ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Fractional Frequency Reuse ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
M2m Communication ◽  
Extended Access ◽  
Inter Cell Interference ◽  
Complete Frequency

<p><span>When an area is highly populated with Machine-to-Machine devices and all these devices attempt to access the Random Access Network Simultaneously, congestion is created on the network which degrades the performance of the network to other users. In this paper, the researchers are seeking to improve network accessibility by deploying more Femtocell into the network. They engaged the use of Extended Access Barring to restrict the M2M devices from accessing the network via macrocell eNB when a minimum load threshold is attained, thereby preventing the macrocell eNB from being congested. Deploying these Femtocells underneath the macrocell eNB comes with the issue of Inter-Cell Interference which nullifies any gains made by this deployment. The researchers employed Fractional Frequency Reuse and Complete Frequency Reuse schemes to mitigate the negative effects of ICI to augment the throughput of the network, improve the system capacity and enhanced the user experience within the network.</span></p>

scholarly journals Enhancing Radio Access Network Performance over LTE-A for Machine-to-Machine Communications under Massive Access

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Fatemah Alsewaidi ◽  
Angela Doufexi ◽  
Dritan Kaleshi
Keyword(s):  
Network Performance ◽  
Success Probability ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Radio Access Network ◽  
Machine To Machine ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Access Channel ◽  
Control Traffic

The expected tremendous growth of machine-to-machine (M2M) devices will require solutions to improve random access channel (RACH) performance. Recent studies have shown that radio access network (RAN) performance is degraded under the high density of devices. In this paper, we propose three methods to enhance RAN performance for M2M communications over the LTE-A standard. The first method employs a different value for the physical RACH configuration index to increase random access opportunities. The second method addresses a heterogeneous network by using a number of picocells to increase resources and offload control traffic from the macro base station. The third method involves aggregation points and addresses their effect on RAN performance. Based on evaluation results, our methods improved RACH performance in terms of the access success probability and average access delay.

scholarly journals Combined Access Barring Scheme for IoT Devices Using Bayesian Estimation

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2191
Author(s):  
Waqas Tariq Toor ◽  
Maira Alvi ◽  
Mamta Agiwal
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Success Probability ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Access Delay ◽  
Extended Access ◽  
Massive Number ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
High Energy Consumption

This paper focuses on proposing a new access barring scheme for internet of things (IoT) devices in long term evolution advanced (LTE/LTE-A) and 5G networks. Massive number of IoT devices communicating simultaneously is one of the hallmarks of the future communication networks such as 5G and beyond. The problem of congestion also comes with this massive communication for which access barring is one of the solutions. So, it is required that sophisticated access barring techniques are designed such that the congestion is avoided and these devices get served in less time. Legacy access barring schemes like access class barring (ACB) and extended access barring (EAB) suffer from high energy consumption and high access delay respectively. However, our proposed scheme provides less energy consumption than ACB while giving less access delay than EAB. The proposed scheme maximizes the success probability while reducing the number of collisions at the same time. The scheme is based on an approximation of the number of IoT devices based on details available to the eNodeB of the number of idle, successful and collided preambles. Extensive Matlab simulations are performed to validate our claims and analysis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of MAC’s Distributed Queuing Algorithm for Internet of Things Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 966
Author(s):  
Mabruka Mohamed Agel ◽  
Mohamed Hadi Habaebi ◽  
Sameha Alnahdi ◽  
Md Rafiqul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Blocking Probability ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Collision Probability ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Machine To Machine ◽  
Access Delay ◽  
Access Channel

<span>Internet of Things and Machine-to-Machine communications have contributed significantly on our daily life. Nevertheless, from the networking aspect they introduced a huge challenge for the performance and quality of services of networks. In this paper, a Distributed Queuing Access for LTE protocol was analyzed to enhance the random access performance for Machine to machine (M2M) applications. The M2M communications presented countless solicitations that can over-burden the access channel of the present LTE network. This prompts to an expansion in the collision probability and results in a noteworthy access delay. The introduced protocol does improve the performance of Medium access layer in terms of blocking probability, access delay, energy utilization and number of re-transmissions attempts in comparison with the standard LTE protocol without altering the existing LTE outline structure. The new protocol is intended to ensure that the random access procedure of the ordinary UE gadget will not be affected bringing about consistent implementation for the proposed convention.</span>

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