scholarly journals Risk Factors for Incident Myopia among Teenaged Students of the Experimental Class of the Air Force in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin-song Qi ◽  
Lu Yao ◽  
Xue-feng Wang ◽  
Jiu-mei Shi ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Refractive Change ◽  
Near Work

Background. In recent decades, the prevalence rate of myopia has markedly increased, especially among teenagers. Our purpose was to determine the incidence of myopia and identify the related risk factors among schoolchildren in the experimental classes of the Air Force in China. Methods. In May 2015, this 3-year prospective cohort study enrolled 522 boys (age, 14–16 years) attending grade 10 in 16 high schools in 15 cities in China. Cycloplegic refraction was examined using retinoscopy in both eyes at the baseline and follow-up (3 years). A detailed questionnaire was completed by the students at the 3-year follow-up and included questions on parental myopia and on the total time spent doing near work and outdoor activities each week. Results. The incidence of myopia at the 3-year follow-up was 27.01% (141/522, 95% confidence interval (CI): 23.38% to 30.98%). The refractive change was −0.46 D (95% CI: −0.49 to −0.42 D). More hyperopic or less myopic baseline refraction, outdoor activity time per week ≥14 h (odds ratio (OR) = 0.464, 95% CI: 0.227 to 0.950), and reading/writing distance ≥ 30 cm (OR = 0.505, 95% CI: 0.270 to 0.944) were significant protective factors against incident myopia. Near-work time ≥28 h per week was a significant risk factor (OR = 2.579, 95% CI: 1.314 to 5.061). Parental myopia, age at the start of primary school, continuous reading/writing for ≥1 h, sleep duration per week <49 h, and one or more dietary biases were not significant risk factors (P>0.05). Conclusion. A more hyperopic baseline refraction, more time spent outdoors, and longer writing/reading distance were protected against myopia onset, while more near-work time was a risk factor.

scholarly journals Risk Factors and Outcomes of Revision Arthroscopic Posterior Shoulder Capsulolabral Repair in Contact Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7_suppl5) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0031
Author(s):  
Justin W. Arner ◽  
Sachidhanand Jayakumar ◽  
Dharmesh Vyas ◽  
James P. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Revision Surgery ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Bone Width ◽  
Posterior Shoulder

Objectives: Risk factors and outcomes of revision arthroscopic posterior capsulolabral repairare currently not well defined in contact athletes.Evaluation of risk factors for contact athletes who require revision arthroscopic posterior unidirectional capsulolabral repair is needed. Methods: A total of 186 contact athletes’ shoulders that underwent arthroscopic posterior capsulolabral repair at minimum 2 year follow-up were reviewed. Those who required revision surgery were compared with those who did not. Parameters assessed included age, gender, labral and/or capsular injury, level of sport, and return to sport. Glenoid bone width, bone version, labral width, and labral version were also compared. Results: Eleven shoulders required revision surgery (5.9%) at mean 12.0 year follow-up. The only significant risk factor was glenoid bone width (revision=26.4 mm vs. non-revision=29.1 mm, p=0.005). Cartilage version (p=0.676), labral version (p=0.539), and bone version (p=0.791) were not significantly different between groups, nor was labral width (p=0.751). Gender (p=0.326), labral injury (p=0.349), capsule injury (p=0.683), and level of sport (p=0.381) were not significant factors for requiring revision surgery. Both return to sport at the same level (revision=16.7% vs. non-revision=72.1%, p<0.001) and overall return to sport (revision=50% vs. non-revision=93.7%, p<0.001) was significantly worse in the revision group. Of those who had revision surgery, 33.3% stated their original surgery was not worthwhile, which was significantly higher than the 4.5% in the non-revision group (p=0.041). Conclusion: Contact athletes underwent revision arthroscopic posterior capsulolabral repair at an incidence of 5.9% at 12 year follow-up. The only significant risk factor for requiring revision surgery was smaller glenoid bone width. Return to play was significantly worse in those who required revision surgery. This data is essential for patient selection, optimal treatment techniques, and patient education as posterior shoulder capsulolabral repair in contact athletes that require revision has not previously been evaluated.

scholarly journals Definitions and Risk Factors for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy in an Adult Cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa Denton ◽  
Lilian Thorpe ◽  
Alexandra Carter ◽  
Adriana Angarita-Fonseca ◽  
Karen Waterhouse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy ◽  
New Diagnosis

Background: Less than one-third of people with epilepsy will develop drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Establishing the prognosis of each unique epilepsy case is an important part of evaluation and treatment.Most studies on DRE prognosis have been based on a pooled, heterogeneous group, including children, adults, and older adults, in the absence of clear recognition and control of important confounders, such as age group. Furthermore, previous studies were done before the 2010 definition of DRE by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), so data based on the current definitions have not been entirely elucidated. This study aimed to explore the difference between 3 definitions of DRE and clinical predictors of DRE in adults and older adults.Methods: Patients with a new diagnosis of epilepsy ascertained at a Single Seizure Clinic (SSC) in Saskatchewan, Canada were included if they had at least 1 year of follow-up. The first study outcome was the diagnosis of DRE epilepsy at follow-up using the 2010 ILAE definition. This was compared with 2 alternative definitions of DRE by Kwan and Brodie and Camfield and Camfield. Finally, risk factors were analyzed using the ILAE definition.Results: In total, 95 patients with a new diagnosis of epilepsy and a median follow-up of 24 months were included. The median age of patients at the diagnosis of epilepsy was 33 years, and 51% were men. In the cohort, 32% of patients were diagnosed with DRE by the Kwan and Brodie definition, 10% by Camfield and Camfield definition, and 15% by the ILAE definition by the end of follow-up. The only statistically significant risk factor for DRE development was the failure to respond to the first anti-seizure medication (ASM).Conclusion: There were important differences in the percentage of patients diagnosed with DRE when using 3 concurrent definitions. However, the use of the ILAE definition appeared to be the most consistent through an extended follow-up. Finally, failure to respond to the first ASM was the sole significant risk factor for DRE in the cohort after considering the age group.

scholarly journals Treatment Trends in Dry Eye Disease and Factors Associated with Ophthalmic Follow-up Discontinuation in Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miki Uchino ◽  
Norihiko Yokoi ◽  
Motoko Kawashima ◽  
Yamanishi Ryutaro ◽  
Yuichi Uchino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Past History ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
History Of

Despite the importance of dry eye disease (DED) treatment, the rate of DED treatment discontinuation, especially discontinuation of ophthalmic follow-up, remains unknown. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of ophthalmic follow-up discontinuation for DED. A cross-sectional survey of 1030 participants was conducted using a self-administered web-survey instrument. We collected lifestyle information, history of DED diagnosis, types of treatment, frequency of eye-drop usage, symptoms, and the reasons for discontinuing treatment. Statistical analyses including logistic regression were used to evaluate the risk factors of discontinuing ophthalmic follow-up for DED. A past history of clinical DED diagnosis was reported by 155 (15.0%) subjects. Of those, 130 had persistent DED, and 88 (67.7%) of the subjects reported discontinuation of ophthalmic follow-up for DED. The most prevalent reasons for ophthalmic follow-up discontinuation were time restrictions, followed by dissatisfaction with the DED treatment. Duration after DED diagnosis was the only significant risk factor for discontinuing ophthalmic follow-up after adjusting for age and sex (odds ratio = 1.09, 95% confidence interval = 1.02–1.17, p = 0.009). In conclusion, longer DED duration after diagnosis was a significant risk factor for discontinuing ophthalmic follow-up for DED. This study showed that DED ophthalmic follow-up discontinuation involves both medical and non-medical reasons. Clinicians need to be aware of them, and preventative effort is needed to avoid discontinuation.

scholarly journals Cohort Study on the Prevalence and Risk Factors for Delayed Pulmonary Complications in Adults Following Minor Blunt Thoracic Trauma

CJEM ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 136-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miville Plourde ◽  
Marcel Émond ◽  
André Lavoie ◽  
Chantal Guimont ◽  
Natalie Le Sage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Thoracic Trauma ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Blunt Thoracic Trauma ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Delayed Complications ◽  
Delayed Pneumothorax

ABSTRACTObjectives:The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence, risk factors, and time to onset of delayed hemothorax and pneumothorax in adults who experienced a minor blunt thoracic trauma.Method:A prospective cohort of 450 consecutive patients was recruited. Eligible patients had to be over 16 years of age, consulted within 72 hours for a trauma, and available for outpatient follow-up at 2, 7, and 14 days posttrauma. The clinical outcome investigated was the presence of delayed pneumothorax or hemothorax on the follow-up chest x-ray.Outcomes:Delayed hemothorax occurred in 11.8% (95% CI 8.8–14.8), and delayed pneumothorax occurred in 0.9% (95% CI 0.2–2.3) of participants. During the 14-day follow-up period, 87.0% of these delayed complications developed in the first week. In the multivariate analysis, the only statistically significant risk factor for delayed complications was the location of fractures on the x-ray of the hemithorax. The adjusted odds ratio was 1.52 (95% CI 0.62–3.73) for the lower ribs (tenth to twelfth rib), 3.11 (95% CI 1.60–6.08) for the midline ribs (sixth to ninth rib), and 5.05 (95% CI 1.80–14.19) for the upper ribs (third to fifth rib) versus patients with no fractures.Conclusion:The presence of at least one rib fracture between the third and ninth rib on the x-ray of the hemithorax is a significant risk factor for delayed hemothorax and pneumothorax.

scholarly journals A New Hemodynamic Index To Predict Late Right Failure In Patients Implanted With Last Generation Centrifugal Pump.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Montalto ◽  
Cristiano Amarelli ◽  
Vito Piazza ◽  
Kali Hopkins ◽  
Marina Comisso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Diuretic Therapy ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Inotropic Support ◽  
Pump Speed ◽  
Speed Optimization

Background. Right ventricular failure (RVF) is a severe event that increases perioperative mortality after Left Ventricle Assist Device (LVAD) implantation. RV function is particularly affected by the LVAD speed by changing RV preload and afterload as well as the position of the interventricular septum. However, there are no studies focusing on the relationship between pump speed optimization and risk factors for development of lateRVF. Methods. Between 2015 and 2019,50 consecutive patients received LVAD implantation at San Camillo Hospital in Rome. Of these, 38 who underwent pump speed optimization were included. Post optimization hemodynamic data were collected. We assessed: a new Hemodynamic Index (HI), calculated as follows HI=MAP x PCWP/CVP x RPM set/RPM max; risk factors for late RVF, which was defined as the requirement for 7 days or more of inotropic support. Results 10 patients had late RVF after LVAD implantation. 5 patients required diuretic therapy and speed optimization. In 3 patients inotropic support with adrenaline 0.05 g/kg/min was started. 2 patients required prolonged continuous veno-venous hemofiltration and high dosage inotropic support. Multivariate analysis revealed that a low HI (odds ratio 11.5, 95 % confidence interval,1.85-65.5,p[.003] was an independent risk factor for late RVF after LVAD implantation. Conclusion A low HI, according to our study, is a significant risk factor for the development of RVF after LVAD implantation. We suggest adopting this index during the follow-up to stratify the different hemodynamic profiles and modify the therapeutic strategies according to the different HI levels obtained for every single patient.

Comorbidity and severity-of-illness risk adjustment for hospital-onset Clostridioides difficile infection using data from the electronic medical record

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Stephanie M. Cabral ◽  
Katherine E. Goodman ◽  
Natalia Blanco ◽  
Surbhi Leekha ◽  
Larry S. Magder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Risk Adjustment ◽  
Community Hospital ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Patient Admissions ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Risk Adjustment Model

Abstract Objective: To determine whether electronically available comorbidities and laboratory values on admission are risk factors for hospital-onset Clostridioides difficile infection (HO-CDI) across multiple institutions and whether they could be used to improve risk adjustment. Patients: All patients at least 18 years of age admitted to 3 hospitals in Maryland between January 1, 2016, and January 1, 2018. Methods: Comorbid conditions were assigned using the Elixhauser comorbidity index. Multivariable log-binomial regression was conducted for each hospital using significant covariates (P < .10) in a bivariate analysis. Standardized infection ratios (SIRs) were computed using current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) risk adjustment methodology and with the addition of Elixhauser score and individual comorbidities. Results: At hospital 1, 314 of 48,057 patient admissions (0.65%) had a HO-CDI; 41 of 8,791 patient admissions (0.47%) at community hospital 2 had a HO-CDI; and 75 of 29,211 patient admissions (0.26%) at community hospital 3 had a HO-CDI. In multivariable regression, Elixhauser score was a significant risk factor for HO-CDI at all hospitals when controlling for age, antibiotic use, and antacid use. Abnormal leukocyte level at hospital admission was a significant risk factor at hospital 1 and hospital 2. When Elixhauser score was included in the risk adjustment model, it was statistically significant (P < .01). Compared with the current CDC SIR methodology, the SIR of hospital 1 decreased by 2%, whereas the SIRs of hospitals 2 and 3 increased by 2% and 6%, respectively, but the rankings did not change. Conclusions: Electronically available patient comorbidities are important risk factors for HO-CDI and may improve risk-adjustment methodology.

scholarly journals Risk factors for hypertensive crisis in children with acute glomerulonephritis

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Sherly Yuniarchan ◽  
Risky Vitria Prasetyo ◽  
Ninik Asmaningsih Soemyarso ◽  
Mohammad Sjaifullah Noer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Hypertensive Crisis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
P Value ◽  
Acute Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Female Ratio

Background Hypertensive crisis occurs in 1-4% of the hypertensive pediatric population, mostly due to acute glomerulonephritis (AGN). Some factors have been suggested to affect blood pressure (BP) in children, such as age, sex, race/ethnicity, obesity, and socioeconomic status, but little is known for risk factors for hypertensive crisis in AGN.Objective To analyze the risk factors for hypertensive crisis in children with AGN.Methods Retrospectively, we studied possible risk factors for hypertensive crisis in children with AGN at Dr. Soetomo Hospital from 2007 to 2011. Hypertensive crisis was defined as systolic BP ≥180 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥120 mmHg (for children ≥ 6 years of age); and systolic and/or diastolic BP >50% above the 95th percentile (for children aged <6 years). We evaluated the demographic and clinical characteristics as potential risk factors. Statistical analysis was done with Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, and logistic regression tests. Variables with P <0.25 in the univariable analysis were further analyzed by the multivariable logistic regression model. A P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results There were 101 children included (mean age 9.7 (SD 2.17) years), with a male-to-female ratio of 2.7:1. Hypertensive crisis occurred in 42 (41.6%) children, of whom 8 had hypertensive urgency and 34 had hypertensive emergency. Proteinuria was seen in 53 children with AGN (52.5%) and was the significant risk factor for hypertensive crisis in our subjects (OR=2.75; 95%CI 1.16 to 6.52; P=0.021). Gender, clinical profiles, ethnicity, nutritional status, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were not significant risk factors for hypertensive crisis.Conclusion Proteinuria is the significant risk factor for hypertensive crisis in children with AGN.

scholarly journals Risk factors for mortality in children with Wilms tumor

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Yuni Purwanti ◽  
Sutaryo Sutaryo ◽  
Sri Mulatsih ◽  
Pungky Ardani Kusuma
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Wilms Tumor ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Background Wilms tumor is the most common renal malignancy in children (95%) and one of the leading causes of death in children, with high mortality rates in developing countries. Identifying risk factors for mortality is important in order to provide early intervention to improve cure rates.Objective To identify risk factors for mortality in children with Wilms tumor.Methods We performed a case-control study of children (0-18 years of age) with Wilms tumor admitted to Dr. Sardjito Hospital between 2005 and 2012. The case group consisted of children who died of Wilms tumor, whereas the control group were children who survived. Data were collected from medical records. Statistical analyses using Chi-square and logistic regression tests were done to determine odds ratios and 95% CI of the potential risk factors for mortality from Wilms tumor.Results Thirty-five children with Wilms tumor were admitted to Dr. Sardjito Hospital during the study period. Nine (26%) children died and 26 survived. Stage ≥III was a significant risk factor for mortality in chidren with Wilms tumor (OR 62.8; 95%CI 5.6 to 70.5). Age ≥2 years (OR 1.4; 95%CI 0.1 to 14.3) and male sex (OR 1.2; 95%CI 0.1 to 10.8) were not significant risk factors for mortality.Conclusion Stage ≥III is a risk factor for mortality in children with Wilms tumor. 

scholarly journals Risk factors of childhood leukemia

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 358
Author(s):  
Paulina K. Bangun ◽  
Bidasari Lubis ◽  
Sri Sofyani ◽  
Nelly Rosdiana ◽  
Olga R. Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Childhood Leukemia ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Parental Age ◽  
Prenatal Risk Factors

Background The incidence of childhood leukemia has increasedannually. Recent studies have shown that childhood leukemia isinitiated in utero, and have focused on prenatal risk factors suchas birth weight and parental age. Exposure to pesticides andradiation, as well as parental smoking, breastfeeding, and thenumber of older siblings have also been sugges ted as risk factorsfor childhood leukemia.Objective To evaluate possible risk factors for childhood leukemia,including birth weight, parental age, and other risk factors.Methods This case-con trol study was conducted from October2011 to February 2012 in Haji Adam Malik Hospital, Medan .Case subjects were children aged below 18 years and diagnosedwith leukemia. Control subjects were children aged below 18years who were diagnosed with any non-cancerous acute illnessesin this hospital, and individually matched for age and gen der tothe case subject group. Patients and parents were asked to fill astructured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using conditionallogistic regression .Results A total of 140 subjects were eligible, with 70 subjects ineach group. Birth weight 2: 4000 g and maternal age 2:35 yearswere significant risk factors with OR 10.13 (95%CI 1.124 to 91.2 7)and OR 4.98 (95%CI 1.276 to 19.445), respectively. Paternal ageof 2:35 years was not a significant risk factor. Exposure to pesticideswas also noted as another significant risk factor (OR= 6.66; 95%CI2.021 to 21.966) .Conclusion High birth weight, advan ced maternal age, andexposure to pesticides are risk factors of childhood leukemia.

scholarly journals MON-585 Racial/Ethnic Contribution and Metabolic Factors of NAFLD/NASH in the US Population: Data from NNANES III

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore C Friedman ◽  
Magda Shaheen ◽  
Dulcie Kermah ◽  
Deyu Pan ◽  
Katrina Schrode ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Liver Enzyme ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
The Us ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver condition. It is manifested by hepatic steatosis (HS) that can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and even liver failure. Interestingly, it is marked by racial/ethnic disparities, with a high prevalence in Hispanics. We aimed to identify the risk factors for these chronic conditions in the US. To this end, we analyzed data from NHANES III (1988-1994) using multiple or multinomial logistic regression considering the design and sample weight. HS was identified by ultrasound. NAFLD was defined as HS in the absence of viral hepatitis or excessive use of alcohol or hepatotoxic drugs. The NAFLD population was further divided into those with NASH (defined by the HAIR score), or with simple NAFLD. The prevalence of HS was 19.8%, 16.6%, and 27.9%; of NAFLD was 17.8%, 14.7%, and 25.5%; and of NASH was 3.2%, 2.5%, and 5.1% in non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics, respectively. Race/ethnicity was a significant predictor of HS, NAFLD and NASH, with Hispanics having the highest odds for all conditions, and non-Hispanic Blacks having the lowest odds relative to Whites (p&lt;0.05). Other significant risk factors for all three conditions were older age, higher BMI, abnormal levels of C-peptide, and elevated serum glucose and triglycerides (p&lt;0.05). HOMA insulin resistance was associated with HS and NAFLD (p&lt;0.05). While smoking status was not associated with HS (p&gt;0.05), current smokers had lower odds of NAFLD & NASH than non-smokers (p&lt;0.05). Elevation of the liver enzyme aspartate aminotransferase was a significant risk factor of HS, while elevation of the liver enzyme alanine transaminase was a significant risk factor of NAFLD. Elevation in the levels of both liver enzymes was predictive of NASH (p&lt;0.05). Although we included physical activity relative to national recommendation variable and the Healthy Eating Index (a measure of diet quality) in our analyses, neither of these factors was a predictor of any of the liver conditions (p&gt;0.05). Our results showed an independent association between race/ethnicity and HS, NAFLD, and NASH, whereby Hispanics had the highest odds for every condition relative to non-Hispanic Whites. Providers should consider the race/ethnicity of their patients when evaluating the risk for NAFLD and NASH, and also be aware of the other risk factors, such as BMI and levels of C-peptide, glucose, and triglycerides.

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