scholarly journals Numerical and Analytical Calculations for Modeling and Designing Drilling Wicks or Rotary Cutters Based of Functionally Graded Materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Luc Leroy Mambou Ngueyep ◽  
Joseph Ndop ◽  
Elise Rose Atangana Nkene ◽  
Jean-Marie Bienvenu Ndjaka
Keyword(s):  
Hollow Cylinder ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Graded Materials ◽  
Tangential Stresses ◽  
Drilling Tools ◽  
Graded Material ◽  
Tangential Forces ◽  
Power Law Function ◽  
Distribution Of Stress

Drilling tools or drilling pipes, such as drill bit and mill drill, are often subjected to various forces, including essentially tangential forces, centered on their axis of rotation. The main objective of this work is to find analytical and numerical solutions of the distribution of stress field, deformation, and displacement, when such tools are subjected to such forces. It will be assumed that the instrument in the chosen model in this work is a rotating hollow cylinder constructed from a Functional Graded Material (FGM). Because of the graduation of the FGM, the mechanical and elastic properties such as Young’s modulus, density, and Poisson’s ratio vary in the radial direction according to a power law function. By choosing that the inhomogeneity parameter is between -0.5 and 0.5, we have established the differential equation which describes the equilibrium of the hollow cylinder in rotation under an axial load. The calculations performed have allowed finding an analytical solution which was compared with numerical solutions obtained by using the shooting method and the fourth-order Runge-Kutta algorithm. These analytical and numerical results have shown that the values of tangential stresses are greater than the radial stresses. The radial stresses and tangential and vertical stresses progressively increase with the axial force Fz. The force Fz affects more tangential stresses that the radial stresses. The tangential stress, tangential deformations, and displacements are higher on the inner walls of the cylinder than on the exterior surfaces. The results obtained are very important and can be applied in the modeling and designing wicks and drilling strawberries in order to reduce their rapid wear and damage.

Asymmetric thermo-elastic analysis of long cylindrical shells of functionally graded materials by differential quadrature method

2011 ◽  
Vol 226 (5) ◽  
pp. 1133-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Akbari Alashti ◽  
M Khorsand ◽  
M H Tarahhomi
Keyword(s):  
Cylindrical Shell ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Differential Quadrature Method ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Differential Quadrature ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Elastic Analysis ◽  
Graded Materials ◽  
Graded Material ◽  
Power Law Function

Asymmetric thermo-elastic analysis of a long cylindrical shell made of functionally graded material under the effect of thermo-mechanical loadings is carried out. Material properties of the cylindrical shell are assumed to be graded in the radial direction according to a power law function, while the Poisson's ratio is assumed to be constant. Numerical solutions of displacement, stress, and temperature fields are obtained using the Fourier and polynomial differential quadrature methods. The results are compared with the reported analytical solutions which are found to be in very good agreement. The cylindrical shell is considered to be under the effect of both axisymmetric and asymmetric loading conditions. Effects of grading parameter, temperature difference, and the ratio of the outer to inner radii of the cylindrical shell on stresses, displacement, and temperature fields are presented.

Thermoelastic dynamic response for a long functionally graded hollow cylinder

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Liang Dai ◽  
Yan-Ni Rao ◽  
Hao-Jie Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Hollow Cylinder ◽  
Functionally Graded Material ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Internal Heat Source ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Graded Materials ◽  
Graded Material

In this paper, a novel numerical method is presented to analyze the thermoelastic dynamic response of a long hollow cylinder made of functionally graded materials under radially symmetric dynamic mechanical and thermal loadings. That is utilizing finite difference method and Newmark method to solve the governing equation. The material of the functionally graded material hollow cylinder is assumed to change continuously along the thickness according to power-law distribution, except for a constant Poisson’s ratio, and the thermal boundary condition without internal heat source is considered. Comparisons between this paper’s results and the corresponding analytical results validate the solution proposed in this paper. Finally, the functionally graded material hollow cylinder under constant load and impulsive load are discussed in detail and many valuable thermoelastic dynamic characteristics are revealed.

Relationship between Bending Solutions of FGM and Homogenous Circular Cylindrical Shells

2013 ◽  
Vol 353-356 ◽  
pp. 3236-3242
Author(s):  
Ze Qing Wan ◽  
Shi Rong Li
Keyword(s):  
Cylindrical Shell ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Circular Cylindrical Shell ◽  
Cylindrical Shells ◽  
Continuous Functions ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Graded Materials ◽  
Graded Material ◽  
Circular Cylindrical Shells

Based on the Loves shell theory, relationship between bending solutions of functionally graded materials (FGM) and homogenous circular cylindrical shells was studied. By comparing the displacement-type governing equations for axially symmetrically bending of FGM and homogenous circular cylindrical shells, an analogous transform relation between the deflections of FGM circular cylindrical shell and those of homogenous one was obtained. By giving the material properties of FGM circular cylindrical shell changing as continuous functions in the thickness direction, the corresponding transition factor between the solutions of the two kind circular cylindrical shells were derived, which reflect the non-uniform properties of the functionally graded material circular cylindrical shell. Numerical example shows that the numerical solutions of the maximum of non-dimensional deflections are almost in agreement with the transformational solutions whennequals approximately 5, wherenis the volume fraction index. As a result, solutions for axially symmetrically bending of a non-homogenous circular cylindrical shell can be reduced to that of a homogenous one and the calculation of the transformation factors.

scholarly journals Thermoelastic analysis of FGM hollow cylinder for variable parameters and temperature distributions using FEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 256-264
Author(s):  
Dinkar Sharma ◽  
Ramandeep Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Stress Field ◽  
Hollow Cylinder ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Axial Stress ◽  
Circumferential Stress ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Gradient Index ◽  
Variable Parameters ◽  
Graded Material ◽  
Governing Differential Equation

AbstractThis paper presents, numerical study of stress field in functionally graded material (FGM) hollow cylinder by using finite element method (FEM). The FGM cylinder is subjected to internal pressure and uniform heat generation. Thermoelastic material properties of FGM cylinder are assumed to vary along radius of cylinder as an exponential function of radius. The governing differential equation is solved numerically by FEM for isotropic and anistropic hollow cylinder. Additionally, the effect of material gradient index (β) on normalized radial stresses, normalized circumferential stress and normalized axial stress are evaluated and shown graphically. The behaviour of stress versus normalized radius of cylinder is plotted for different values of Poisson’s ratio and temperature. The graphical results shown that stress field in FGM cylinder is influenced by some of above mentioned parameters.

The Elastic-Viscoelastic Correspondence Principle for Functionally Graded Materials, Revisited

2003 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mukherjee ◽  
Glaucio H. Paulino
Keyword(s):  
Functionally Graded Materials ◽  
Functionally Graded Material ◽  
Correspondence Principle ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Graded Materials ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Graded Material ◽  
Nonhomogeneous Materials ◽  
Exponentially Graded

Paulino and Jin [Paulino, G. H., and Jin, Z.-H., 2001, “Correspondence Principle in Viscoelastic Functionally Graded Materials,” ASME J. Appl. Mech., 68, pp. 129–132], have recently shown that the viscoelastic correspondence principle remains valid for a linearly isotropic viscoelastic functionally graded material with separable relaxation (or creep) functions in space and time. This paper revisits this issue by addressing some subtle points regarding this result and examines the reasons behind the success or failure of the correspondence principle for viscoelastic functionally graded materials. For the inseparable class of nonhomogeneous materials, the correspondence principle fails because of an inconsistency between the replacements of the moduli and of their derivatives. A simple but informative one-dimensional example, involving an exponentially graded material, is used to further clarify these reasons.

Incremental Melting and Solidification Process/Mechanical Characterization of Functionally Graded Al-Si Alloys

2008 ◽  
Vol 587-588 ◽  
pp. 400-404
Author(s):  
P. Pinto ◽  
L. Mazare ◽  
Delfim Soares ◽  
F.S. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Functionally Graded Materials ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Solidification Process ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Graded Materials ◽  
Graded Material ◽  
Gradual Variation ◽  
Melting And Solidification

The Incremental Melting and Solidification Process (IMSP) is a relatively new field for material processing for the production of functionally graded materials. In this process a controlled liquid bath is maintained at the top of the component where new materials are added changing the components composition. Thus, a functionally graded material is obtained with a varying composition along one direction of the component. This paper deals with the influence of one of the process parameters, namely displacement rates between heating coil and mould, in order to evaluate its influence on both metallurgical and mechanical properties of different Al-Si alloys. Hardness and phase distribution, along the main castings axis, were measured. To better assess and characterize the process, two different Al-Si alloys with and without variation of chemical composition along the specimen were analysed. Results demonstrate that a gradual variation of metallurgical and mechanical properties along the component is obtained. It is also shown that Al-Si functionally graded materials can be produced by the incremental melting and solidification process. Results show that the displacement rate is very important on metallurgical and mechanical properties of the obtained alloy.

Задачи о дисперсии волн в неоднородных волноводах: методы решения (обзор). Часть I

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-260
Author(s):  
С. И. Жаворонок ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Functionally Graded Materials ◽  
Functionally Graded Material ◽  
Matrix Method ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Normal Wave ◽  
Wave Dispersion ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Graded Materials ◽  
Generalized Fourier Series ◽  
Graded Material

A brief review of the modern state-of-the art and tendencies of further development of various methods of solution of wave dispersion problems in heterogeneous functionally graded elastic waveguides is presented. Main types of functionally graded materials and structures, including gradient thon-walled structures, and their main engineering applications is discussed. The main difficulties of modelling of the stress-strain state of functionally graded shells and plates are pointed, as well as the possible ways to overcome such difficulties. The main theoretical bases of definition of effective constitutive constants of functionally graded materials and their possible estimates used in the practice are considered. Main dependencies of the effective constitutive constants of a functionally graded material on coordinates used for the mathematical modelling of the dynamics are also shown. The statement of the dynamics problem for a functionally graded waveguide and the appropriate statement of the normal wave dispersion problem are pointed. The presented Part I of the review consider some analytical methods of solution of dispersion problems, mainly the matrix ones based on the formulation of the steady dynamics problem in the image space as a first-order ordinary differential equations system. The state vectors corresponding to the useful Cauchy and Stroh formalisms are introduced, and the appropriate governing equations and the boundary conditions on waveguide’s faces are presented. Classical methods for solving the steady dynamics problem for a laminated waveguide are briefly described, which could be a basis for the further approximation of a functionally graded material by a system of layers with constant properties, i.e. the transfer matrix method, its main modifications developed to ensure the stability of calculations, and the global matrix method. Then, the intensively developed last 15 years reverberation matrix method, stiffness matrix method, and the Peano series method are discussed. Some key solutions of the wave dispersion problems for heterogeneous layers are presented; such solutions improve the efficiency of approximation of a functionally graded structure by a laminated one. The implicit solution of the general problem of steady dynamics for a waveguide with arbitrary gradation law is shown. The key features of the discussed matrix methods are pointed briefly as well as their main drawbacks. In the Part II, the main attention will be paid to methods of semi-analytical solution of dispersion problems based on the approximation of a waveguide by an equivalent system with a finite number of degrees of freedom: power series, generalized Fourier series, semi-analytical finite elements. spectral elements, as well as methods based on various theories of plates and shells.

Additive manufacturing of Inconel625-HSLA Steel functionally graded material by wire arc additive manufacturing

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 502
Author(s):  
Jiarong Zhang ◽  
Xinjie Di ◽  
Chengning Li ◽  
Xipeng Zhao ◽  
Lingzhi Ba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Primary Dendrite ◽  
Hsla Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Phase Evolution ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Graded Materials ◽  
Graded Material ◽  
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

Functional graded materials (FGMs) have been widely applied in many engineering fields, and are very potential to be the substitutions of dissimilar metal welding joints due to their overall performance. In this work, the Inconel625-high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) Steel FGM was fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). The chemical composition distribution, microstructure, phase evolution and mechanical properties of the FGM were examined. With the increasing of HSLA Steel, the chemical composition appeared graded distribution, and the primary dendrite spacing was largest in graded region with 20%HSLA Steel and then gradually decreased. And the main microstructure of the FGM transformed from columnar dendrites to equiaxed dendrites. Laves phase precipitated along dendrites boundary when the content of HSLA Steel was lower than 70% and Nb-rich carbides precipitated when the content of HSLA Steel exceeded to 70%. Microhardness and tensile strength gradually decreased with ascending content of HSLA Steel, and had a drastic improvement (159HV to 228HV and 355Mpa to 733Mpa) when proportion of HSLA Steel increased from 70% to 80%.

Bending and free vibration analyses of functionally graded material nanoplates via a novel nonlocal single variable shear deformation plate theory

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440622096452
Author(s):  
Le Kha Hoa ◽  
Pham Van Vinh ◽  
Nguyen Dinh Duc ◽  
Nguyen Thoi Trung ◽  
Le Truong Son ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Deformation ◽  
Functionally Graded Material ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Plate Thickness ◽  
Shear Deformation Theory ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Parameter Study ◽  
Graded Material

A novel nonlocal shear deformation theory is established to investigate functionally graded nanoplates. The significant benefit of this theory is that it consists of only one unknown variable in its displacement formula and governing differential equation, but it can take into account both the quadratic distribution of the shear strains and stresses through the plate thickness as well as the small-scale effects on nanostructures. The numerical solutions of simply supported rectangular functionally graded material nanoplates are carried out by applying the Navier procedure. To indicate the accuracy and convergence of this theory, the present solutions have been compared with other published results. Furthermore, a deep parameter study is also carried out to exhibit the influence of some parameters on the response of the functionally graded material nanoplates.

scholarly journals MULTILAYER COATINGS Ti/TiN, Cr/CrN AND W/WN DEPOSITED BY MAGNETRON SPUTTERING FOR IMPROVEMENT OF ADHESION TO BASE MATERIALS

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Horník ◽  
Stanislav Krum ◽  
David Tondl ◽  
Maxim Puchnin ◽  
Pavel Sachr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functionally Graded Materials ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Multilayer Coatings ◽  
Graded Materials ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Base Materials ◽  
Graded Layers ◽  
Graded Material

The paper deals with evaluation of single and multilayer layer PVD coatings based on Cr and Ti widely used in tool application. Additionally, W and WN based coating which are not so widespread were designed and deposited as functionally graded material. The coatings properties were evaluated from the point of view of hardness and adhesion. The hardness measuring was carried out using nanoindentation method. The scratch test was performed to test adhesion. Moreover, the presence of metallic interlayer in functionally graded materials further increases the coating adhesion by gradually approaching its composition to the substrate. Coatings consisting of W and WN have showed very good adhesion. With regard to the results of the scratch test, the multilayer coatings of CrN, TiN and WN have increased adhesion and can be assumed to have their protective function improved. Results will be appliedin development of functionally graded layers for functionally graded materials.

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