Promising Biosurfactant Produced byCunninghamella echinulataUCP 1299 Using Renewable Resources and Its Application in Cotton Fabric Cleaning Process

A biosurfactant was produced fromCunninghamella echinulatausing sustainable technology for cleaning and degreasing of cotton fabric impregnated with burned motor oil. The surface tension was 32.4 mN/m on a medium containing instant noodle waste (2%), corn steep liquor (2%), and postfrying oil (0.5%) with a carbon/nitrogen ratio of 30 : 1, yield of 6.0 g·L−1, emulsifier index of 81.4%, and dispersant property of 32.15 cm2. The biosurfactant produced is a glycolipid constituted by carbohydrate (47.7%) and lipids (50.0%). The structure was confirmed by GC-MS (stearic acid in predominance with mass of 298 m/z), FTIR spectroscopy (polysaccharides in bands between 1025 and 1152 cm−1and fatty acids in bands between 2057 and 3100 cm−1), 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectrum (carbohydrates in signal of 4.38 ppm and 77.0 ppm). The properties of cleaning and degreasing of burned engine oil in cotton fabric by biosurfactant ofC. echinulatawas evidenced by removal of 86% of oil. After use of the biosurfactant, the fibers were not damaged, which is important for structural integrity of cotton fabric after the wash. In addition, the biosurfactant did not show toxic effect. This study suggests that the biosurfactant fromC. echinulatacan be used in formulation of textile detergents, in particular for removal of hydrophobic residues from the automobile industry.

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Effects of Organic Fertilizer on Bok Choy Growth and Quality in Hydroponic Cultures

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11030491 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 491

Author(s):

Kazuki Kano ◽

Hiroaki Kitazawa ◽

Keitaro Suzuki ◽

Ani Widiastuti ◽

Hiromitsu Odani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Root ◽

Oxygen Deficiency ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Corn Steep Liquor ◽

Ascorbic Acid Content ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽

Nitrogen Ratio ◽

Steep Liquor

Effects of corn steep liquor (organic fertilizer, OF) and conventional chemical fertilizer (CF) on the growth and yield of bok choy (Brassica rapa var. chinensis) in summer and autumn hydroponic growing systems were compared. When OF and CF were applied with the same amount of total nitrogen in summer cultivation, there was no significant difference between yields; however, the growth rate in OF was slower than in CF. When OF was applied with twice the amount of nitrogen in CF (OF2), bok choy growth and yield were significantly inhibited in summer cultivation, likely owing to dissolved oxygen deficiency and different rates of nitrification and nitrogen absorbance by the plant root. Although the contents of potassium, calcium, and magnesium in bok choy showed no difference among the three treatments in both cultivation seasons, the carbon/nitrogen ratio tended to be higher in OF and OF2 than in CF. Lower nitric acid and higher ascorbic acid content was found in OF and OF2 than in CF. Overall, our results suggest that a comparable yield is expected by using the same nitrogen amount with a conventional recipe of chemical fertilization in autumn cultivation. However, further improvement of hydroponic management is needed in summer cultivation.

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Eco-Friendly Bioemulsifier Production by Mucor circinelloides UCP0001 Isolated from Mangrove Sediments Using Renewable Substrates for Environmental Applications

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom10030365 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 365 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nathália S. A. A. Marques ◽

Israel G. Sales da Silva ◽

Davi L. Cavalcanti ◽

Patrícia C. S. V. Maia ◽

Vanessa P. Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Canola Oil ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Corn Steep Liquor ◽

Mucor Circinelloides ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Engine Oil ◽

Extreme Conditions ◽

Linear Quadratic ◽

Statistical Validation ◽

Steep Liquor

The successful production of a biosurfactant is dependent on the development of processes using low cost raw materials. In the present work, an economically attractive medium composed of corn steep liquor and waste cooking oil was formulated to maximize the production of bioemulsifier by Mucor circinelloides UCP0001. A central rotational composite design was applied to statistical validation of the production. The emulsifying properties, stability under extreme conditions, its toxicity character, and the characterization of the bioemulsifier were determined. The best condition for biomolecule synthesis occurred in the assay 2 containing 4% of corn steep liquor and 3% waste soybean oil and exhibited 100% emulsification index for canola oil and petroleum, as well as excellent emulsifying activity for canola oil and burned engine oil. The nutritional factors studied showed statistical relevance, since all linear, quadratic effects and their interactions were significant. The bioemulsifier showed 2.69 g/L yield and the chemical character of the molecule structure was identified by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared) spectroscopy. The bioemulsifier showed no toxicity to Artemia salina and Chlorella vulgaris. Stable emulsions were obtained under extreme conditions of temperature, pH, and salinity. These findings contribute to understanding of the relationship between production, physical properties, chemical composition, and stability of bioemulsifier for their potential applications in biotechnology, such as bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil and water.

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Production of a Biosurfactant by Cunninghamella echinulata Using Renewable Substrates and Its Applications in Enhanced Oil Spill Recovery

Colloids and Interfaces ◽

10.3390/colloids2040063 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 63 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Patrícia de Souza ◽

Nadielly Andrade Silva ◽

Daniele Souza ◽

Thayse Lima e Silva ◽

Marta Freitas-Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Tension ◽

Soybean Oil ◽

Corn Steep Liquor ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Engine Oil ◽

Variable Response ◽

Cunninghamella Echinulata ◽

Marine Sand ◽

Wide Range ◽

Steep Liquor

This study aimed to evaluate the production of a surfactant by Cunninghamella echinulata, using agro-industrial residues, corn steep liquor (CSL), and soybean oil waste (SOW). The study had a factorial design, using as a variable response to the reduction of surface tension. C. echinulata was able to produce biosurfactant in assay, CSL (8.82%) and SOW (2%). The results showed that the biosurfactant was successfully produced by C. echinulata and had attractive properties, such as a low surface tension (31.7 mN/m), a yield of 5.18 g/L at 120 h of cultivation, and an anionic profile. It also achieved a reduction in surface tension stability in a wide range of pH values, temperatures, and salinity values. The biosurfactant produced by C. echinulata showed an absence of toxicity to Artemia salina. The influence of the biosurfactant on the viscosity of engine oil, burnt engine oil, diesel, soybean oil post-frying, canola oil, and water was investigated. The results reveal a mechanism for the decrease of the viscosity using hydrophobic substrates and the new biosurfactant solution at 1.5% of the (CMC). This enables the formulation of a low-cost culture medium alternative, based on corn steep liquor and the reuse of soybean oil after frying to produce a biosurfactant. Additionally, performance of the biosurfactant isolated from C. echinulata showed an excellent ability to remove spilled oil, such as diesel (98.7%) and kerosene (92.3%) from marine sand.

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Environmental significance of atrazine in aqueous systems and its removal by biological processes: an overview

Global NEST Journal ◽

10.30955/gnj.000306 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 159-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Ground Water ◽

Water Environment ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Biological Degradation ◽

Environmental Significance ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽

Nitrogen Ratio ◽

Living Organisms

Atrazine, a chlorinated s-triazine group of herbicide is one of the most widely used pesticides in the World. Due to its extensive use, long half-life and various toxic properties, it has very high environmental significance. Up to 22 mg l-1 of atrazine was found in ground water whereas permissible limit of atrazine is in ppb level in drinking water. As per Indian standard there should not be any pesticide present in drinking water. Among many other treatment processes available, Incineration, adsorption, chemical treatment, phytoremediation and biodegradation are the most commonly used ones. Biological degradation of atrazine depends upon various factors like the operating environment, external carbon and nitrogen sources, carbon/ nitrogen ratio (C/N), water content and the bacterial strain. Although, general atrazine degradation pathways are available, the specific pathways in specific conditions are not yet clearly defined. In this paper extensive review has been made on the occurrence of atrazine in surface and ground water bodies, probable sources and causes of its occurrence in water environment, the toxicity of atrazine on various living organisms and its removal by biological processes.

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The Organic Matter and Nitrogen Content and Carbon-Nitrogen Ratio of Cecil Soil as Influenced by Different Cropping Systems on Classes II, III, and IV Land

Soil Science Society of America Journal ◽

10.2136/sssaj1950.036159950014000c0046x ◽

1950 ◽

Vol 14 (C) ◽

pp. 203-208

Author(s):

G. W. Gosdin ◽

Matthias Stelly ◽

W. E Adams

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Nitrogen Content ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽

Nitrogen Ratio

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Enhancement of wastewater nutrient removal at low carbon/nitrogen ratio using a submerged membrane electro-bioreactor

International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology ◽

10.1007/s13762-020-03056-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

S. Ibeid ◽

M. Elektorowicz

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Removal ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽

Nitrogen Ratio

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Effects of corn steep liquor on β-poly(l-malic acid) production in Aureobasidium melanogenum

AMB Express ◽

10.1186/s13568-020-01147-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Genan Wang ◽

Bingyi Shi ◽

Pan Zhang ◽

Tingbin Zhao ◽

Haisong Yin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Malic Acid ◽

Low Cost ◽

Corn Steep Liquor ◽

Enrichment Analysis ◽

Tca Cycle ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

The Tca Cycle ◽

Steep Liquor ◽

Aureobasidium Melanogenum

Abstractβ-poly(l-malic acid) (PMLA) is a water-soluble biopolymer used in medicine, food, and other industries. However, the low level of PMLA biosynthesis in microorganisms limits its further application in the biotechnological industry. In this study, corn steep liquor (CSL), which processes high nutritional value and low-cost characteristics, was selected as a growth factor to increase the PMLA production in strain, Aureobasidium melanogenum, and its metabolomics change under the CSL addition was investigated. The results indicated that, with 3 g/L CSL, PMLA production, cell growth, and yield (Yp/x) were increased by 32.76%, 41.82%, and 47.43%, respectively. The intracellular metabolites of A. melanogenum, such as amino acids, organic acids, and key intermediates in the TCA cycle, increased after the addition of CSL, and the enrichment analysis showed that tyrosine may play a major role in the PMLA biosynthesis. The results presented in this study demonstrated that the addition of CSL would be an efficient approach to improve PMLA production.

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