scholarly journals Management of HIV Infection during Pregnancy in the United States: Updated Evidence-Based Recommendations and Future Potential Practices

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bassam H. Rimawi ◽  
Lisa Haddad ◽  
Martina L. Badell ◽  
Rana Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
World Health ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Virologic Suppression ◽  
Perinatal Hiv ◽  
Health Organization

All HIV-infected women contemplating pregnancy should initiate combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), with a goal to achieve a maternal serum HIV RNA viral load beneath the laboratory level of detection prior to conceiving, as well as throughout their pregnancy. Successfully identifying HIV infection during pregnancy through screening tests is essential in order to preventin uteroand intrapartum transmission of HIV. Perinatal HIV transmission can be less than 1% when effective cART, associated with virologic suppression of HIV, is given during the ante-, intra-, and postpartum periods. Perinatal HIV guidelines, developed by organizations such as the World Health Organization, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and the US Department of Health and Human Services, are constantly evolving, and hence the aim of our review is to provide a useful concise review for medical providers caring for HIV-infected pregnant women, summarizing the latest and current recommendations in the United States.

scholarly journals Reconsidering the Number of Women With HIV Infection Who Give Birth Annually in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
pp. 637-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R. Nesheim ◽  
Lauren F. FitzHarris ◽  
Margaret A. Lampe ◽  
Kristen Mahle Gray
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Perinatal Hiv ◽  
Women With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

Objectives: The annual number of women with HIV infection who delivered infants in the United States was estimated to be 8700 in 2006. An accurate, current estimate is important for guiding perinatal HIV prevention efforts. Our objective was to analyze whether the 2006 estimate was consistent with the number of infants with HIV infection observed in the United States and with other data on perinatal HIV transmission. Methods: We compared the number of infants born with HIV in 2015 (n = 53) with data on interventions to prevent perinatal HIV transmission (eg, maternal HIV diagnosis before and during pregnancy and prenatal antiretroviral use). We also estimated the annual number of deliveries to women living with HIV by using the number of women of childbearing age living with HIV during 2008-2014 and the estimated birth rate among these women. Finally, we determined any changes in the annual number of infants born to women with HIV from 2007-2015, among 19 states that reported these data. Results: The low number of infants born in the United States with HIV infection and the uptake of interventions to prevent perinatal HIV transmission were not consistent with the 2006 estimate (n = 8700), even with the best uptake of interventions to prevent perinatal HIV transmission. Given the birth rate among women with HIV (estimated at 7%) and the number of women aged 13-44 living with HIV during 2008-2014 (n = 111 273 in 2008, n = 96 363 in 2014), no more than about 5000 women with HIV would be giving birth. Among states consistently reporting the annual number of births to women with HIV, the number declined about 14% from 2008 to 2014. Conclusion: The current annual number of women with HIV infection delivering infants in the United States is about 5000, which is substantially lower than the 2006 estimate. More accurate estimates would require comprehensive reporting of perinatal HIV exposure.

Circumcision and Reproductive Health Services in a Non-Profit Clinic

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
David Colón-Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Legislature ◽  
World Health ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Health Organization

Male circumcision (MC) has recently become a topic of contention in the United States. Research published in the last five to eight years, conducted in various African countries, has highlighted the prophylactic effects of the procedure against HIV transmission and has influenced the recommendation strategies of the World Health Organization and most recently of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP 2012). Despite this, since the 1970s, 18 states in the United States have defunded the procedure from Medicaid, Colorado being the most recent. In addition, in the spring of 2011, San Francisco citizens sought to ban the procedure, arguing that newborn males' body integrity should be protected—an effort that was subsequently thwarted by the state legislature when it passed a law that prohibited such bans on circumcision.

scholarly journals Pengembangan Media Film Sebagai Upaya untuk Menyadarkan Ibu Hamil Mengenai Pentingnya Tes HIV

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Ratih Indraswari
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
World Health ◽  
Perinatal Hiv ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
The World ◽  
Product Film ◽  
Information Media ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRAKWHO memperkirakan bahwa setiap harinya terdapat 1.600 anak-anak yang terinfeksi HIV, atau sekitar 600.000 infeksi HIV baru tiap tahun di seluruh dunia. Penularan melalui perinatal adalah cara penularan yang paling umum terjadi pada anak-anak. Lebih dari 90% kasus AIDS pada anak ditularkan melalui ibunya yang terinfeksi HIV. Sedangkan tes HIV sebagai satu-satunya cara menegakkan diagnosis infeksi HIV belum banyak diketahui ibu-ibu hamil. Sumber informasi mengenai hal ini pun masih sulit ditemui. Pemakaian media audiovisual terbukti sangat efektif dalam menyampaikan pesan. Selain paparan yang luas karena dapat ditayangkan melalui TV, film sebagai media audiovisual juga dinilai lebih menarik.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan media promosi kesehatan berupa film untuk menyadarkan ibu hamil mengenai pentingnya tes HIV. Penelitian ini mencakup tahapan analisis kebutuhan media informasi dan pengembangan media. Pada tahap analisis kebutuhan media menggunakan metode review literatur (2 penelitian, 2 buku ilmiah, 3 jurnal ilmiah) dan hasil pretest diperoleh dari wawancara perseorangan. Sasaran adalah ibu-ibu hamil yang merupakan ibu rumah tangga beresiko tinggi tertular HIV, tinggal di daerah rural, berpendidikan 9-12 tahun, dan tingkat sosial ekonomi menengah. Film yang diproduksi berjudul “Status” bercerita mengenai seorang suami yang gigih mencari tempat tes HIV untuk istrinya yang sedang hamil. Sebelumnya, rancangan skrip film telah dilakukan ujicoba dan perbaikan sesuai dengan hasil pretest yang didiskusikan dengan para ahli. Film dapat ditayangkan di RS, Puskesmas, Posyandu dan saat melakukan penyuluhan.Kata Kunci : Media, Film, Tes HIV, Ibu HamilDeveloping Movie For Pregnant Women To Aware With Hiv Test; The World Health Organization estimates that, every day, about 1600 children is infected with HIV, or there are about 600,000 new infections annually in children throughout the world. Perinatal HIV transmission is the most common route of HIV infection in children. It is now the source of more than 90% of all AIDS cases in children. HIV test, as the only way for make sure the diagnosis, is less known by pregnant women. Information sources are also difficult to get. Using audiovisual in sending message is effective. It’s huge in reaching people and very interesting as well.This research was aimed to develop movie for pregnant women to aware with HIV test. Literature review (2 researches, 2 scientific books, 3 journal) method was used to analyze information media need. Pretest was conducted by personal interview. The population of this research was pregnant women with high HIV infection risk who are housewives, lived in rural area, 9-12 study years, and middle socio economic level. The movie titled “Status” which is story a husband who not to yield in finding HIV testing place for his pregnant wife. Before, script was pretested, discussed and revised for betterment product. Film can be played in hospital, health center, and HIV socialization as well.Keywords : Media, movie, HIV test, Pregnant Women.

The Ethics of COVID-19 Vaccine Passports

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Joseph Meaney ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Medical Decisions ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Divided Society ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

COVID-19 vaccine passports run the risk of creating a divided society where social privileges or restrictions based on “fitness” lead to discrimination based on immunization status. Individuals have a strong right to be free of coercion to take a COVID-19 vaccine, and we should be very leery of further invasion of private medical decisions. These concerns are shared both internationally and in the United States, and the World Health Organization, the Biden administration, and many US governors oppose COVID-19 vaccine credentials. In addition, regulations for COVID-19 vaccine credentials face practical barriers, including lack of access globally, especially among the poor; and lack of scientific data on the efficacy of these vaccines.

scholarly journals Perinatal HIV Service Coordination: Closing Gaps in the HIV Care Continuum for Pregnant Women and Eliminating Perinatal HIV Transmission in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
pp. 532-542
Author(s):  
Mary-Margaret Andrews ◽  
Deborah S. Storm ◽  
Carolyn K. Burr ◽  
Erika Aaron ◽  
Mary Jo Hoyt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Comprehensive Care ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Service Coordination ◽  
Hiv Care Continuum ◽  
Care Continuum ◽  
Perinatal Hiv ◽  
Childbearing Women

Eliminating perinatal transmission of HIV and improving the care of childbearing women living with HIV in the United States require public health and clinical leadership. The Comprehensive Care Workgroup of the Elimination of Perinatal HIV Transmission Stakeholders Group, sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, developed a concept of perinatal HIV service coordination (PHSC) and identified 6 core functions through (1) semistructured exploratory interviews with contacts in 11 state or city health departments from April 2011 through February 2012, (2) literature review and summary of data on gaps in services and outcomes, and (3) group meetings from August 2010 through June 2017. We discuss leadership strategies for implementing the core functions of PHSC: strategic planning, access to services, real-time case finding, care coordination, comprehensive care, and data and case reviews. PHSC provides a systematic approach to optimize services and close gaps in perinatal HIV prevention and the HIV care continuum for childbearing women that can be individualized for jurisdictions with varying needs.

Annual Summary of Vital Statistics—1976

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 797-804
Author(s):  
Myron E. Wegman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Nations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Statistics ◽  
The World ◽  
States Data ◽  
International Data ◽  
Health Organization

Data for this article, as in previous reports,1 are drawn principally from the Monthly Vital Statistics Report,2-5 published by the National Center for Health Statistics. The international data come from the Demographic Yearbook6 and the quarterly Population and Vital Statistics Report,7 both published by the Statistical Office of the United Nations, and the World Health Statistics Report,8 published by the World Health Organization. All the United States data for 1976 are estimates by place of occurrence based upon a 10% sample of material received in state offices between two dates, one month apart, regardless of when the event occurred. Experience has shown that for the country as a whole the estimate is very close to the subsequent final figures.

scholarly journals Prevention of Perinatal HIV Transmission in an Area of High HIV Prevalence in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 228 ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
Wei Li A. Koay ◽  
Jiaqi Zhang ◽  
Krishna V. Manepalli ◽  
Caleb J. Griffith ◽  
Amanda D. Castel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Perinatal Hiv

scholarly journals Water and Sanitation in Urban America, 2017–2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (10) ◽  
pp. 1567-1572
Author(s):  
Drew Capone ◽  
Oliver Cumming ◽  
Dennis Nichols ◽  
Joe Brown
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Urban America ◽  
Joint Monitoring ◽  
Health Organization

Objectives. To estimate the population lacking at least basic water and sanitation access in the urban United States. Methods. We compared national estimates of water and sanitation access from the World Health Organization/United Nations Children’s Fund Joint Monitoring Program with estimates from the US Department of Housing and Urban Development on homelessness and the American Community Survey on household water and sanitation facilities. Results. We estimated that at least 930 000 persons in US cities lacked sustained access to at least basic sanitation and 610 000 to at least basic water access, as defined by the United Nations. Conclusions. After accounting for those experiencing homelessness and substandard housing, our estimate of people lacking at least basic water equaled current estimates (n = 610 000)—without considering water quality—and greatly exceeded estimates of sanitation access (n = 28 000). Public Health Implications. Methods to estimate water and sanitation access in the United States should include people experiencing homelessness and other low-income groups, and specific policies are needed to reduce disparities in urban sanitation. We recommend similar estimation efforts for other high-income countries currently reported as having near universal sanitation access.

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