Microvascular differences in amblyopic subgroups: An observational case–control study

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110658
Author(s):  
Müjdat Karabulut ◽  
Sinem Karabulut ◽  
Sabahattin Sül ◽  
Aylin Karalezli
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Foveal Thickness ◽  
Flow Area ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Superficial Capillary Plexus ◽  
Control Study

Purpose To determine retinal microvascular differences among amblyopic subgroups and compare them with control eyes. Study Design This study was designed as an observational case–control study. Methods Twenty-three strabismic, 23 anisometropic, 22 meridional, 22 ametropic amblyopic eyes, and 24 healthy control eyes were included. The mean vessel densities in the deep and superficial capillary plexus, the foveal avascular zone area, the choriocapillaris flow area, and the foveal thickness were compared. Results Vessel density was markedly lower in all sectors of the amblyopic subgroups in the deep capillary plexus than in control eyes. Density was significantly lower in the superficial capillary plexus only in ametropic and meridional amblyopic eyes. Among these groups, the meridional amblyopic eyes had the largest choriocapillaris flow area ( p = 0.013) and the lowest vessel density in all sectors ( p < 0.001). The foveal avascular zone area was similar in all groups ( p = 0.561). The fovea was significantly thicker only in the anisometropic and meridional subgroups than control eyes ( p = 0.011, p = 0.001, respectively). The foveal avascular zone area was inversely related to the foveal thickness in all groups. Conclusion Retinal structural and microvascular differences were found among amblyopic subgroups. Optical coherence tomography angiography can noninvasively detect these variations, which may be related to the etiologic factors.

Optical coherence tomography angiography in diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1418-1423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Furino ◽  
Grazia Montrone ◽  
Maria Vittoria Cicinelli ◽  
Stefania Balestra ◽  
Maria Oliva Grassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Superficial Capillary Plexus

Purpose: To investigate a subset of diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy with optical coherence tomography angiography, assessing the differences in macular perfusion between diseased eyes and healthy controls. Methods: Monocentric cross-sectional study, including 86 eyes from 43 diabetic patients with no clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy and 78 eyes from 39 controls. Patients underwent 3.0 × 3.0 mm and 4.5 × 4.5 mm swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography. Vessel density (%), foveal avascular zone area (mm2), and avascular density (%) were provided for the superficial capillary plexus and the deep capillary plexus. Results: The foveal avascular zone area at the superficial capillary plexus was larger in the study group compared to controls, irrespective of the area of the slab considered. A meaningful difference was found in the vessel density at the deep capillary plexus of the 3.0 × 3.0 mm slab (p = 0.03). Almost all the variables considered in the study showed a significant within-subject effect. Age significantly correlated with vessel density of superficial capillary plexus on 4.5 × 4.5 mm in both control and diabetic eyes. Conclusion: Diabetic patients with subclinical diabetic retinopathy feature a larger foveal avascular zone at the superficial capillary plexus compared with controls, as well as relative reduction of the vessel density at the deep capillary plexus. These findings might serve as the basis for screening between normal and diabetic subjects.

scholarly journals Assessment of Foveal Avascular Zone and Macular Vascular Plexus Density in Children With Unilateral Amblyopia: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Gao ◽  
Yang Gao ◽  
Fengrong Hong ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Xiangwen Shu
Keyword(s):  
Microvessel Density ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Foveal Thickness ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Fellow Eyes

Purpose: To examine the quantitative measurements of OCTA in children with amblyopia using the meta-analysis methodology.Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library were searched for available papers up to March 2021. Weighted mean differences (WMD) were used to compare the retina parameters between the eyes with amblyopia and the contralateral eyes or healthy control eyes.Results: Twelve studies were included. When considering the parafovea, the microvessel density was reduced in amblyopic eyes compared with healthy control eyes in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) in 6 × 6 volume scan (WMD = −2.12, 95%CI: −3.24, −0.99) but not SCP in 3 × 3 volume scan (WMD = −1.43, 95%CI: −2.96, 0.11). In the deep capillary plexus (DCP), amblyopia did not decrease vessel density in the 6 × 6 volume scan (WMD = −2.22, 95%CI: −5.86, 1.42; I2 = 79.6%, P = 0.008), but a difference was observed in the whole eye 3 × 3 (WMD = −1.95, 95%CI: −3.23, −0.67; I2 = 27.5%, P = 0.252). There were no significant differences in the foveal avascular zone area and foveal thickness between amblyopic eyes and healthy control eyes. There were no significant differences in microvessel density, foveal avascular zone area, and foveal thickness between amblyopic eyes and fellow eyes.Conclusion: According to OCTA, amblyopic eyes had lower vessel density in parafoveal SCP and DCP compared with healthy control eyes, but not compared with fellow eyes. There were no significant differences regarding the foveal avascular zone area and foveal thickness between amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes.

scholarly journals Association of Microvasculature and Macular Sensitivity in Idiopathic Macular Epiretinal Membrane: Using OCT Angiography and Microperimetry

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyang Feng ◽  
Xiaotong Yang ◽  
Mengqiao Xu ◽  
Yuwei Wang ◽  
Xiang Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factor ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Epiretinal Membrane ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Foveal Thickness ◽  
Macular Function ◽  
Macular Sensitivity ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Superficial Capillary Plexus

Purpose: To investigate the correlation between retinal capillary structure and macular function in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) by using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and microperimetry.Methods: This retrospective and observational study included 30 idiopathic ERM eyes of 30 consecutive patients. OCTA was performed to evaluate macular microvasculature including the superficial capillary plexus, deep capillary plexus, and foveal avascular zone. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and microperimetry were measured at baseline and 3 months after surgery. Associations between macular microvasculature and visual function were assessed.Results: Visual function including BCVA and macular sensitivity improved significantly at 3 months post-operatively (p &lt; 0.001). At baseline, BCVA was positively correlated with foveal or parafoveal sensitivities and negatively correlated with central foveal thickness (p &lt; 0.05). Pre-operative foveal sensitivity was significantly correlated with the vessel density of foveal or parafoveal superficial capillary plexus (p &lt; 0.05). A multiple regression model revealed that pre-operative vessel density of foveal deep capillary plexus was an independent positive prognostic factor for post-operative BCVA (B = −0.020 ± 0.006, p = 0.006) and macular sensitivity (B = 0.200 ± 0.081, p = 0.027).Conclusion: Integrated evaluation of iERM by using OCTA and microperimetry shows an association between microvasculature and macular sensitivity. Pre-operative vessel density of foveal deep capillary plexus assessed by OCTA may be a potentially valuable prognostic factor for iERM surgery.

Foveal Avascular Zone Area Analysis Using OCT Angiography After Pneumatic Retinopexy for Macula-Off Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Repair

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 297-303
Author(s):  
Carolina L. M. Francisconi ◽  
David Ta Kim ◽  
Verena Juncal ◽  
Jenny Qian ◽  
Koby Brosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Pneumatic Retinopexy ◽  
Retinal Capillary ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Pars Plana ◽  
Superficial Capillary Plexus ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose: Recent publications have reported that the deep capillary plexus (DCP) area of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) is significantly larger in eyes following pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair when compared with controls. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there have been no publications on the evaluation of the macular microvasculature using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in post–pneumatic retinopexy (PnR) eyes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate FAZ-area changes following PnR. Methods: This retrospective cohort included 19 patients with macula-off RRD who underwent PnR repair. Each patient’s fellow eye was used as a control. The FAZ area in the superficial capillary plexus and DCP was investigated with OCTA and the areas were measured by 2 masked graders. Results: Both superficial (PnR: 0.22 [0.16-0.35] vs control: 0.24 [0.18-0.34] mm2; P = .715) and deep (PnR: 0.56 [0.51-0.76] vs control: 0.7 [0.59-0.89] mm2; P = .105) FAZ areas were not significantly different between eyes. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the lack of FAZ-area enlargement after PnR repair may indicate that there is less ischemic damage to the retinal capillary plexus in the fovea when compared with that described in the literature for PPV. The PIVOT trial demonstrated that PnR is associated with superior visual acuity and less metamorphopsia when compared with PPV at 1 year. The results of the current study may provide insight into the potential advantages of PnR. Further studies are needed to elucidate how the macular microvasculature is affected after RRD and to clarify how the FAZ area changes following PnR and PPV.

scholarly journals Smoking Effect on Peripapillary and Macular Microvascular Structure in Inactive Graves’ Ophthalmopathy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kubra SERBEST CEYLANOGLU ◽  
Emine Malkoc Sen ◽  
Sibel Doguizi ◽  
Gozde Hondur
Keyword(s):  
Optic Disc ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Graves Ophthalmopathy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Superficial Capillary Plexus

Abstract ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the smoking effect on peripapillary and macular microvascular structure in patients with inactive Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) and to compare these structures with those of healthy control subjects.MethodsA total of 34 healty participants (control group), 22 inactive GO patients with smoking (smoker group) and 19 inactive GO patients with nonsmoking (non-smoker group) were recruited in this prospective study. After detailed ophthalmological examination, vessel densities (VD) of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), retinal peripapillary capillary (RPC) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, acircularity index (AI) of the FAZ were analyzed with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) for each eye.ResultsVessel density in the total peripapillary; superior and inferior sectors of RPC were significantly lower in inactive GO patients with smoking (p<0.05 for all sectors) compared to control group. Besides, the FAZ AI was significantly higher in smoker and non-smoker inactive GO groups compared to healthy subjects (p=0.0001, p=0.0001, respectively). No significant difference was found in the FAZ area, and all SCP, DCP macular measurements between groups (p>0.05 for all).ConclusionOCTA findings of lower peripapillary VD in the smoker group show smoking effect on the optic disc head microvasculature in inactive GO patients. These results could reflect early subclinical optic disc vasculature damage in smoker inactive GO subjects.

Increased choriocapillaris vessel density in amblyopic children: a case-control study

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 366-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Borrelli ◽  
Marcela Lonngi ◽  
Siva Balasubramanian ◽  
Tudor C. Tepelus ◽  
Elmira Baghdasaryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Control Study

Optical coherence tomography angiography findings in young β-thalassemia patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 600-607
Author(s):  
Elif Güler Kazancı ◽  
Muhammet Furkan Korkmaz ◽  
Mehmet Erol Can
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Superficial Capillary Plexus

Purpose: The purpose was to evaluate retinal vascular parameters by optical coherence tomography angiography in β-thalassemia major patients. Methods: Thirty-three patients with β-thalassemia major (study group) and 29 healthy children (control group) were enrolled in the study. All subjects underwent a complete ocular examination. The mean foveal avascular zone, non-flow area, foveal avascular zone perimeter, acircularity index of foveal avascular zone, foveal density, the superficial capillary plexus, and deep capillary plexus were scanned using 6 × 6 mm optical coherence tomography angiography scans centered on the macula. Superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus were also scanned centered on the optic disk. We collected data on histories of patients, and hemoglobin and ferritin were also studied from both groups. Results: The mean age was 13.85 ± 4.69 years (range: 4–21 years) in β-thalassemia major group and 12.59 ± 3.66 years (range: 6–18 years) in the control group. The mean foveal avascular zone value was 0.265 ± 0.11 mm2 in the study group and 0.296 ± 0.12 mm2 in the control group. The mean non-flow area value was 0.468 ± 0.12 mm2 in the study group and 0.479 ± 0.14 mm2 in the control group ( p > 0.05). Differences in the mean values for foveal density and acircularity index were statistically significant between the study group and control group ( p < 0.05, p = 0.026, and p = 0.026, respectively). Superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus were not a significant difference between the study and control groups in 6 × 6 mm scans on macula and 4.5 × 4.5 mm scans on optic disk area ( p > 0.05). Acircularity index was negatively correlated ( r = −0.292, p = 0.026), and foveal density was positively correlated with hemoglobin ( r = 0.292, p = 0.026). Conclusion: By using optical coherence tomography angiography, we detected foveal microvascular changes in young β-thalassemia patients before significant ocular anomalies development.

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of Foveal Microvascular Differences in Diabetic Macular Edema with and without Subfoveal Neuroretinal Detachment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gao Jian ◽  
Xu Ya Jing ◽  
Li Yang ◽  
Liu Lun
Keyword(s):  
Macular Edema ◽  
Diabetic Macular Edema ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
The Difference

Purpose. This study is aimed at quantifying the difference of the foveal microvasculature in the eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME) with and without subfoveal neuroretinal detachment (SND+ and SND-, respectively). Methods. This retrospective, cross-sectional study included 48 eyes from 42 patients with DME (20 SND+ and 28 SND- eyes). Data collection included fundus color photographs, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and best-corrected visual acuity. The following parameters were evaluated with OCTA: foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters and vessel density in a width of 300 μm around the FAZ, superficial capillary plexus, deep capillary plexus (DCP), and choriocapillary plexus. The number of retinal hyperreflective spots (HRS) and the area of SND in the central 3 mm were evaluated at 0 degrees using B-scans. Results. Parafoveal vessel densities of DCP were significantly lower in SND+ than in SND- eyes (p<0.001). The number of HRS was significantly higher in SND+ than in SND- eyes (p<0.001). A statistically significant negative correlation between parafoveal vessel density in DCP and the number of HRS in all eyes was found (Spearman’s correlation, r=0.389, p=0.006). Conclusion. DME with SND correlated with larger numbers of HRS and significant macular microvascular impairment in the DCP. The pathophysiology of decline of parafoveal vessel density in the DCP with an increase in the number of HRS in the eyes with DME with SND needs further investigation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the correlation between quantitative measurement of the foveal avascular zone and retinal vessel density and outer retinal disruptions in diabetic patients.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
NAGİHAN UĞURLU ◽  
AYŞE GÜZİN TAŞLIPINAR UZEL ◽  
AHMET ŞENGÜN ◽  
FATMA YÜLEK ◽  
DEMET ÖZDAŞ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Retinal Vessel ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Retinal Layers ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Retinal Vessel Density

Aim: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the correlation between the integrity of the outer retinal layers on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and objective parameters of retinal microvascular perfusion on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Method: 105 eyes of 54 diabetic patients were included in to the study. Integrity of the outer retinal layers including the external limiting membrane (ELM), ellipsoid zone (EZ), and interdigitation zone (IZ) were assessed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and vessel density (VD) measurements in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) in all the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) sectors were evaluated by OCTA. Association between the quantitative measurement of the foveal avascular zone and retinal vessel density measurements and outer retinal disruptions were evaluated. Results: FAZ area was correlated with outer retinal layer disruption at both in the superficial plexus (r = 0.244, 0.228, 0.212, p = 0.013, 0.02, 0.031 for the ELM, EZ and IZ respectively) and deep capillary plexus (r = 0.298, 0.234, 0.197, p = 0.002, 0.019, 0.048 for the ELM, EZ and IZ respectively). A significant relationship was also found between the VD measurements in the SCP and DCP in ETDRS sectors and the outer retinal layers disruption. Conclusion: The result of the current study shows a significant relationship between the quantitative OCTA parameters and the integrity of the outer retinal layers and. This finding reveals a correlation between retinal capillary nonperfusion and outer retinal disruption in eyes with diabetic retinopathy. Key Words: Outer retinal disruption, external limiting membrane, ellipsoid zone, interdigitation zone, foveal avascular zone, superficial capillary plexus, deep capillary plexus, optical coherence tomography angiography

scholarly journals Relationship between Size of the Foveal Avascular Zone and Carbohydrate Metabolic Disorders during Pregnancy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Masahiko Sugimoto ◽  
Yasuko Wakamatsu ◽  
Ryohei Miyata ◽  
Hisashi Matsubara ◽  
Mineo Kondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Superficial Capillary Plexus

Aim. To determine whether the area of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), as a morphological indicator of the microcirculation of the perifoveal capillary network, changes in the carbohydrate metabolism disorders during pregnancy (the gestational age of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preexisting diabetes (PexD)). Methods. Ten normal individuals and 41 eyes of 41 patients, 28 with GDM and 13 with PexD, were studied. A 3 × 3 mm area of the FAZ of the superficial capillary plexus layer (SCP) and the deep capillary plexus layer (DCP) was determined by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA; RS-3000 Advance, NIDEK). The significance of the correlation between the size of the FAZ and the weeks of pregnancy was determined. Results. The area of the FAZ of the SCP was 0.38 ± 0.11 mm2 (normal eyes), 0.41 ± 0.16 mm2 (GDM), and 0.43 ± 0.10 mm2 (PexD). The area of the FAZ of the DCP was 0.78 ± 0.23 mm2 (normal eyes), 0.69 ± 0.16 mm2 (GDM), and 0.79 ± 0.25 mm2 (PexD). No significant difference in the FAZ sizes was observed between the groups. The average number of weeks of pregnancy was 24.1 ± 8.2 weeks in the eyes with GDM and 23.3 ± 11.4 weeks in the eyes with PexD (P>0.05). Significant correlations were found between the size of the FAZ of the SCP and the number of weeks (r = 0.37, P=0.04 for GDM, and r = 0.49, P=0.04 for PexD, Spearman’s rank-order correlation coefficient). Conclusions. For GDM and PexD under established glycemic control, the area of the FAZ is not affected, but vascular changes occurred at the early phase of pregnancy.

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