scholarly journals Microfluidic Droplet Array as Optical Irises Actuated via Electrowetting

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Strassner ◽  
Carina Heisel ◽  
Dominic Palm ◽  
Henning Fouckhardt
Keyword(s):  
Water Droplet ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Vertical Movement ◽  
Operating Voltage ◽  
Fluid Sample ◽  
Electrowetting On Dielectric ◽  
Upright Standing ◽  
Droplet Array ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Minimum Operating

Initiated by a task in tunable microoptics, but not limited to this application, a microfluidic droplet array in an upright standing module with 3 × 3 subcells and droplet actuation via electrowetting is presented. Each subcell is filled with a single (of course transparent) water droplet, serving as a movable iris, surrounded by opaque blackened decane. Each subcell measures 1 × 1 mm2 and incorporates 2 × 2 quadratically arranged positions for the droplet. All 3 × 3 droplets are actuated synchronously by electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD). The droplet speed is up to 12 mm/s at 130 V (Vrms) with response times of about 40 ms. Minimum operating voltage is 30 V. Horizontal and vertical movement of the droplets is demonstrated. Furthermore, a minor modification of the subcells allows us to exploit the flattening of each droplet. Hence, the opaque decane fluid sample can cover each water droplet and render each subcell opaque, resulting in switchable irises of constant opening diameter. The concept does not require any mechanically moving parts or external pumps.

Estimation of minimum operating voltage in fully depleted SOI SRAM cells using gamma distribution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongkuan Yu ◽  
Tomoko Mizutani ◽  
Kiyoshi Takeuchi ◽  
Takuya Saraya ◽  
Masaharu Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Distribution ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Operating Voltage ◽  
Access Memory ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Fully Depleted ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Minimum Operating ◽  
Log Normal Distribution

Abstract Minimum operating voltages (Vmin) of every cell on a 32kb fully-depleted (FD) SOI static random access memory (SRAM) macro are successfully measured. The competing Vmin distribution models, which include the gamma and log-normal distribution, are approximated using the generalized gamma distribution (GENG). It is found that Vmin of the cells follow the gamma distribution. This finding gives a simple method to estimate worst Vmin of an SRAM macro by measuring few samples and make linear extrapolation from the gamma distribution.

Minimum Operating Voltage Prediction in Production Test Using Accumulative Learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Ting Kuo ◽  
Wei-Chen Lin ◽  
Chun Chen ◽  
Chao-Ho Hsieh ◽  
James Chien-Mo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Test ◽  
Operating Voltage ◽  
Minimum Operating

Circuit-Level Modeling of SRAM Minimum Operating Voltage Vddmin in the C40 Node

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Ciampolini ◽  
Siddharth Gupta ◽  
Olivier Callen ◽  
Amit Chhabra ◽  
Dibya Dipti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Voltage ◽  
Minimum Operating

scholarly journals Reversible ultralow-voltage liquid–liquid electrowetting without a dielectric layer

2017 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico E. A. Cousens ◽  
Anthony R. J. Kucernak
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Electrolyte Concentration ◽  
Solid Metal ◽  
Electrolyte Composition ◽  
Operating Voltage ◽  
Reversible Change ◽  
Electrowetting On Dielectric ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Dielectric Devices ◽  
First Time

Electrowetting-on-dielectric devices typically have operating voltages of 10–20 V. A reduction in the operating voltage could greatly reduce the energy consumption of these devices. Herein, fully reversible one-electrolyte electrowetting of a droplet on a solid metal surface is reported for the first time. A reversible change of 29° for an 800 mV step is achieved. The effects of surface roughness, electrolyte composition, electrolyte concentration and droplet composition are investigated. It was found that there is a dramatic dependence of the reversibility and hysteresis of the system on these parameters, contrary to theoretical predictions. When a 3-chloro-1-propanol droplet is used, a system with no hysteresis and a 40° change in angle are obtained.

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