scholarly journals A Case of Persistent Generalized Retrograde Autobiographical Amnesia Subsequent to the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Odagaki
Keyword(s):  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Social Abilities ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
General Physical ◽  
Own Name ◽  
Northern Japan

Functional retrograde autobiographical amnesia is often associated with physical and/or psychological trauma. On 11 March 2011, the largest earthquake on record in Japan took place, and subsequent huge tsunami devastated the Pacific coast of northern Japan. This case report describes a patient suffering from retrograde episodic-autobiographical amnesia for whole life, persisting for even more than five years after the disaster. A Japanese man, presumably in his 40s, got police protection in April 2016 but was unable to respond to question about his own name. He lost all information about his personal identity, and his memory was wholly lost until the disaster on 11 March 2011. He was able to recall his life after the disaster, and semantic memories and social abilities were largely preserved. A medical examination performed on 1 November 2016 verified that he was awake, alert, and oriented to time, place, and person (except for himself). General physical and neurological examinations revealed no pathological findings. He also experienced some symptoms associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), such as intrusive thoughts, flashbacks, and nightmares. No abnormalities were detected by biochemical test and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Physicians and other professionals who take care of victims of disaster should be aware of dissociative spectrum disorders, such as psychogenic amnesia.

scholarly journals NMO-DBr: the Brazilian Neuromyelitis Optica Database System

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco A. Lana-Peixoto ◽  
Lívia Edwiges Talim ◽  
Alessandra C. Faria-Campos ◽  
Sérgio V.A. Campos ◽  
Cristiane F. Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Database System ◽  
Optic Coherence Tomography ◽  
History Record ◽  
Information Management Systems ◽  
Associated Conditions ◽  
Laboratory Information Management Systems ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

OBJECTIVE: To present the Brazilian Neuromyelitis Optica Database System (NMO-DBr), a database system which collects, stores, retrieves, and analyzes information from patients with NMO and NMO-related disorders. METHOD: NMO-DBr uses Flux, a LIMS (Laboratory Information Management Systems) for data management. We used information from medical records of patients with NMO spectrum disorders, and NMO variants, the latter defined by the presence of neurological symptoms associated with typical lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or aquaporin-4 antibody seropositivity. RESULTS: NMO-DBr contains data related to patient's identification, symptoms, associated conditions, index events, recurrences, family history, visual and spinal cord evaluation, disability, cerebrospinal fluid and blood tests, MRI, optic coherence tomography, diagnosis and treatment. It guarantees confidentiality, performs cross-checking and statistical analysis. CONCLUSION: NMO-DBr is a tool which guides professionals to take the history, record and analyze information making medical practice more consistent and improving research in the area.

The usefulness of brain MRI at onset in the differentiation of multiple sclerosis and seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 695-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
So-Young Huh ◽  
Ju-Hong Min ◽  
Woojun Kim ◽  
Su-Hyun Kim ◽  
Ho Jin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Lateral Ventricle ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cortical Lesions ◽  
Magnetic Imaging ◽  
Brain Involvement ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background: Although neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune disease distinct from multiple sclerosis (MS). NMO and NMO spectrum disorder (NMOSD) sometimes show asymptomatic lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at onset, and even present with symptomatic brain involvement. Objectives: We investigated whether brain MRI at onset can be helpful for the differentiation of MS and NMOSD. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed initial brain MRIs, performed within three months of onset, in patients with MS ( n = 51) and anti-aquaporin4-antibody-positive patients with NMOSD ( n = 67). Results: NMOSD patients met the Paty (37%) and Barkhof (13%) criteria, and the criteria of the European Magnetic Imaging in MS (MAGNIMS) study group (9%), for MS. Ovoid lesions perpendicular to the lateral ventricle, isolated juxtacortical lesions in U-fibers and isolated ovoid/round cortical lesions were found only in MS patients, whereas longitudinal corticospinal tract lesions, extensive hemispheric lesions, periependymal lesions surrounding the lateral ventricle and cervicomedullary lesions were found only in NMOSD patients. Conclusions: Our study suggests that it is difficult to differentiate MS from NMOSD by the fulfillment of the MRI criteria for MS on brain MRI at onset; however, the characteristic morphology of brain lesions is highly useful for the early differentiation of the two disorders.

scholarly journals Collision Every Night: Treating Nightmares with Trauma-focused Methods: Case Report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
József Szabó ◽  
Szilvia Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Acute Stress Disorder ◽  
Symptomatic Improvement ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Comprehensive Therapy ◽  
Medicinal Treatment ◽  
Trauma Processing

Abstract Introduction We would like to present the case of a young patient with acute stress disorder and recurrent nightmares following the psychological trauma caused by a severe road traffic accident. The comprehensive therapy carried out at the Department of Traumatology included medication, trauma processing and a psychological method whose aim is to cease the development of nightmares. Case Presentation Psychiatric assessment and treatment was asked for a polytraumatised female patient at the Intensive Care Unit after she had undergone a neurosurgical intervention. Her medicinal treatment was continued at the Department of Traumatology. Besides the antidepressant venlafaxine she was treated in accordance with the EMDR protocol for acute stress disorder, and we also applied imagery rescripting to prevent her from having recurrent (daily) nightmares. As a result of the therapy, her symptoms were fast relieved, the nightmares stopped almost instantly, her mood improved, rumination and anxiety decreased significantly. Conclusions In view of the fast and significant symptomatic improvement, we can expect that the EMDR therapy and its protocol for acute stress disorder have successfully reactivated information processing, and besides the subjective relief we have managed to prevent a mental crisis that could lead to a suicide risk as well as the development of post-traumatic stress disorder. We also hope that the improvement will be long-lasting.

scholarly journals Identifying a Common Functional Framework for Apathy Large-Scale Brain Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 679
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Alfano ◽  
Mariachiara Longarzo ◽  
Giulia Mele ◽  
Marcello Esposito ◽  
Marco Aiello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Daily Life Activities ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Central Gyrus ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Disease Specific

Apathy is a neuropsychiatric condition characterized by reduced motivation, initiative, and interest in daily life activities, and it is commonly reported in several neurodegenerative disorders. The study aims to investigate large-scale brain networks involved in apathy syndrome in patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) compared to a group of healthy controls (HC). The study sample includes a total of 60 subjects: 20 apathetic FTD and PD patients, 20 non apathetic FTD and PD patients, and 20 HC matched for age. Two disease-specific apathy-evaluation scales were used to measure the presence of apathy in FTD and PD patients; in the same day, a 3T brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with structural and resting-state functional (fMRI) sequences was acquired. Differences in functional connectivity (FC) were assessed between apathetic and non-apathetic patients with and without primary clinical diagnosis revealed, using a whole-brain, seed-to-seed approach. A significant hypoconnectivity between apathetic patients (both FTD and PD) and HC was detected between left planum polare and both right pre- or post-central gyrus. Finally, to investigate whether such neural alterations were due to the underlying neurodegenerative pathology, we replicated the analysis by considering two independent patients’ samples (i.e., non-apathetic PD and FTD). In these groups, functional differences were no longer detected. These alterations may subtend the involvement of neural pathways implicated in a specific reduction of information/elaboration processing and motor outcome in apathetic patients.

scholarly journals The majority of natalizumab-treated MS patients have high natalizumab concentrations at time of re-dosing

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 805-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoé LE van Kempen ◽  
Cyra E Leurs ◽  
Birgit I Witte ◽  
Annick de Vries ◽  
Mike P Wattjes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Trough Serum ◽  
Natalizumab Treatment ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Background: Natalizumab is efficacious in the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. All patients receive the same treatment regimen of 300 mg every 4 weeks, despite differences in pharmacokinetics between individual patients. Objective: To give neurologists insight into natalizumab concentrations at time of re-dosing, we investigated longitudinal natalizumab concentrations in 80 patients in relation to disease activity, with possible influencing factors. Methods: In a prospective observational cohort study, natalizumab trough serum concentrations were measured in 80 patients. Data on demographics, duration of treatment, Expanded Disability Status Scale, clinical exacerbations, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and body weight were collected. Results: We measured high (≥10 µg/mL) natalizumab trough concentrations in 94% of patients. Intra-individual concentrations were stable. The spread in concentrations was substantial and did not correlate with disease activity. We found a negative association between natalizumab concentration and body weight (β = −0.30, p = 0.010). Interpretation: The majority of patients showed high natalizumab serum concentrations at time of re-dosing. Alternative treatment regimens could lead to more efficient use of natalizumab, but caution is warranted regarding the possibility of recurrence of disease activity. Prospective clinical trials are needed to establish the safety of extended dose intervals in natalizumab treatment.

Conceptualizing Service-Related Trauma: Controversies, Challenges, and Opportunities in the Canadian Context

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany A. Beks ◽  
Sharon L. Cairns ◽  
Anusha Kassan ◽  
Kelly D. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Military Members ◽  
Canadian Context ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Post Traumatic

This article considers three perspectives that have figured prominently in the conceptualization of psychological trauma related to military service in the Canadian context—that of military institutions, that of military members, and that of counselling psychologists. A closer examination of these views reveals points of contention regarding the origins, terminology, and cultural relevance of conceptualizations of service-related trauma, such as post-traumatic stress disorder By drawing from theoretical, empirical, critical, and anecdotal literature, this article highlights the need for counselling psychologists to continually evolve their understanding of the broader contexts in which service-related trauma occurs and to honour military members’ knowledge of diverse sources of traumatic suffering.

Pediatric Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome: Two Unique Cases with a Review of all Reported Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neelu Desai ◽  
Rahul Badheka ◽  
Nitin Shah ◽  
Vrajesh Udani
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Cerebral Vasoconstriction ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Reversible Encephalopathy ◽  
Mr Angiogram

AbstractReversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) has been well described in adults, but pediatric cases are yet under recognized. We describe two children with RCVS and review similar already published pediatric cases. The first patient was a 10-year-old girl who presented with severe headaches and seizures 3 days after blood transfusion. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed changes compatible with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Magnetic resonance angiogram showed diffuse vasoconstriction of multiple cerebral arteries. The second patient was a 9-year-old boy who presented with severe thunderclap headaches. Brain MRI showed isolated intraventricular hemorrhage. Computed tomography/MR angiogram and digital subtraction angiogram were normal. A week later, he developed focal neurological deficits. Repeated MR angiogram showed diffuse vasospasm of multiple intracranial arteries. Both children recovered completely. A clinico-radiological review of previously reported childhood RCVS is provided.

De novo convulsive status epilepticus in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with dalfampridine

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 618-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Panicucci ◽  
Mikael Cohen ◽  
Veronique Bourg ◽  
Fanny Rocher ◽  
Pierre Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Convulsive Status Epilepticus ◽  
Biological Tests ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
History Of Epilepsy

Background: Dalfampridine extended release (DAL) is a broad-spectrum voltage-gated potassium channel blocker that is indicated in multiple sclerosis to improve the nerve conduction of demyelinated axons. Seizures are a known side effect of DAL, which is contraindicated in patients with a history of epilepsy. Objective: Three cases of multiple sclerosis (MS) with de novo convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) probably related to dalfampridine administration are described. Methods: No patients had a history of seizures or renal impairment. Biological tests were normal. A brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed diffuse cortical and subcortical atrophy without active inflammatory lesions. Results: All three patients presented with CSE that was attributed to DAL and so was discontinued. Conclusion: These case reports illustrate that, aside from seizures, de novo CSE is a potential complication of MS patients treated with DAL.

Epilepsy in Propionic Acidemia: Case Series of 14 Saudi Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 713-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afnan AlGhamdi ◽  
Muhammad Talal Alrifai ◽  
Abdullah I. Al Hammad ◽  
Fuad Al Mutairi ◽  
Abdulrahman Alswaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Propionic Acidemia ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Epileptiform Discharges ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Manner ◽  
Delayed Myelination

Propionic acidemia is an inborn error of metabolism that is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. It is characterized by a deficient propionyl-CoA carboxylase due to mutations in either of its beta or alpha subunits. In the literature, there is a clear association between propionic acidemia and epilepsy. In this cohort, we retrospectively reviewed the data of 14 propionic acidemia patients in Saudi Arabia and compared the findings to those of former studies. Six of the 14 (43%) patients developed epileptic seizure, mainly focal seizures. All patients were responsive to conventional antiepileptic drugs as their seizures are controlled. The predominant electroencephalographic (EEG) findings were diffuse slowing in 43% and multifocal epileptiform discharges in 14% of the patients. In 1 patient, burst suppression pattern was detected, a pattern never before reported in patients with propionic acidemia. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings mainly consisted of signal changes of the basal ganglia (36%), generalized brain atrophy (43%), and delayed myelination (43%).The most common genotype in our series is the homozygous missense mutation in the PCCA gene (c.425G>A; p. Gly142Asp). However, there is no clear genotype–seizure correlation. We conclude that seizure is not an uncommon finding in patients with propionic acidemia and not difficult to control. Additional studies are needed to further elaborate on genotype–seizure correlation.

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