2,4-Thiazolidinedione Treatment Improves the Innate Immune Response in Dairy Goats with Induced Subclinical Mastitis

Mastitis is a major disease in dairy cows resulting in significant economic losses. In vitro works suggest that ruminants peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) can aid in improving the response to mastitis and can control milk fat synthesis. The objectives of the present experiment were to test if treatment with the putative PPARγ agonist 2,4-thiazolidinedione (TZD) improves (1) the response to subclinical mastitis and (2) milk fat production. Lactating goats received daily injections of 8 mg/kg BW of TZD or saline for 3 weeks. After one week of TZD injection, half of the goats in each group received intramammary infusion of Strep. uberis or saline in both halves for a total of 4 groups (n=6/group). TZD treatment did not affect milk fat but had positive effect on milk somatic cells count, blood nonesterified fatty acids, inflammatory markers, and liver function. TZD significantly increased myeloperoxidase but did not affect leukocytes phagocytosis or insulin. TZD increased adipocytes size and had minor effect on expression of PPARγ target genes in mammary epithelial cells but not in adipose tissue. Overall, TZD ameliorated the response to intramammary infection but the effect on milk fat synthesis and expression of related transcripts was less than expected.

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2,4-Thiazolidinedione in Well-Fed Lactating Dairy Goats: I. Effect on Adiposity and Milk Fat Synthesis

Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.3390/vetsci6020045 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 45 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shana Jaaf ◽

Fernanda Rosa ◽

Misagh Moridi ◽

Johan S. Osorio ◽

Jayant Lohakare ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Body Condition ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Pparγ Agonist ◽

Lactating Goats ◽

Fat Synthesis ◽

Milk Fat Synthesis

Background: In a prior experiment, treatment of goats with the putative PPARγ agonist 2,4-thiazolidinedione (2,4-TZD) did not affect milk fat or expression of milk-fat related genes. The lack of response was possibly due to deficiency of vitamin A and/or a poor body condition of the animals. In the present experiment, we tested the hypothesis that PPARγ activation affects milk fat synthesis in goats with a good body condition and receiving adequate levels of vitamin A. Methods: Lactating goats receiving a diet that met NRC requirements, including vitamin A, were injected with 8 mg/kg BW of 2,4-TZD (n = 6) or saline (n = 6; CTR) daily for 26 days. Blood metabolic profiling and milk yield and components were measured including fatty acid profile. Expression of genes related to glucose and lipid metabolism was measured in adipose tissue and in mammary epithelial cells (MEC). Size of adipocytes was assessed by histological analysis. Results: NEFA, BHBA, and fatty acids available in plasma decreased while glucose increased in 2,4-TZD vs. CTR. Size of cells and expression of insulin signaling and glucose metabolism-related genes were larger in 2,4-TZD vs. CTR in adipose tissue. In MEC, expression of SCD1 and desaturation of stearate was lower in 2,4-TZD vs. CTR. Conclusions: Overall data revealed a lack of PPARγ activation by 2,4-TZD and no effect on milk fat synthesis despite a strong anti-lipolysis effect on adipose tissue.

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A Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplement Containing Trans-10, Cis-12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Reduces Milk Fat Synthesis in Lactating Goats

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2008-1071 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 91 (9) ◽

pp. 3291-3299 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

A.L. Lock ◽

M. Rovai ◽

T.A. Gipson ◽

M.J. de Veth ◽

D.E. Bauman

Keyword(s):

Linoleic Acid ◽

Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Acid Supplement ◽

Lactating Goats ◽

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplement ◽

Fat Synthesis ◽

Milk Fat Synthesis

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Screening and Joint Analysis of Key lncRNAs for Milk Fat Metabolism in Dairy Cows

10.21203/rs.3.rs-495669/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tong Mu ◽

Honghong Hu ◽

Xiaofang Feng ◽

Yanfen Ma ◽

Ying Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Regulatory Network ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Target Genes ◽

Fat Metabolism ◽

Enrichment Analysis ◽

Joint Analysis ◽

Differential Gene ◽

Fat Synthesis ◽

Milk Fat Synthesis

Abstract Background: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important regulatory role in various biological processes as a key regulatory factor. However, there are largely unknown for the function and expression profile of lncRNAs in milk fat synthesis of dairy cows. Results: In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to research the whole genome expression of lncRNAs and mRNA transcripts in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) of dairy cows with high and low milk fat percentage (MFP), and joint analysis was carried out. We identified a total of 47 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 38 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs, Padj < 0.05), 11 candidate DEGs that may regulate milk fat metabolism were screened by enrichment analysis. Downregulated differential gene ENPP2 and upregulated differential gene BCAT1 are more likely to participate in the milk fat metabolism, and its function needs further experiments verification. The enrichment analysis of target genes predicted by DELs identified 7 cis (co-localization) and 10 trans (co-expression) candidate target genes related to milk lipid metabolism, corresponding to a total of 18 DELs. Among them, the targeting relationship between long intervening/intergenic noncoding RNA (lincRNA) TCONS_00082721 and FABP4 gene that predicts milk fat metabolism by co-localization and co-expression is worthy of attention. Based on the expression information of DELs, differential microRNAs (miRNAs), and lipid metabolism-related target genes, 156 competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) interaction regulation networks related to milk fat metabolism were constructed. The regulatory network centered on miR-145 will be the focus of subsequent experimental research. The ceRNAs regulatory network related to TCONS_00082721 and TCONS_00172817 are more likely to be involved in milk fat synthesis. Conclusions: These results will provide new ways to understand the complex biology of dairy cow milk fat synthesis and provide valuable information for the breed improvement of Chinese Holstein cattle.

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The Effects of a Hyperinsulinemic-Euglycemic Clamp on Milk Fat Synthesis and the Expression of Fat Synthesis-Related Genes in the Mammary Gland Tissues of Lactating Goats

Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology ◽

10.4236/abb.2016.74020 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 07 (04) ◽

pp. 214-224

Author(s):

Xueyan Lin ◽

Guimei Liu ◽

Yabin Zhang ◽

Zhengui Yan ◽

Qiuling Hou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mammary Gland ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Euglycemic Clamp ◽

Hyperinsulinemic Euglycemic Clamp ◽

Lactating Goats ◽

Fat Synthesis ◽

Milk Fat Synthesis

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Effect of calcium salts of a mixture of conjugated linoleic acids containingtrans-10,cis-12 in the diet on milk fat synthesis in goats

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114508051696 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 101 (7) ◽

pp. 1006-1019 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Kevin J. Shingfield ◽

Jacques Rouel ◽

Yves Chilliard

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Milk Fat ◽

De Novo ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Latin Square ◽

Dietary Fatty Acids ◽

Calcium Salts ◽

Lactating Goats ◽

Fat Synthesis ◽

Milk Fat Synthesis

Dietary supplements of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) containingtrans-10,cis-12 CLA decrease milk fat secretion in the lactating cow and sheep, but their effects on mammary lipogenesis in the goat are less well defined. Eight lactating goats were used in two 4 × 4 Latin-square experiments with 14 d experimental periods to examine the effects of calcium salts of CLA methyl esters (CaCLA) containingtrans-10,cis-12 on milk fat synthesis. Experimental treatments consisted of incremental inclusion of 0, 30, 60 or 90 g of CaCLA/d (corresponding to 7·47, 14·9 and 22·4 g/d oftrans-10,cis-12 CLA) offered during the first 10 d of each experimental period that replaced maize grain in concentrates (Experiment 1) or calcium salts of palm oil fatty acids (Experiment 2). Relative to the control, inclusion of 30, 60 or 90 g CaCLA/d in the diet reduced milk fat yield by 19·8, 27·9 and 32·3 % and 17·5, 39·0 and 49·3 % in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Decreases in milk fat were due to reductions in the secretion of fatty acids synthesisedde novorather than the uptake of fatty acids from the peripheral circulation. Indirect comparisons with the studies in the lactating cow indicated a lower efficacy of CaCLA supplements on mammary lipogenesis in the goat. In conclusion, CaCLA in the diet inhibits milk fat synthesis in the goat, responses that are dependent on the supply of dietary fatty acids, with evidence that the caprine is less sensitive to the anti-lipogenic effects oftrans-10,cis-12 CLA compared with the bovine or ovine.

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Identification of the conjugated linoleic acid isomer that inhibits milk fat synthesis

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.2000.278.1.r179 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 278 (1) ◽

pp. R179-R184 ◽

Cited By ~ 223

Author(s):

Lance H. Baumgard ◽

Benjamin A. Corl ◽

Debra A. Dwyer ◽

A. Saebø ◽

Dale E. Bauman

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Milk Fat ◽

De Novo ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Latin Square ◽

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomer ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽

Fat Synthesis ◽

Milk Fat Synthesis

Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are octadecadienoic fatty acids that have profound effects on lipid metabolism. Our previous work showed that CLA (mixture of isomers) markedly reduced milk fat synthesis. In this study, our objective was to evaluate the effects of specific CLA isomers. Multiparous Holstein cows were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design, and treatments were 4-day abomasal infusions of 1) skim milk (control), 2) 9,11 CLA supplement, and 3) 10,12 CLA supplement. CLA supplements provided 10 g/day of the specific CLA isomer ( cis-9, trans-11 or trans-10, cis-12). Treatments had no effect on intake, milk yield, or milk protein yield. Only the 10,12 CLA supplement affected milk fat, causing a 42 and 44% reduction in milk fat percentage and yield, respectively. Milk fat composition revealed that de novo synthesized fatty acids were extensively reduced. Increases in ratios of C14:0 to C14:1 and C18:0to C18:1 indicated the 10,12 CLA supplement also altered Δ9-desaturase. Treatments had minimal effects on plasma concentrations of glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, insulin, or insulin-like growth factor-I. Overall, results demonstrate that trans-10, cis-12 CLA is the isomer responsible for inhibition of milk fat synthesis.

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