scholarly journals Economic Contribution to Local Livelihoods and Households Dependency on Dry Land Forest Products in Hammer District, Southeastern Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagm Fikir ◽  
Wubalem Tadesse ◽  
Abdella Gure
Keyword(s):  
Construction Materials ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Local Livelihoods ◽  
Forest Income ◽  
Economic Contribution

The study was conducted in Hammer district, Southern Ethiopia, to provide empirical evidence on economic contribution to local livelihoods and households dependency on dry forest products. One agropastoral and two pastoral kebeles were purposively selected, and data was collected through household survey, group discussions, market assessments, and field observation. A total of 164 households, selected based on a random sampling procedure, were interviewed using structured questionnaire. The study found that income from forest products contributes 21.4% of the total annual household income. The major dry forest products include honey, fuel wood, gum and resin, and crafts and construction materials, contributing 49%, 39%, 6%, and 6% of the forest income, respectively. Households of the pastoral site earned more forest income and were relatively more dependent on forest products income than those in the agropastoral study site. Significant variation was also found among income groups: households with higher total annual income obtain more forest income than those with lower income, but they are relatively less dependent on forest products than the lower counterpart. Besides, various socioeconomic and contextual factors were found to influence forest income and dependency. The findings of the study provide valuable information up on which important implications for dry land forest development and management strategies can be drawn.

scholarly journals Role of Forest Resources to Local Livelihoods: The Case of East Mau Forest Ecosystem, Kenya

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Langat ◽  
E. K. Maranga ◽  
A. A. Aboud ◽  
J. K. Cheboiwo
Keyword(s):  
Construction Material ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Local Livelihoods ◽  
Forest Income ◽  
Forest Use

Forests in Kenya are threatened by unsustainable uses and conversion to alternative land uses. In spite of the consequences of forest degradation and biodiversity loss and reliance of communities on forests livelihoods, there is little empirical data on the role of forest resources in livelihoods of the local communities. Socioeconomic, demographic, and forest use data were obtained by interviewing 367 households. Forest product market survey was undertaken to determine prices of various forest products for valuation of forest use. Forest income was significant to households contributing 33% of total household income. Fuel wood contributed 50%, food (27%), construction material (18%), and fodder, and thatching material 5% to household forest income. Absolute forest income and relative forest income (%) were not significantly different across study locations and between ethnic groups. However, absolute forest income and relative forest income (%) were significantly different among wealth classes. Poor households were more dependent on forests resources. However, in absolute terms, the rich households derived higher forest income. These results provide valuable information on the role of forest resources to livelihoods and could be applied in developing forest conservation policies for enhanced ecosystem services and livelihoods.

scholarly journals Contribution of Dry Forest Products to Household Income and Determinants of Forest Income Levels in the Northwestern and Southern Lowlands of Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 06 (05) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Busha Teshome ◽  
Habtemariam Kassa ◽  
Zerihun Mohammed ◽  
Christine Padoch
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Forest Income

Montana’s forest products industry and timber harvest, 2014: Part III: Sales, employment and economic contribution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate C. Marcille ◽  
Chelsea P. McIver ◽  
Steven W. Hayes ◽  
Todd A. Morgan ◽  
Chris Witt
Keyword(s):  
Forest Products ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Forest Products Industry ◽  
Economic Contribution

Social Forestry in Environmentally Degraded Regions of India: Case-study of the Mayurakshi Basin

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandini Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Social Forestry ◽  
Fuel Wood

Social Forestry (SF) schemes have been implemented in India since the 1980s to combat deforestation, increase the supply of fuel-wood and fodder, and provide minor forest products for the rural populaton. The relevance of such Schemes in the Mayurakshi River Basin is basically due to its environmentally degraded state. Latterly the Basin has been brought under the Mayurakshi River Valley Project, but unless measures are undertaken to mitigate problems of soil erosion, the efficiency of the Project will be hampered.

scholarly journals Introduction ofEucalyptusspp. into the United States with Special Emphasis on the Southern United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Kellison ◽  
Russ Lea ◽  
Paul Marsh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gold Rush ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Species Introduction ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Fiber Production ◽  
North Carolina State University ◽  
Subsequent Performance

Introduction ofEucalyptusspp. into the United States from Australia on a significant scale resulted from the gold rush into California in 1849. Numerous species were evaluated for fuel, wood products, and amenity purposes. The first recorded entry of eucalyptus into the southern United Stated was in 1878. Subsequent performance of selected species for ornamental purposes caused forest industry to visualize plantations for fiber production. That interest led the Florida Forestry Foundation to initiate species-introduction trials in 1959. The results were sufficiently promising that a contingent of forest products companies formed a cooperative to work with the USDA Forest Service, Lehigh Acres, FL, USA, on genetic improvement of selected species for fiber production. The Florida initiative caused other industrial forestry companies in the upper South to establish plantations regardless of the species or seed source. The result was invariably the same: failure. Bruce Zobel, Professor of Forestry, North Carolina State University, initiated a concerted effort to assess the potential worth of eucalyptus for plantation use. The joint industrial effort evaluated 569 sources representing 103 species over a 14-year period. The three levels of testing, screening, in-depth, and semioperational trials led to identification of some species and sources that offered promise for adaptation, but severe winter temperatures in late 1983 and early 1984 and 1985 terminated the project. Despite the failed attempt valuable silvicultural practices were ascertained that will be beneficial to other researchers and practitioners when attempts are again made to introduce the species complex into the US South.

Convergence of Forest Resources in Jangalmahal, West Bengal

2016 ◽  
pp. 511-537
Author(s):  
Nilendu Chatterjee ◽  
Soumyananda Dinda
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
The State ◽  
Forest Product ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
The People ◽  
Forest Income ◽  
History Of ◽  
Beta Convergence

The topic of growth and convergence is at the heart of a wide-ranging debate in the growth literature. The century long history of deprivation and backwardness of Jangalmahal area and four districts of it in the state of West Bengal—Purulia, Bankura, West Midnapore and parts of Birbhum—is also a well discussed issue. The dependency of the people on forest products to earn livelihoods is a natural phenomenon which, over the years, has resulted in considerable exploitation of forest resources. Through this chapter, we have made an attempt to see whether there exists any convergence, both absolute as well as conditional, in the total forest product of Jangalmahal and in the incomes earned from forest resources. We have seen the presence of Beta convergence, both conditional and absolute, in both tests of forest products as well as income from it. Sigma of forest income diverges instead of converge. Similar result is seen in case of timber.

scholarly journals Non-timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in the Sagarmatha National Park, Nepal Himalaya

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Krisha R Bhattarai ◽  
Bharat B Shrestha ◽  
Hari D Lekhak
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Nepal Himalaya ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
Sagarmatha National Park ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
Animal Grazing

Present study was conducted to explore and document the non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in the Sagarmatha National Park (SNP) Nepal Himalaya, and to assess their conservation status. The field data was collected from June 21 to July 15, 2004. Primary information of NTFPs was based on Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) which included field observation, interviews and focus group discussion. Altogether 103 species of NTFPs belonging to 40 families and 74 genera, used for food, firewood, fodder, buildings construction, incense, and medicines were recorded from the study area. Out of them, 21 species were found to be dominant, 29 species abundant, 35 species common, 14 not so common and 4 species rare. Furthermore, 17 species of lichens belonging to six families and eight genera were also recorded. Impact on the vegetation was mostly due to the disturbance by tourism, animal grazing, building of houses, fuel wood and timber collection. Ecological study of the representative NTFPs showed that number of medicinal plants was comparatively low in all the areas investigated. Arenaria sp., Rhododendron sp., Juniperus sp., Abies spectabilis., Pinus wallichiana., Betula utilis, Lyonia ovalifolia., Arundinaria sp., Zanthoxylum armatum., Dactylorhiza hatagirea, Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora, Ferns, Mushrooms, etc. have been found to be directly or indirectly affected by tourists and guides/porters. Key words: Sagarmatha; NTFPs; Conservation status; Impact; Tourism. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v7i7.3833 Scientific World Vol.7(7) 2009 pp.85-91

scholarly journals Farmers’ perception and reasons for practicing farmer managed natural regeneration in Tigray, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tigist Kibru ◽  
Rikiatu Husseini ◽  
Emiru Birhane ◽  
Jeremy Haggar ◽  
Negasi Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Tigray Region ◽  
Household Heads

Abstract Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR) is a rapid, low cost and easily replicated approach to restore and improve degraded agricultural, forest and pasture lands. The study was conducted in low (500–1500 m.a.s.l) and mid (1500–2300 m.a.s.l) altitude agro-ecologies of Tigray region assessing farmer’s perception and reasons to practice FMNR. Purposive sampling was used to select three peasant associations (PA’s) from each agro-ecology. Simple random sampling was used to select respondents from household heads practicing FMNR. There were 15 respondents from each PA. Total respondents used for the study in both agro-ecologies were 90. All the data required for the study was collected through in-depth household survey and group discussions. Forty two percent (42.2%) of the respondents had 21–30 years of FMNR experience. Seventeen percent of the respondents with FMNR experience were from lowland and 26% were from mid land agro-ecology. FMNR has been practiced for more than two decades in the study areas. In both low and midland agro-ecologies, motivation of the respondents to practice FMNR was the training received from expert’s (37.1%) and neighbors’ success (29.2%). In the lowland, respondent’s main purpose to practice FMNR was fuel wood and fruit collection (49%) while in the midland the objectives were for fuel wood (50%), soil conservation (47%) and fodder (47%). FMNR has enormous importance in the livelihoods of the rural people especially in providing fuel wood, food/fruits, construction materials and farm equipment.

Man and Forests: A Case-study from the Dry Tropics of India

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.P. Singh ◽  
J.S. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Total Failure ◽  
Ecosystem Level ◽  
Land Farming

The present study analyses the energy-budget of ‘village ecosystems’ in a dry tropical environment. These systems depend to a great extent on the surrounding natural forest/savanna ecosystems. Accordingly the objectives of the study were to quantify (i) the energy efficiency of rain-fed agriculture at the ecosystem level, and (ii) the indirect impact of agricultural activity on the surrounding forest/savanna ecosystems.Agronomic output from farming is not sufficient to meet the food-energy requirements of the villagers, hence 27.0 to 51.0% of the requirement is met from outside markets. Operation of the agro-ecosystems involved requires a considerable amount of subsidy from the surrounding forest/savanna ecosystems in terms of fodder and fuel-wood. About 81 to 100% of the fuel needs, and 80–87% of the fodder needs, are met from the natural forest/savanna ecosystems. Thus, for each unit of energy obtained in agronomic yield (including milk), 3.1 units of energy are expended from the surrounding natural ecosystems in the form of fodder and fuel-wood.The erratic and ill-distributed nature of monsoon rains results in moisture deficit which affects the crop production in dry-land farming, causing partial or total failure of the crops. For achieving increased and stable agronomic production under rain-fed conditions, improved dry-land farming techniques have to be applied. Some of these techniques are: (1) introduction of crops and varieties that would be capable of maturing in a period of 90–100 days, and adequate use of appropriate fertilizers; (2) planned rain-water management including storage of surface runoff; and (3) practices of intercropping with crops of longer duration than those currently grown, having slow growth-rates in the early part of their life-cycles.

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