scholarly journals Z-Ligustilide Exerted Hormetic Effect on Growth and Detoxification Enzymes of Spodoptera litura Larvae

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yi ◽  
Guojun Dou ◽  
Zanyang Yu ◽  
Hui He ◽  
Chengqiang Wang ◽  
...  

Plants have evolved a variety of phytochemicals to defense insect feeding, whereas insects have also evolved diverse detoxification enzymes, which are adaptively induced as a prosurvival mechanism. Herein, Z-ligustilide in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. was found to exhibit a similar trend in the accumulation from December to May as the occurrence of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) larvae. Importantly, S. litura larvae feeding enhanced Z-ligustilide level in the stem and leaf (p < 0.01). Moreover, Z-ligustilide ranging from 1 to 5 mg·g−1 exhibited remarkable larvicidal activity, antifeedant activity, and growth inhibition against S. litura larvae. The LC50 values of larvicidal activity for phthalides in L. chuanxiong were compared as follows: Z-ligustilide > levistilide A > senkyunolide A > 3-butylidenephthalide > senkyunolide I, implicating the critical role of conjugated structure. Notably, there was a biphasic dose response for glutathione S-transferase (GST), cytochrome P450 (CYP) 450, Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and Carboxylesterase (CarE) activities and GSTs1, cytochrome P450 (CYP) 4S9, and CYP4M14 mRNA expression. Particularly, low dose (0.1 mg·g−1) of Z-ligustilide conferred the resistance of S. litura larvae against chlorpyrifos (p < 0.05). Together, our data suggest that Z-ligustilide may function in a hormetic way in the chemical defense of L. chuanxiong against S. litura larvae.

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoran Jiang ◽  
Jun Wu ◽  
Feiyong Zhang ◽  
Jikai Wen ◽  
Jun Jiang ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinlong Luo ◽  
Guang Chen ◽  
Ming Liang ◽  
Aini Xie ◽  
Qingtian Li ◽  
...  

Neointima formation is the leading cause of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) failure. We have shown that CKD accelerates this process by transforming the vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) lining the AVF from a contractile to the synthetic phenotype. However, the underlying mechanisms affecting this transformation are not clear. Previous studies have shown that the α-class glutathione transferase isozymes have an important role in regulating 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE)–mediated proliferative signaling of cells. Here, using both the loss- and gain-of-function approaches, we investigated the role of glutathione S-transferase α4 (GSTA4) in modulating cellular 4-HNE levels for the transformation and proliferation of SMCs. Compared with non-CKD controls, mice with CKD had downregulated expression of GSTA4 at the mRNA and protein levels, with concomitant increase in 4-HNE in arteries and veins. This effect was associated with upregulated phosphorylation of MAPK signaling pathway proteins in proliferating SMCs. Overexpressing GSTA4 blocked 4-HNE–induced SMC proliferation. Additionally, inhibitors of MAPK signaling inhibited the 4-HNE–induced responses. Compared with wild-type mice, mice lacking GSTA4 exhibited increased CKD-induced neointima formation in AVF. Transient expression of an activated form of GSTA4, achieved using a combined Tet-On/Cre induction system in mice, lowered levels of 4-HNE and reduced the proliferation of SMCs. Together, these results demonstrate the critical role of GSTA4 in blocking CKD-induced neointima formation and AVF failure.


2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhilu Zou ◽  
Yin Chen ◽  
Qinqin Shen ◽  
Xiaoyan Guo ◽  
Yuxuan Zhang ◽  
...  

Yueju pill is a traditional Chinese medicine formulated to treat syndromes of mood disorders. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effect of repeated low dose of Yueju in the animal model mimicking clinical long-term depression condition and the role of neural plasticity associated with PKA- (protein kinase A-) CREB (cAMP response element binding protein) and NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) signaling. We showed that a single low dose of Yueju demonstrated antidepressant effects in tests of tail suspension, forced swim, and novelty-suppressed feeding. A chronic learned helplessness (LH) protocol resulted in a long-term depressive-like condition. Repeated administration of Yueju following chronic LH remarkably alleviated all of depressive-like symptoms measured, whereas conventional antidepressant fluoxetine only showed a minor improvement. In the hippocampus, Yueju and fluoxetine both normalized brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and PKA level. Only Yueju, not fluoxetine, rescued the deficits in CREB signaling. The chronic LH upregulated the expression of NMDA receptor subunits NR1, NR2A, and NR2B, which were all attenuated by Yueju. Furthermore, intracerebraventricular administration of NMDA blunted the antidepressant effect of Yueju. These findings supported the antidepressant efficacy of repeated routine low dose of Yueju in a long-term depression model and the critical role of CREB and NMDA signaling.


2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oxana Doroshyenko ◽  
Uwe Fuhr ◽  
Daria Kunz ◽  
Dorothee Frank ◽  
Martina Kinzig ◽  
...  

Dose-Response ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 155932582091634
Author(s):  
Houhui Jiang ◽  
Yin Chen ◽  
Juan Ni ◽  
Jia Song ◽  
Li Li ◽  
...  

Due to long-term coevolution, secondary metabolites present in plants apparently function as chemical defense against insect feeding, while various detoxification enzymes in insects are adaptively induced as a prosurvival mechanism. Coptis chinensis, a medicinal plant used in traditional Chinese medicine for a thousand years, was found to be less prey to insects in our earlier field observations. Herein, 4 crude extracts obtained from sequential partition of aqueous extract of Rhizoma coptidis with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol exhibited antifeedant activity against Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) larvae at high doses and inducing activity at low doses. Furthermore, a similar biphasic dose–response of the antifeedant activity against S litura larvae was also observed for jateorhizine, palmatine, and obakunone in Coptis chinensis. Notably, the enzyme activities of glutathione-S-transferase and carboxyl esterase in S litura larvae affected by the different components (jateorhizine, palmatine, obakunone, berberine, and coptisine) of C chinensis also showed a biphasic dose–response with an increasing trend at low doses and a decreasing trend at high doses. Together, our study suggests that the components of C chinensis may play a chemical defensive role against S litura larvae in a hormetic manner.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 2139-2147
Author(s):  
Xue Chen ◽  
Mou Wang ◽  
Ying Hu ◽  
Tao Gong ◽  
Zhi-Rong Zhang ◽  
...  

Due to the critical role of CD44 in mediating cell adhesion and migration, CD44-targeted drug delivery via hyaluronan has been extensively explored.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1025
Author(s):  
Chiara Lauritano ◽  
Ylenia Carotenuto ◽  
Vittoria Roncalli

The glutathione S-transferase (GST) is a complex family of phase II detoxification enzymes, known for their ability to catalyze the conjugation of the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) to a wide variety of endogenous and exogenous electrophilic compounds for detoxification purposes. In marine environments, copepods are constantly exposed to multiple exogenous stressors, thus their capability of detoxification is key for survival. Full identification of the GST family in copepods has been limited only to few species. As for insects, the GST family includes a wide range of genes that, based on their cellular localization, can be divided in three classes: cytosolic, microsomal, and mitochondrial. The role of GSTs might have class-specific features, thus understanding the nature of the GST family has become crucial. This paper covers information of the GST activity in marine copepods based on studies investigating gene expression, protein content, and enzymatic activity. Using published literature and mining new publicly available transcriptomes, we characterized the multiplicity of the GST family in copepods from different orders and families, highlighting the possible role of these genes as biomarker for ocean health status monitoring.


Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 2324-2324
Author(s):  
Kirkwood A. Pritchard ◽  
Jingli Wang ◽  
Hao Xu ◽  
Deron W. Jones ◽  
Sandra L. Holzhauer ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: Vasoregulation is impaired in human and murine sickle cell disease (SCD). Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress impair vasodilation. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) plays an important role in attenuating inflammatory responses. Previously we showed 4F, an apoA-I mimetic designed to improve HDL function, dramatically restores vasodilation in SCD mice. Here, we examine mechanisms by which D-4F restores vasodilation in SCD mice and in mice made to develop SCD via fetal liver hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Effects of proinflammatory lipids and D-4F were determined in HSCT-SCD- LDL receptor null (Ldlr−/−) mice fed either chow or western diet (WD). The role of HDL was examined in HSCT-SCD-apoA-I null (apoA-I−/−) mice. Finally, the role of eNOS was examined in HSCT-SCD-eNOS deficient (eNOS−/−) mice. Mice were treated with or without D-4F (1mg/kg/d for 6–8 wks). Results: Total cholesterol concentrations in HSCT-SCD-Ldlr−/− mice fed lab chow were slightly increased compared to transgenic SCD mice (40–60 vs. 90–130 mg/dL, p&lt;0.05) with no change in HDL. Acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation (Ach, 10-7 to 10-4M) in HSCT-SCD-Ldlr−/− mice was impaired compared to untreated non-SCD Ldlr−/− mice (10 vs 43%, p&lt;0.05). D-4F restored eNOS-dependent vasodilation in HSCT-SCD-Ldlr−/− mice to the level in non-SCD Ldlr−/− mice. D-4F did not alter total cholesterol or HDL in HSCT-SCD-Ldlr−/− mice but did decrease proinflammatory HDL (580 vs 380, p&lt;0.05), an index of oxidizability. In contrast to HSCT-SCD-Ldlr−/− mice fed chow diet, HSCT-SCD-Ldlr−/− mice fed WD had little to no ACh vasodilation (0–3%). D-4F increased vasodilation slightly in HSCT-SCD-Ldlr−/− fed WD (~12%). Total cholesterol and HDL increased in response to WD in HSCT-SCD-Ldlr−/− mice (p&lt;0.01). D-4F induced minimal changes in total cholesterol, HDL or proinflammatory HDL in these mice. To examine the role of HDL, we found that vasodilation in HSCT-SCD-apoA-I−/− mice was reduced to ~25% compared to 65% in C57BL/6 mice (p&lt;0.01). D-4F nearly doubled vasodilation to ~43% in HSCT-SCD-apoA-I−/− mice (p&lt;0.05). L-NAME (100μM) blocked vasodilation in all HSCT-SCD-apoA-I−/− mice, indicating vasodilation was mediated exclusively by eNOS. In contrast, when we examined the effect of eNOS deficiency, ACh induced minimal increases in vasodilation (~22%). Dissection of cellular mechanisms mediating vasodilation revealed that a small portion HSCT-SCD-eNOS−/− mice was inhibited by L-NAME (i.e., NOS, ~12%), with none mediated by COX-prostacyclin (0%) and a small portion mediated by cytochrome P450 (~10%). Inhibitor studies revealed D-4F restored vasodilation in HSCT-SCD-eNOS−/− mice to ~52% (p&lt;0.05) by predominately a L-NAME-inhibitable mechanism (NOS = 40%; COX-prostacylcin = 0% and cytochrome P450 = 11%). Conclusions: D-4F improves eNOS-dependent vasodilation even when hypercholesterolemia is superimposed on SCD. Measurements of proinflammatory HDL reveal D-4F restores vasodilation by protecting HDL against oxidation. Interestingly, D-4F protects vasodilation even in mice that have low levels of apoA-I-deficient HDL. Taken together, these data indicate proinflammatory HDL plays a critical role in mechanisms by which SCD impairs eNOS-dependent vasodilation and D-4F increases vasodilation, at least in part, by decreasing proinflammatory HDL in SCD.


2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 860-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Abdelmegeed ◽  
Atrayee Banerjee ◽  
Seong-Ho Yoo ◽  
Sehwan Jang ◽  
Frank J. Gonzalez ◽  
...  

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