Green Buildings - A Solution to India’s High Energy Consumption

This paper is to bring into knowledge, a proficiency, which would help us to fight against energy crises using new construction techniques. It discusses the needs and benefits of sustainable Green buildings. It focuses on coming up with new ideas to build green buildings with minimum Embodied Energy. High energy conservation in buildings can be achieved by insulating materials (powerful device for designing and building) and by improving the construction envelope heat safety, which then controls the building envelope's transmissivity. Since the orientation of buildings and their protection from the sun cannot be implemented freely in the urban environment where it is densely built, heat insulation and adoption of bioclimatic architectural principles becomes the need. Green buildings, at the decreased ranges of consumption of resource and energy, the design of green buildings will meet the needs of users. This is a wise approach to use India’s energy in this period of crisis. These buildings will replace most of our present building methodologies. “Energy can neither be created nor destroyed”, hence application of this paper is aimed at utilizing the irrelevant energy consumed in building processes and providing comfort at the cost of sustainability.

SPECIALIZED FOOD PRODUCTS FOR THE NUTRITION OF ATHLETES BASED ON WHEY PROTEINS

It is known that a balanced diet and the intake of specialized foods that combine various types of proteins play a key role in expanding the adaptive potential of athletes and affect the effectiveness of the training process. In recent decades, various biomedical and technological strategies have been implemented in the development of specialized food products, including those for the nutrition of athletes. Proteins of milk and whey occupy an important place among the functional ingredients. Despite the fact that the average per capita consumption of protein in the structure of the diet in the Russian Federation over the past few years has been at a satisfactory level (in 2019 - 80.4 g/day, in 2020 - 81.4 g/day), for athletes with high body weight and extremely high energy consumption (4000 kcal/day and above), these values will be insufficient. In connection with this, special attention should be paid to various protein fractions in the development of SPP at a consumption level of at least 1,2 g/kg of the athlete's body weight daily to ensure plastic and other functions in the body, physical performance and endurance.

An Experimental Study on Thermal Properties of Sustainable Bricks Made from Local Industrial Waste

Rapid development around the globe, increase of population and construction with the latest and megastructures have escalated the demand for energy. The increasing of ambient outdoor temperature requires mechanical air conditioners to maintain a comfortable environment within the building, this contributes to high energy consumption. Building with good thermal conductivity properties passively reduces energy consumption. This experimental work focuses on four (4) brick systems which are Laterite Clay (LC), Solid Waste Fly Ash (SWFA) Bricks, Laterite SWFA (LS) Brick, and Laterite SWFA Paint Sludge (LSP) Bricks. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), Hydrate Lime (HL), and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) were used as stabiliser. Higher thermal conductivity was recorded for all bricks systems that stabilised with HL. Thermal conductivity was significantly reduced when GGBS was incorporated as a blended stabiliser. SWFA bricks system recorded the lowest thermal conductivity of all bricks systems investigated. A lower thermal conductivity value indicates better thermal properties. In all brick-wall systems, the thermal conductivity was found to increase linearly with density.

Integration of Wind Energy and Desalination Systems: A Review Study

Desalination is a well-established technology used all over the world to mitigate freshwater scarcity. Wind-powered reverse osmosis plants are one of the most promising alternatives for renewable energy desalination, particularly for coastal areas and islands. Wind energy can satisfy the high energy consumption of desalination while reducing costs and CO2 emissions. However, the mismatch between the intermittent availability of the wind resource and the desalination’s power demand makes the integration between the two technologies critical. This paper presents a review of wind-powered desalination systems, focusing on the existing topologies and technological advances. An overview of the advantages and disadvantages are analysed based on the theoretical and experimental cases available in the scientific literature. The goal of this work is to show the current status of wind-powered desalination and to present the technical challenges that need to be overcome in order to ensure a sustainable freshwater source.

Forward osmosis (FO)-reverse osmosis (RO) hybrid process incorporated with hollow fiber FO

Currently, desalination is limited by high energy consumption and high operational and maintenance costs. In this study, a new concept of a hollow fiber forward osmosis (HFFO)-based infinity desalination process with minor environmental impacts (free-energy intake and no pretreatment or brine discharge) is suggested. To evaluate the concept, an element-scale HFFO was conducted in both conventional FO and pressure-assisted FO modes, simulating a submerged HFFO operation. In the HFFO test, the impacts of several operating conditions on the performance of the HFFO were investigated to select the best case. Based on these results, the energy costs were calculated and compared with those of a hybrid FO–seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) process. The HFFO showed a high dilution rate of the draw solution (up to approximately 400%), allowing the downstream SWRO process to operate at 25 bar with the same permeate volume production (recovery rate of 60%). Consequently, the HFFO-based infinity desalination process has an annual energy revenue of 183.83 million USD, compared with a stand-alone two-stage RO process based on a 100,000 m3/day plant.

Study of geothermal energy potential as a green source of energy with a look at energy consumption in Iran

Regarding disadvantages of fossil fuels, renewables like geothermals can be an eco-friendly source of energy. In Iran, the availability of fossil fuels and poor policies surrounding subsidies (ranked as the first in giving subsidies) caused high energy consumption (1.75 times higher than the global average). Energy is mainly provided by fossil fuels that leads to high CO2 emission. This study evaluates the energy consumption trend and potentials of more sustainable resources like geothermals in Iran. The formation of geothermals is tightly linked with geological prerequisites that are partly present within Iran. Adjacency of the metamorphic with volcanic zones, existence of numerous faults and seismic activity of Iran are notable geological characteristics confirming the geothermal potential. In Iran, 18 regions are being explored as the most promising geothermal prospects. To test the potentials of one of these regions, a geothermal power plant with a capacity of 5 MWe is installed in the Sabalan Field. Northwest (where Sabalan Field is located), central (like Mahalat Region) and southeast of Iran (Makran Zone) can be regarded as promising zones for hosting geothermal prospects.

The Study of Usage of Hyperledger Fabric in Agricultural Ecommerce

With the advent of COVID-19, the ecommerce industry in India has seen an inflection point with rise in the demand across all the segments of the industry. Much ecommerce has been started to cater to the supply and demand mismatch in agricultural goods front. In these times, Blockchain is seen to create a trust bridge for all the stakeholder to transact through goods and supplies with minimal risks involved. But, to use this technology the technical, economical and a scalable approach to this technology is still a very prominent requirement for mass adoption. Permissionless Blockchain build on Proof of Work consensus protocol cannot be used due to their slow speed, low scalability, and high energy consumption for network functioning. This paper concludes with the possibility of using a Permissioned blockchain such as Hyperledger Fabric to not only solve the several underlying issues to facilitate efficiency in the Ecommerce architecture, with critical view on the mass adoption.

Anti-Counterfeiting and Traceability Mechanism Based on Blockchain

The anti-counterfeiting traceability system based on blockchain technology can ensure the accuracy and consistency of the data stored by each participating node, protect the legitimacy of the data, ensure the product quality, improve the credibility of enterprises, and enhance consumers’ confidence in products. However, due to the low system throughput, high energy consumption and poor data availability, the combination of blockchain and traditional anti-counterfeiting traceability mode has many challenges, such as low efficiency. This paper aims to find an improved consensus mechanism based on contribution proof to improve the mining efficiency of honest miners. And plan to introduce a credit system, give priority to the high credit value of the mining block to package, improve the overall packaging efficiency of the system, to solve the problem of low feedback efficiency of the blockchain anti-counterfeiting system.

Fluid-dynamic study of the behavior of the air inside a textile Stenter

In the textile industry, drying is one of the most important processes. This process requires large investments and high energy consumption, which generates high costs for companies in this sector. In this work, a modeling of the behavior of the air was carried out in a textile Stenter, under real operating conditions through the development of fluid-dynamic simulations. For the computational modeling of the problem, a 3D geometry was constructed based on measurements taken from an injector of a textile Stenter. The standard k-ε turbulence model was used in the turbulent flow solution. The equations of the model were solved numerically using the finite element method. The standard k-ϵ turbulence model proved to be a model capable of reproducing the behavior of the air in the injectors of the textile Stenter.