scholarly journals Relationship between Size of the Foveal Avascular Zone and Carbohydrate Metabolic Disorders during Pregnancy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Masahiko Sugimoto ◽  
Yasuko Wakamatsu ◽  
Ryohei Miyata ◽  
Hisashi Matsubara ◽  
Mineo Kondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Superficial Capillary Plexus

Aim. To determine whether the area of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), as a morphological indicator of the microcirculation of the perifoveal capillary network, changes in the carbohydrate metabolism disorders during pregnancy (the gestational age of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preexisting diabetes (PexD)). Methods. Ten normal individuals and 41 eyes of 41 patients, 28 with GDM and 13 with PexD, were studied. A 3 × 3 mm area of the FAZ of the superficial capillary plexus layer (SCP) and the deep capillary plexus layer (DCP) was determined by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA; RS-3000 Advance, NIDEK). The significance of the correlation between the size of the FAZ and the weeks of pregnancy was determined. Results. The area of the FAZ of the SCP was 0.38 ± 0.11 mm2 (normal eyes), 0.41 ± 0.16 mm2 (GDM), and 0.43 ± 0.10 mm2 (PexD). The area of the FAZ of the DCP was 0.78 ± 0.23 mm2 (normal eyes), 0.69 ± 0.16 mm2 (GDM), and 0.79 ± 0.25 mm2 (PexD). No significant difference in the FAZ sizes was observed between the groups. The average number of weeks of pregnancy was 24.1 ± 8.2 weeks in the eyes with GDM and 23.3 ± 11.4 weeks in the eyes with PexD (P>0.05). Significant correlations were found between the size of the FAZ of the SCP and the number of weeks (r = 0.37, P=0.04 for GDM, and r = 0.49, P=0.04 for PexD, Spearman’s rank-order correlation coefficient). Conclusions. For GDM and PexD under established glycemic control, the area of the FAZ is not affected, but vascular changes occurred at the early phase of pregnancy.

Optical coherence tomography angiography in diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1418-1423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Furino ◽  
Grazia Montrone ◽  
Maria Vittoria Cicinelli ◽  
Stefania Balestra ◽  
Maria Oliva Grassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Superficial Capillary Plexus

Purpose: To investigate a subset of diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy with optical coherence tomography angiography, assessing the differences in macular perfusion between diseased eyes and healthy controls. Methods: Monocentric cross-sectional study, including 86 eyes from 43 diabetic patients with no clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy and 78 eyes from 39 controls. Patients underwent 3.0 × 3.0 mm and 4.5 × 4.5 mm swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography. Vessel density (%), foveal avascular zone area (mm2), and avascular density (%) were provided for the superficial capillary plexus and the deep capillary plexus. Results: The foveal avascular zone area at the superficial capillary plexus was larger in the study group compared to controls, irrespective of the area of the slab considered. A meaningful difference was found in the vessel density at the deep capillary plexus of the 3.0 × 3.0 mm slab (p = 0.03). Almost all the variables considered in the study showed a significant within-subject effect. Age significantly correlated with vessel density of superficial capillary plexus on 4.5 × 4.5 mm in both control and diabetic eyes. Conclusion: Diabetic patients with subclinical diabetic retinopathy feature a larger foveal avascular zone at the superficial capillary plexus compared with controls, as well as relative reduction of the vessel density at the deep capillary plexus. These findings might serve as the basis for screening between normal and diabetic subjects.

scholarly journals Smoking Effect on Peripapillary and Macular Microvascular Structure in Inactive Graves’ Ophthalmopathy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kubra SERBEST CEYLANOGLU ◽  
Emine Malkoc Sen ◽  
Sibel Doguizi ◽  
Gozde Hondur
Keyword(s):  
Optic Disc ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Graves Ophthalmopathy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Superficial Capillary Plexus

Abstract ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the smoking effect on peripapillary and macular microvascular structure in patients with inactive Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) and to compare these structures with those of healthy control subjects.MethodsA total of 34 healty participants (control group), 22 inactive GO patients with smoking (smoker group) and 19 inactive GO patients with nonsmoking (non-smoker group) were recruited in this prospective study. After detailed ophthalmological examination, vessel densities (VD) of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), retinal peripapillary capillary (RPC) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, acircularity index (AI) of the FAZ were analyzed with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) for each eye.ResultsVessel density in the total peripapillary; superior and inferior sectors of RPC were significantly lower in inactive GO patients with smoking (p<0.05 for all sectors) compared to control group. Besides, the FAZ AI was significantly higher in smoker and non-smoker inactive GO groups compared to healthy subjects (p=0.0001, p=0.0001, respectively). No significant difference was found in the FAZ area, and all SCP, DCP macular measurements between groups (p>0.05 for all).ConclusionOCTA findings of lower peripapillary VD in the smoker group show smoking effect on the optic disc head microvasculature in inactive GO patients. These results could reflect early subclinical optic disc vasculature damage in smoker inactive GO subjects.

Optical coherence tomography angiography findings in young β-thalassemia patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 600-607
Author(s):  
Elif Güler Kazancı ◽  
Muhammet Furkan Korkmaz ◽  
Mehmet Erol Can
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Superficial Capillary Plexus

Purpose: The purpose was to evaluate retinal vascular parameters by optical coherence tomography angiography in β-thalassemia major patients. Methods: Thirty-three patients with β-thalassemia major (study group) and 29 healthy children (control group) were enrolled in the study. All subjects underwent a complete ocular examination. The mean foveal avascular zone, non-flow area, foveal avascular zone perimeter, acircularity index of foveal avascular zone, foveal density, the superficial capillary plexus, and deep capillary plexus were scanned using 6 × 6 mm optical coherence tomography angiography scans centered on the macula. Superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus were also scanned centered on the optic disk. We collected data on histories of patients, and hemoglobin and ferritin were also studied from both groups. Results: The mean age was 13.85 ± 4.69 years (range: 4–21 years) in β-thalassemia major group and 12.59 ± 3.66 years (range: 6–18 years) in the control group. The mean foveal avascular zone value was 0.265 ± 0.11 mm2 in the study group and 0.296 ± 0.12 mm2 in the control group. The mean non-flow area value was 0.468 ± 0.12 mm2 in the study group and 0.479 ± 0.14 mm2 in the control group ( p > 0.05). Differences in the mean values for foveal density and acircularity index were statistically significant between the study group and control group ( p < 0.05, p = 0.026, and p = 0.026, respectively). Superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus were not a significant difference between the study and control groups in 6 × 6 mm scans on macula and 4.5 × 4.5 mm scans on optic disk area ( p > 0.05). Acircularity index was negatively correlated ( r = −0.292, p = 0.026), and foveal density was positively correlated with hemoglobin ( r = 0.292, p = 0.026). Conclusion: By using optical coherence tomography angiography, we detected foveal microvascular changes in young β-thalassemia patients before significant ocular anomalies development.

scholarly journals Retinal and Choriocapillaris Vascular Changes in Patients Affected by Different Clinical Phenotypes of β-Thalassemia: An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Gilda Cennamo ◽  
Daniela Montorio ◽  
Giuliano Mazzella ◽  
Paolo Ricchi ◽  
Silvia Costantini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Phenotypes ◽  
Thalassemia Minor ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus

In this cross-sectional study we assessed the vascular alterations in retinal and choriocapillaris perfusion in patients affected by β-thalassemia, by means of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). A total of 124 eyes of 62 patients (mean age 44.74 ± 5.79 years old) affected by β-thalassemia (transfusion dependent thalassemia (TDT), non-transfusion dependent thalassemia (NTDT) and minor) were compared to 40 eyes of twenty healthy subjects. We evaluated the vessel density (VD) in superficial capillary plexus, deep capillary plexus, radial peripapillary capillary, choriocapillaris and the foveal avascular zone area. The TDT group showed a statistically significant reduction in retinal and choriocapillaris VD respect to controls and the other groups (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in OCTA parameters between β-thalassemia minor and controls. The NTDT group showed a significant reduction in VD in deep capillary plexus respect to controls and β-thalassemia minor. Significant negative correlations were shown in TDT group between foveal avascular zone and hemoglobin (r = −0.437, p = 0.044) and between ferritin levels and VD of choriocapillaris (r = −0.431, p = 0.038). The OCTA parameters provided a deeper understanding on retinal and choriocapillaris vascular impairment affected by tissue hypoxia levels and the oxidative stress in different clinical phenotypes of the β-thalassemia.

Foveal avascular zone in oculocutaneous albinism

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. e240208
Author(s):  
Hana A Mansour ◽  
Sami Uwaydat ◽  
Muhamad H Yunis ◽  
Ahmad M Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Oculocutaneous Albinism ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Retinal Capillary ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Foveal Hypoplasia

Optical coherence tomography angiography imaging in two patients with oculocutaneous albinism, one with severe nystagmus, showed persistence of both the superficial and the deep retinal capillary plexus adding another vascular feature to the foveal hypoplasia.

Foveal Avascular Zone Area Analysis Using OCT Angiography After Pneumatic Retinopexy for Macula-Off Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Repair

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 297-303
Author(s):  
Carolina L. M. Francisconi ◽  
David Ta Kim ◽  
Verena Juncal ◽  
Jenny Qian ◽  
Koby Brosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Pneumatic Retinopexy ◽  
Retinal Capillary ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Pars Plana ◽  
Superficial Capillary Plexus ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose: Recent publications have reported that the deep capillary plexus (DCP) area of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) is significantly larger in eyes following pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair when compared with controls. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there have been no publications on the evaluation of the macular microvasculature using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in post–pneumatic retinopexy (PnR) eyes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate FAZ-area changes following PnR. Methods: This retrospective cohort included 19 patients with macula-off RRD who underwent PnR repair. Each patient’s fellow eye was used as a control. The FAZ area in the superficial capillary plexus and DCP was investigated with OCTA and the areas were measured by 2 masked graders. Results: Both superficial (PnR: 0.22 [0.16-0.35] vs control: 0.24 [0.18-0.34] mm2; P = .715) and deep (PnR: 0.56 [0.51-0.76] vs control: 0.7 [0.59-0.89] mm2; P = .105) FAZ areas were not significantly different between eyes. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the lack of FAZ-area enlargement after PnR repair may indicate that there is less ischemic damage to the retinal capillary plexus in the fovea when compared with that described in the literature for PPV. The PIVOT trial demonstrated that PnR is associated with superior visual acuity and less metamorphopsia when compared with PPV at 1 year. The results of the current study may provide insight into the potential advantages of PnR. Further studies are needed to elucidate how the macular microvasculature is affected after RRD and to clarify how the FAZ area changes following PnR and PPV.

scholarly journals Early Retinal Flow Changes after Vitreoretinal Surgery in Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane Using Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Mastropasqua ◽  
Rossella D’Aloisio ◽  
Pasquale Viggiano ◽  
Enrico Borrelli ◽  
Carla Iafigliola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Epiretinal Membrane ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Ilm Peeling ◽  
Swept Source ◽  
Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Superficial Capillary Plexus

(1) Background: The aim of this observational cross-sectional work was to investigate early retinal vascular changes in patients undergoing idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) surgery using swept source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA); (2) Methods: 24 eyes of 24 patients who underwent vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling were evaluated pre- and postoperatively using SS-OCTA system (PLEX Elite 9000, Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., Dublin, CA, USA). For each eye, five 6x6-mm OCTA volume scans were acquired by two observers independently. The en face images of superficial capillary plexus (SCP) were then exported to imageJ and a semi-automated algorithm was used for subsequent quantitative analysis. Perfusion density (PD), vessel length density (VLD), vessel diameter index (VDI) and vessel tortuosity (VT) of SCP were evaluated in both the parafoveal (2.5 mm diameter) and perifoveal areas (5.5 mm diameter); (3) Results: At OCTA analysis statistically significant differences were found between controls and diseased eyes for all parameters in parafoveal and perifoveal regions (p < 0.001; p < 0.05) except for perifoveal VLD. During 6-month follow up, both anatomical/perfusion and functional parameters showed a statistically significant improvement if compared to preoperative values. In detail, at one-month post vitrectomy, VLD and VT significantly changed in parafoveal region (p = 0.043; p = 0.045), while PD and VDI showed a trend of increase in both parafoveal and perifoveal region. At 6 months after surgery, PD, VLD and VT of parafoveal region significantly improved (p = 0.021, p = 0.018, p = 0.047 respectively). (4) Conclusions: SS-OCTA provides a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the superficial capillary plexus allowing for early vascular changes assessment after vitrectomy with iERM and ILM peeling.

scholarly journals Time-related OCT-A changes in preclinical retinopathy and their association with systemic factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6-1) ◽  
pp. 122-127
Author(s):  
A. N. Stulova ◽  
N. S. Semenova ◽  
A. V. Zheleznyakova ◽  
V. S. Akopyan ◽  
D. V. Lipatov
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Vascular Plexus ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Systemic Factors ◽  
One Year

Background. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) is a promising tool for the detection of microvascular impairment at the preclinical stage of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Evaluation of dynamic OCT-A changes and their association with systemic factors can help to reveal early biomarkers of DR progression.Aim: to evaluate time-related OCT-A changes and their association with systemic factors in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) patients with no apparent DRMaterials and methods. 38 DM1 patients with no apparent DR and 39 healthy volunteers were included in the study. All participants underwent 7-fi eld fundus photography, OCT and OCT-A. We analyzed OCT-A parameters (foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area (mm2), acircularity index (AI), vessel density (VD), skeletonized density (SD)) as well as the results of blood and urea tests.Results. After one year of observation, AI was significantly higher (р = 0.005) and VD0–300 was signifi cantly lower in superfi cial vascular plexus (SVP, p < 0.0001) and deep capillary plexus (DCP, р = 0.032) in DM1 patients. We have also registered a positive correlation between AI and triglycerides (TG) level (r = 0.627, p = 0.007) as well as a negative correlation between ketones and VD (SVP VD0–300: r = –0.695, p = 0.030; intermediate capillary plexus (ICP, VD0–300: r = –0.551, p = 0.041; DCP, VD0–300: r = –0.704, p = 0.003; SVP, VD300–600: r = –0.853, p = 0.001).Conclusions. After one year of observation, we have registered an increase in AI level and a decline in VD in SVP and DCP which can be the earliest signs of DR progression. A signifi cant correlation between these parameters and systemic factors indicates their role as potential DR biomarkers.

Microvascular differences in amblyopic subgroups: An observational case–control study

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110658
Author(s):  
Müjdat Karabulut ◽  
Sinem Karabulut ◽  
Sabahattin Sül ◽  
Aylin Karalezli
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Foveal Thickness ◽  
Flow Area ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Superficial Capillary Plexus ◽  
Control Study

Purpose To determine retinal microvascular differences among amblyopic subgroups and compare them with control eyes. Study Design This study was designed as an observational case–control study. Methods Twenty-three strabismic, 23 anisometropic, 22 meridional, 22 ametropic amblyopic eyes, and 24 healthy control eyes were included. The mean vessel densities in the deep and superficial capillary plexus, the foveal avascular zone area, the choriocapillaris flow area, and the foveal thickness were compared. Results Vessel density was markedly lower in all sectors of the amblyopic subgroups in the deep capillary plexus than in control eyes. Density was significantly lower in the superficial capillary plexus only in ametropic and meridional amblyopic eyes. Among these groups, the meridional amblyopic eyes had the largest choriocapillaris flow area ( p = 0.013) and the lowest vessel density in all sectors ( p < 0.001). The foveal avascular zone area was similar in all groups ( p = 0.561). The fovea was significantly thicker only in the anisometropic and meridional subgroups than control eyes ( p = 0.011, p = 0.001, respectively). The foveal avascular zone area was inversely related to the foveal thickness in all groups. Conclusion Retinal structural and microvascular differences were found among amblyopic subgroups. Optical coherence tomography angiography can noninvasively detect these variations, which may be related to the etiologic factors.

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