scholarly journals Annual Variation in Soil Enzyme Activity in a Paddy Field: Soil Temperature and Nutrient Availability Are Important for Controlling Enzyme Activities

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Kunito ◽  
Takashi Shiroma ◽  
Hitoshi Moro ◽  
Hirotaka Sumi
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Allocation Model ◽  
Total N ◽  
Glucosidase Activity

Annual variations in enzyme activities involved in carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) cycling and soil physicochemical properties were examined in a Japanese paddy field. All the enzyme activities determined at the field soil temperature (range, 2.2°C–28.3°C) increased exponentially with soil temperature (p<0.001). Significant negative correlations were found between Bray-2P concentration and the ratio of acid phosphatase to β-D-glucosidase activity (Spearman r = −0.631, p = 0.005) and between total N and the ratio of L-asparaginase to β-D-glucosidase activity (r = −0.612, p=0.007), suggesting that in accordance with the resource allocation model, acid phosphatase and L-asparaginase were synthesized by microorganisms depending on the temporal changes in soil P and N availability. These results suggest the significance of soil temperature in controlling in situ enzyme activities in paddy soil and also that the stoichiometry of enzyme activities associated with C, N, and P acquisition reflects the soil nutrient availability.

Liming improves soil microbial growth, but trash blanket placement increases labile carbon and nitrogen availability in a sugarcane soil of subtropical Australia

Soil Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Y. Liu ◽  
M. Rezaei Rashti ◽  
M. Esfandbod ◽  
B. Powell ◽  
C. R. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Microbial

Liming has been widely used to decrease soil acidity, but its effects on soil nitrogen (N) availability and microbial processes in sugarcane fields are largely unknown. Adjacent sugarcane soils at 26 months after liming (26ML), 14 months after liming (14ML) and with no lime amendment (CK) in Bundaberg, Australia, were selected to investigate the effect of liming on soil N bioavailability and microbial activity in a long-term subtropical sugarcane cropping system. Liming in both 14ML and 26ML treatments significantly increased soil pH (by 1.2–1.4 units) and exchangeable Ca2+ (>2-fold) compared with the CK treatment. The lower concentrations of hot water extractable organic carbon (C) and total N and ammonium-N in the 14ML, compared with the CK and 26ML treatments, can be attributed to the absence of trash blanket placement in the former. Enhanced microbial immobilisation due to improved soil pH by liming (14ML and 26ML treatments) led to increased soil microbial biomass C and N, particularly in the presence of a trash blanket (26 ML treatment), but decreased soil respiration and metabolic quotient indicated that acidic stress conditions were alleviated in the liming treatments. Soil pH was the main factor governing soil enzyme activities, with an overall decrease in all enzyme activities in response to liming. Overall, liming and trash blanket practices improved sugarcane soil fertility. Further study is warranted to investigate the shifts in soil microbial community composition and the diversity and abundance of N-associated functional genes in response to liming in sugarcane fields.

scholarly journals Soil CO2 Emission under Different Tillage Practices in Major Soils of Kerala

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
S. Toufeeq ◽  
D. Dhalin ◽  
Seena R. Subhagan ◽  
Dipak S. Khatawkar ◽  
B. Aparna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Paddy Field Soil

International responsibility is increasing in India to adopt a more pro-active role in greenhouse gas emission. Hence, it is important to develop a clear understanding of our emission inventory towards reducing Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Soils are an important pool of active carbon and tillage can lead to carbon emission from agricultural soils. This study assess the quantity of CO2 release from three major soils (red loam, coastal sandy and paddy field soil) of Kerala under different tillage practices(conventional, with cultivator and with rotovator) and to optimize the tillage practices with minimum CO2 emission. The CO2emission from soil surfaces was measured using base trap method with Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as base. The influence of soil temperature, soil moisture content, organic matter in soil, soil pH, bulk density, atmospheric temperature and relative humidity on CO2 emission was assessed. The conventional tillage resulted in the maximum CO2 emission followed by the tillage with cultivator and the least value was observed when tilled with rotovator. The maximum CO2 emission was observed in the paddy field soil followed by red loam and the least value was observed from the coastal sandy. The major quantity of CO2 was released just after the breakage of soil in all kind of tillage methods and became almost equal to the undisturbed condition after two hours of ploughing. The bulk density of soil was negatively correlated, organic carbon content was positively correlated, soil temperature was positively correlated and atmospheric temperature was positively correlated with CO2 emission from the red loam soil in all the tillage practices. No significant correlation was obtained between relative humidity and soil moisture with CO2emission.Tillage with rotovator contributed the minimum CO2 to atmosphere and significantly affects the concentration of CO2in the atmosphere, ultimately contribute in mitigation of global warming.

Soil nutrient availability and relationships with aboveground biomass production on postharvested upland white spruce sites in interior Alaska

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1223-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Paré ◽  
Keith Van Cleve
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Plant Biomass Production

Soil nutrient availability was assessed on unharvested white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) sites, on a recently harvested site and on 14-year-old postharvested sites stratified into four different regeneration types defined by surface soil conditions and colonizing species. These values were compared with field aboveground biomass production that had been estimated in a previous study and with biomass production of bioassay seedlings. All sites were upland and south facing. On this range of sites, laboratory net N mineralization was the soil characteristic that was the most strongly associated with plant growth in the field as well as in the greenhouse bioassay. The significance of this relationship was mainly caused by the presence of sites regenerating to aspen (Populustremuloides Michx.) which showed high plant biomass production and high soil N availability. Total soil N content, cumulative field soil temperature and soil moisture content were poorly related to N mineralization estimates and to plant biomass production. Soil temperature had an effect on N mineralization and plant growth only when sites where the forest floor had been scraped during the harvesting operations, were included in the computations. Despite a higher soil temperature, these sites showed decreased N mineralization rates and decreased plant biomass production. These results suggest that on south facing postharvested white spruce sites (i) soil temperature does not show enough variability to be an important factor controlling nutrient availability and plant growth unless the soil is severely disturbed, (ii) the rate of N mineralization is controlled by a small pool of rapidly cycling N which is poorly related to forest floor total N concentrations, and (iii) N availability and vegetation production vary with regeneration type.

Bacteria diversity in paddy field soil by 16S rDNA-RFLP analysis in Ningxia

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Jianping ◽  
Dong Naiyuan ◽  
Yu Haobin ◽  
Zhou Yongjun ◽  
Lu Yongliang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rdna ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Bacteria Diversity ◽  
Paddy Field Soil

Top-down effects of protists are greater than bottom-up effects of fertilisers on the formation of bacterial communities in a paddy field soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 108186
Author(s):  
Rasit Asiloglu ◽  
Kobayashi Kenya ◽  
Solomon Oloruntoba Samuel ◽  
Bahar Sevilir ◽  
Jun Murase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Field ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Paddy Field Soil

Decrease of 4,5,6,7-Tetrachlorophthalide in Paddy Field Soil After Aerial Application

2008 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Iwashita ◽  
T. Maeda ◽  
T. Hori ◽  
T. Asada ◽  
K. Oikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Field ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Aerial Application ◽  
Paddy Field Soil

Analysis the Influence of the Thermal Diffusivity of the Soil around Buried Pipe on Soil Physical Property

2013 ◽  
Vol 805-806 ◽  
pp. 552-556
Author(s):  
Ying Xu ◽  
Xiao Yan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Field ◽  
Thermal Diffusivity ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Buried Pipeline ◽  
Buried Pipe ◽  
Soil Physical Property ◽  
Natural Temperature

In chilliness area, the temperature drop of oil in buried pipeline is affected by soil temperature field, and the thermal diffusivity is one of the main of physical property the soil, which affects the temperature drop of oil directly. This paper introduced the test principle of the thermal diffusivity of soil, and researched the influence of thermal diffusivity of soil on the soil physical property, such as soil natural temperature field, soil frozen days, depth of freezing and temperature delay, which can offer theory support for the calculation of hot oil temperature drop in buried pipeline.

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