scholarly journals A Review on Melt-Pool Characteristics in Laser Welding of Metals

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Fotovvati ◽  
Steven F. Wayne ◽  
Gladius Lewis ◽  
Ebrahim Asadi
Keyword(s):  
Laser Welding ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Influence Of Process Parameters ◽  
Melt Pool ◽  
Modeling Studies ◽  
Melt Pool Characteristics ◽  
Validation Of Results ◽  
Metal Additive

Laser welding of metals involves with formation of a melt-pool and subsequent rapid solidification, resulting in alteration of properties and the microstructure of the welded metal. Understanding and predicting relationships between laser welding process parameters, such as laser speed and welding power, and melt-pool characteristics have been the subjects of many studies in literature because this knowledge is critical to controlling and improving laser welding. Recent advances in metal additive manufacturing processes have renewed interest in the melt-pool studies because in many of these processes, part fabrication involves small moving melt-pools. The present work is a critical review of the literature on experimental and modeling studies on laser welding, with the focus being on the influence of process parameters on geometry, thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, microstructure, and porosity characteristics of the melt-pool. These data may inform future experimental laser welding studies and may be used for verification and validation of results obtained in future melt-pool modeling studies.

Modelling of Thermal Quantities for Quick Process Assessment and Process Capability Space Refinement at an Early Design Phase During Laser Welding

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Mohan ◽  
Dariusz Ceglarek ◽  
Michael Auinger
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Laser Welding ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Thermal Cycle ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Process Capability ◽  
Peak Temperature ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Process Assessment

Abstract This research aims at understanding the impact of welding process parameters and beam oscillation on the weld thermal cycle during laser welding. A three-dimensional heat transfer model is developed to simulate the welding process, based on the finite element (FE) method. The calculated thermal cycle and weld morphology are in good agreement with experimental results from literature. By utilizing the developed heat transfer model, the effect of welding process parameters such as heat source power, welding speed, radius of oscillation, and frequency of oscillation on the intermediate performance indicators (IPIs) such as peak temperature, heat-affected zone volume (HAZ), and cooling rate is quantified. Parametric contour maps for peak temperature, HAZ volume, and cooling rate are developed for the estimation of the process capability space. An integrated approach for rapid process assessment, process capability space refinement, based on IPIs is proposed. The process capability space will guide the identification of the initial welding process parameters window and help in reducing the number of experiments required by refining the feasible region of process parameters based on the interactions with the IPIs. Here, the peak temperature indicates the mode of welding performed while the HAZ volume and cooling rate are weld quality indicators. The regression relationship between the welding process parameters and the IPIs is established for quick estimation of IPIs to replace time-consuming numerical simulations. The proposed approach provides a unique ability to simulate the laser welding process and provides a robust range of process parameters.

Effect of Process Parameters on Welding Variables during Linear Friction Welding of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

2011 ◽  
Vol 314-316 ◽  
pp. 979-983
Author(s):  
Tie Jun Ma ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Wen Ya Li
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Friction Welding ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Orthogonal Experimental Design ◽  
Linear Friction Welding ◽  
Influence Of Process Parameters ◽  
Linear Friction ◽  
Suitable Process ◽  
Axial Shortening

The orthogonal experimental design was conducted for linear friction welding of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy (TC4). The friction power and joint temperature were collected during the welding process. The influence of process parameters on the axial shortening was analyzed. The suitable process parameters were determined by investigating the joint appearance, the requirement of axial shortening and welding variables during welding. The results provide important reference for establishing process parameters of linear friction welding in practice.

scholarly journals Welding Process Optimization of WELDOX960 High Strength Steel

2018 ◽  
Vol 207 ◽  
pp. 04005
Author(s):  
Min Hu
Keyword(s):  
Penetration Depth ◽  
Process Optimization ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Welding Speed ◽  
High Strength Steel ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Welding Current ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Influence Of Process Parameters ◽  
Steel Analysis

This paper studies WELDOX960 high strength steel, analysis of the welding ability of WELDOX960 high strength steel. Analyze the weld ability of WELDOX960 high-strength steel materials, and study the influence of process parameters such as welding current, welding voltage, and welding speed on penetration depth and weld width in the automated welding process. Through this test, the welding process is optimized to ensure the weld quality. The results show that WELDOX960 high-strength steel adopts multi-layer and multi-pass welding to form better welds.

Effect of laser welding process parameters on dissimilar joints of AISI 316 and nickel 201

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 2964-2973 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Krishna Kumar ◽  
C. Velmurugan ◽  
R.S. Jayaram ◽  
M. Manikandan
Keyword(s):  
Laser Welding ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Dissimilar Joints ◽  
Aisi 316 ◽  
Laser Welding Process ◽  
Nickel 201

scholarly journals Deep Learning Approach of Energy Estimation Model of Remote Laser Welding

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jumyung Um ◽  
Ian Anthony Stroud ◽  
Yong-keun Park
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Laser Welding ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Technical Specification ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Remote Laser Welding

Due to concerns about energy use in production systems, energy-efficient processes have received much interest from the automotive industry recently. Remote laser welding is an innovative assembly process, but has a critical issue with the energy consumption. Robot companies provide only the average energy use in the technical specification, but process parameters such as robot movement, laser use, and welding path also affect the energy use. Existing literature focuses on measuring energy in standardized conditions in which the welding process is most frequently operated or on modularizing unified blocks in which energy can be estimated using simple calculations. In this paper, the authors propose an integrated approach considering both process variation and machine specification and multiple methods’ comparison. A deep learning approach is used for building the neural network integrated with the effects of process parameters and machine specification. The training dataset used is experimental data measured from a remote laser welding robot producing a car back door assembly. The proposed estimation model is compared with a linear regression approach and shows higher accuracy than other methods.

Linear Friction Welding of IN-718 Process Optimization and Microstructure Evolution

2006 ◽  
Vol 15-17 ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Mary ◽  
Mohammad Jahazi
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
Friction Welding ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Weld Interface ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Linear Friction Welding ◽  
Influence Of Process Parameters ◽  
Linear Friction ◽  
The Matrix

Linear Friction Welding (LFW) of IN-718 Superalloy was investigated under several processing conditions. The influence of process parameters such as frequency (60Hz to 100Hz), amplitude (2mm to 3mm) and frictional pressure (50MPa to 110MPa) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of welded specimens was determined. Optical and scanning electron microscopy, and micro-hardness testing were used to characterize the welded areas as well as the Thermo-Mechanically Affected Zones (TMAZ). In-situ thermocouple measurements were performed to follow temperature evolution in the specimens during the different phases of the LFW process. The analysis of the results indicated that for some specific conditions (f=80Hz, a=2mm and P=70MPa) a maximum temperature of 1200°C was attained during the last stage of the welding process, the burn-off phase. This temperature, very close to the alloy melting range, would be sufficient to cause partial liquation in this zone. Microscopic examinations revealed the presence of oxide particles aligned around the weld interface. Their concentration and distribution, varying with process parameters, affect the weld integrity. The TMAZ characterised by a global loss of strength (from 334HV to 250HV) is associated with temperatures exceeding 800°C and causing γ’ and γ’’ reversion. A narrow band of the TMAZ, exposed to high strains and temperatures, showed evidences of dynamic recovery and recrystallization (up to 67% of reduction in the matrix grain size). Visual and microscopic examination of the flash layer, revealed two distinct zones. Microstructure evolution and microhardness variations were associated to process parameters and the optimum conditions for obtaining defect free weldments were determined.

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