Mini review of parasitoids of insect pest in Brazil

In the process of manipulating agroecosystems, man adopts strategies that often conflict with those of the nature by imposing its interests and objectives to increase the food and fiber production. As a result, populations of certain species of herbivores, such as insects and mites phytophagous, become numerically so high that they damage the crops to the point of reducing their productivity and, consequently, their economic income. The aim of the mini review is to provide a bibliographic summary of parasitoids of the Order Hymenoptera collected from insect pests in Brazil. The research was carried out in studies related to the theme with emphasis on the quantitative aspects of the genera, and species (Taxonomic groups). A bibliographic search was carried out that contained papers published from 1998 to June 2021. The mini review was prepared in Goiânia, Goiás from March to June 2021 using the Electronic Scientific Library Online (Scielo) and internet. Thus, biological control aims to reduce the population level of a species classified as a pest, keeping it below the level in which it is capable of causing economic harm.

Influence of the Use of an Ionic Liquid as Pre-Hydrodistillation Maceration Medium on the Composition and Yield of Cannabis sativa L. Essential Oil

Cannabis sativa L. is a multi-purpose crop, whose resilience, adaptability and soil-enriching properties make it a low-impact production. In the last years, the cultivation of the “industrial” hemp varieties (THC < 0.2%) has been promoted by many Countries, opening a whole new market of hemp-derived products, such as its essential oil (EO). Its distillation might represent an effective method to exploit a residue of the hemp fiber production (flowers), complying with the guidelines of the circular economy. In the present work, different concentrations of an ionic liquid (IL; 1,3-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium dimethylphosphate) have been studied as a pre-hydrodistillation maceration medium. The EO yields have been evaluated, and their compositions have been analyzed by GC-EIMS. The use of 100% and 90% IL concentrations gave a hydrodistillation yield increment of 250% and 200%, respectively. The 200% yield increase was maintained when the 100% IL was recycled after the hydrodistillation. The lower IL concentrations incremented the cannabinoid and oxygenated sesquiterpene contents, while the opposite was true for sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. The proposed IL-enhanced hydrodistillation medium applied to hemp, studied for the first time in the present work, might be used to both (i) noteworthy increment the hydrodistillation yield and (ii) modulate the obtained EO composition based on the desired final product.

A Study on Microfluidic Spinning Technology (MST) Used for Micro Fibre Fabrication

Functional polymeric micro/nanofibers have gained considerable interest as promising materials for the structures that are potentially beneficial in lot of application areas as they possess excellent characteristics such as large surface-area-to-volume ratio, incredibly small pore dimensions etc. Microfluidic developments have currently shown a huge amount of opportunities as revolutionary approaches to create microfiber. By carefully regulating the flow and reaction kinetics in microchannel chip, microfluidic-spinning technology can be applied to generate fibers with tailored characteristics and polymorphic structures. However, this paper features the basic mechanism of micro-fiber production by microfluidic spinning Technology (MST) as well as the principle of Elcectro-Microfluidic Spinning Technology (EMST). Besides, core-shell fiber production by MST is also described in brief. Finally, the advantageous features, application areas and challenges of MST are reviewed briefly in this paper.

A STUDY ON PROBLEM AND CHALLENGES OF WOMEN COIR WORKERS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ALAPPUZHA DISTRICTS

Coir is a major traditional village business in India, which is centered on agrobased employment. India is the world's largest coir producer with over 80 percent of the world's total coir fiber production. Kerala is India's major coir and coir manufacturer. The coir industry has been developed in Kerala, and spreads to other coconut growing states of India. Coir industry is an export and employment industry. The study analysis the problems and challenges of women workers in household units of Alappuzha districts of Kerala. The study aims to know the family problem, employment related problem, financial problem, poor living condition of workers and identifying the problem and challenges faced by the women workers and provide them with suitable suggestions to overcome issues.