scholarly journals The Ferroelectric Domain Structures Induced by Electron Beam Scanning in Lithium Niobate

Scanning ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny Vlasov ◽  
Dmitry Chezganov ◽  
Maria Chuvakova ◽  
Vladimir Ya. Shur
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Lithium Niobate ◽  
Charge Density ◽  
Domain Structure ◽  
Ferroelectric Domain ◽  
Structure Evolution ◽  
Stripe Domain ◽  
Beam Scanning ◽  
Domain Structures ◽  
First Order Phase Transition

Ferroelectric domain structure has been formed under the action of electron beam scanning in congruent lithium niobate single crystal covered by surface dielectric layer. The obtained types of the domain patterns have been considered as subsequent stages of domain structure evolution. The dependence on irradiated charge density of domain density, length, and period of domain rays and stripe domain width was used for characterization of the domain structure evolution. The threshold irradiated charge density necessary for the formation of solid stripe domain has been revealed. All obtained results have been discussed in terms of kinetic approach based on the analogy between domain structure evolution and first-order phase transition.

Direct-Write E-beam Submicron Domain Engineering in LiNbO3 Thin Films Grown by Liquid Phase Epitaxy

2003 ◽  
Vol 784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Won Son ◽  
Yin Yuen ◽  
Sergei S. Orlov ◽  
Bill Phillips ◽  
Ludwig Galambos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Domain Structure ◽  
Liquid Phase Epitaxy ◽  
Ferroelectric Domain ◽  
Domain Engineering ◽  
Direct Write ◽  
Composition Effects ◽  
Domain Structures

ABSTRACTWe demonstrate submicron ferroelectric domain engineering in liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) LiNbO3 thin films grown on LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 substrates using a direct-write electron beam poling for waveguide applications. LiNbO3 thin films of several-micron thickness were grown using a flux melt of 20 mol% LiNbO3-80 mol% LiVO3. To engineer domain structures in Z- oriented LPE LiNbO3 films, a direct-write electron beam poling was implemented. It is shown that we can engineer the domain structure of LPE LiNbO3 films by using direct e-beam poling, even though the domain orientations of the film and the substrate are opposite. We also compared e-beam poling behavior in a congruent LiNbO3 single crystal and a LPE LiNbO3 film. Using the same e-beam scan parameters, a much enhanced domain structure is obtained in LPE films. Defect structure and composition effects are also discussed.

scholarly journals Self-assembled domain structures: From micro- to nanoscale

2015 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 1550015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Shur ◽  
Andrey Akhmatkhanov ◽  
Alexey Lobov ◽  
Anton Turygin
Keyword(s):  
Domain Structure ◽  
Domain Growth ◽  
Structure Evolution ◽  
Domain Structures ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
Broad Domain ◽  
Self Assembled ◽  
First Order Phase ◽  
Kinetics Of

The recent achievements in studying the self-assembled evolution of micro- and nanoscale domain structures in uniaxial single crystalline ferroelectrics lithium niobate and lithium tantalate have been reviewed. The results obtained by visualization of static domain patterns and kinetics of the domain structure by different methods from common optical microscopy to more sophisticated scanning probe microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and confocal Raman microscopy, have been discussed. The kinetic approach based on various nucleation processes similar to the first-order phase transition was used for explanation of the domain structure evolution scenarios. The main mechanisms of self-assembling for nonequilibrium switching conditions caused by screening ineffectiveness including correlated nucleation, domain growth anisotropy, and domain–domain interaction have been considered. The formation of variety of self-assembled domain patterns such as fractal-type, finger and web structures, broad domain boundaries, and dendrites have been revealed at each of all five stages of domain structure evolution during polarization reversal. The possible applications of self-assembling for micro- and nanodomain engineering were reviewed briefly. The review covers mostly the results published by our research group.

Formation of Regular Domain Structures in Quenched Ferroelectrics Under the Influence of an External High-frequency Electric Field

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.I. Stefanovich ◽  
O.Y. Mazur ◽  
V.V. Sobolev
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Niobate ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Domain Structure ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Evolution Equations ◽  
Regular Domain ◽  
Field Frequency ◽  
Domain Structures ◽  
Alternating Electric Field ◽  
Lithium Niobate Crystals

Introduction: Within the framework of the phenomenological theory of phase transitions of the second kind of Ginzburg-Landau, the kinetics of ordering of a rapidly quenched highly nonequilibrium domain structure is considered using the lithium tantalate and lithium niobate crystals as an example. Experimental: Using the statistical approach, evolution equations describing the formation of the domain structure under the influence of a high-frequency alternating electric field in the form of a standing wave were obtained. Numerical analysis has shown the possibility of forming thermodynamically stable mono- and polydomain structures. It turned out that the process of relaxation of the system to the state of thermodynamic equilibrium can proceed directly or with the formation of intermediate quasi-stationary polydomain asymmetric phases. Results: It is shown that the formation of Regular Domain Structures (RDS) is of a threshold character and occurs under the influence of an alternating electric field with an amplitude less than the critical value, whose value depends on the field frequency. The conditions for the formation of RDSs with a micrometer spatial scale were determined. Conclusion: As shown by numerical studies, the RDSs obtained retain their stability, i.e. do not disappear even after turning off the external electric field. Qualitative analysis using lithium niobate crystals as an example has shown the possibility of RDSs formation in high-frequency fields with small amplitude under resonance conditions

Deepening of domains at e-beam writing on the -Z surface of lithium niobate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Kokhanchik ◽  
Evgenii Emelin ◽  
Vadim Vladimirovch Sirotkin ◽  
Alexander Svintsov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Lithium Niobate ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Domain Walls ◽  
Normal Component ◽  
Beam Current ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Domain Structures ◽  
Sign Inversion

Abstract The focus of the study was to investigate the peculiarities of the domains created by electron beam (e-beam) in a surface layer of congruent lithium niobate, which comparable to a depth of electron beam charge penetration. Direct e-beam writing (DEBW) of different domain structures with a scanning electron microscope was performed on the polar -Z cut. Accelerating voltage 15 kV and e-beam current 100 pA were applied. Different patterns of local irradiated squares were used to create domain structures and single domains. No domain contrast was observed by the PFM technique. Based on chemical etching, it was found that the vertices of the domains created do not reach the surface level. The average deepening of the domain vertices was several hundred nanometers and varied depending on the irradiation dose and the location of the irradiated areas (squares) relative to each other. Computer simulation was applied to analyze the spatial distribution of the electric field in the various irradiated patterns. The deepening was explained by the fact that in the near-surface layer there is a sign inversion of the normal component of the electric field strength vector, which controls the domain formation during DEBW. Thus, with the help of e-beam, domains were created completely located in the bulk, in contrast to the domains that are nucleated on the surface of the -Z cut during the polarization inversion with AFM tip. The detected deepening of e-beam domains suggests the possibility of creating the “head-to-head” domain walls in the near-surface layer lithium niobate by DEBW.

Features of the ferroelectric domain structure in the multiferroic material YbMnO3

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 591-596
Author(s):  
Takumi Inoshita ◽  
Yasuhide Inoue ◽  
Yoichi Horibe ◽  
Yasumasa Koyama
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Domain Structure ◽  
Ferroelectric Domain ◽  
Multiferroic Material ◽  
Ferroelectric State ◽  
Hexagonal Axis ◽  
Domain Structures ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Domain Boundaries

ABSTRACTThe multiferroic material YbMnO3 has been reported to exhibit both ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic orders in the ground state. Of these two orders, the ferroelectric order is associated with the P63/mmc-to-P63cm structural transition, which occurs around 1270 K. The interesting feature of the ferroelectric state is that a cloverleaf domain structure with a pseudo-six-fold symmetry is observed in transmission electron microscopy images with the beam incidence parallel to the hexagonal axis. To understand the origin of the formation of the cloverleaf domain structure, we have examined the crystallographic features of the ferroelectric state in YbMnO3 by transmission electron microscopy. In this study, particularly, we adopted the experimental condition that electron beam incidences are perpendicular to the hexagonal axis. It was, as a result, found that there existed various ferroelectric domain structures including the cloverleaf domain structure under the present condition. The notable feature of domain structures found in this study is that each domain structure basically consists of six domains, whose domain boundaries are terminated at one point. Because this feature makes us reminiscent of a discommensurate structure in an incommensurate state, we took high-resolution electron micrographs of areas including domain boundaries. Their analysis indicated that a domain boundary could be identified as a discommensuration with a phase slip of π/3. It is thus understood that the cloverleaf domain structure should be one of domain morphologies for a discommensurate structure, which is related to the break of the translational symmetry.

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